11.6 Kingdom Animalia Arthropod Echino and Mollusc

7/30/2019 11.6 Kingdom Animalia Arthropod Echino and Mollusc

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Powerpoint@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk
mailto:point@lecturemailto:point@lecture


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11.6.6 PHYLUM

ARTHROPODA


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At the end of this topic, students should beable to:

Describe the unique characteristics of Arthropoda.

State the classification of phylum Arthropoda: Class Crustacea (Macrobrachium)

Class Chilopoda (Scolopendra)

Class Diplopoda (Iulus)

Class Insecta (Valanga)

Class Arachnida (Nephila)

Class Merostomata (Tachypleus)


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Unique Characteristics of Phylum

Arthropoda

Bilateral symmetry

Triploblastic

Organ level oforganisation

Paired segmented

appendages/jointed legsin pair


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Segmented bodies

Segments are fused to form

specialised body regions ----TAGMATA


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Cephalization

Head, thorax & abdomen

Thorax is fused with the head to

form cephalothorax (crustaceans

& arachnids

Exoskeleton with chitin


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Hemocoel instead of a coelom

Body cavity filled with blood-like fluid

Role in blood circulation systemOpen blood circulation system with true heart

Have artery but no vein

Blood flow via hemocoel before return to

heart


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Reproduction

Generally reproducessexually

Separate sexes


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Nervous system consisting of:

a double cerebral ganglion

a double ventral nerve cord network of nerves

Complete digestive system

Modified mouthparts & anus


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Respiration

Gills

Trachea

Book lungs

Diffusion via skin

Gills


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Contribution of the unique characteristics

to the success of arthropoda as compared

to other animals Exoskeleton

Supports and protects the body

Barrier against desiccation Movement -- Muscle attachment

Disadvantages

Prevent continuous growth


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Segmentation & appendages

Segments of the body become

specialized to performspecialized functions


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Antagonistic striated muscles

Pairs of muscles that stretcheach other

Give ability to walk, run,

jump, swim & fly

Provide brisk movement help to find food, to

breed & run out from

predator


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Air directly to cells & tissues (tracheae),

maintenance of high metabolism

Highly developed sensory organs

Eg: compound eyes, receptors for

smell.

Allow them to be "in touch" with

surroundings.


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Reduced competition through metamorphosis

Adult eats differently than juvenile

Less interspecies competition


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Classification

Divided into 6 classes: Class Crustacea

Eg: Prawn (Macrobrachium)

Class Chilopoda

Eg: Centipede (Scolopendra)

Class Diplopoda Eg: Milipede (Iulus)


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Class Insecta

Eg: Grasshopper (Valanga)

Class Arachnida

Eg: Spider (Nephila)

Class Merostomata

Eg: Horseshoe crab (Tachypleus)


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At the end of this lecture, studentsshould be able to:

Describe unique characteristics of

Mollusca State the classification of Mollusca into

three classes:

Class Gastropoda (Achatinasp.)

Class Chephalopoda (Sepiasp.)

Class Bivalvia (Anadarasp.)


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Mollusca

Asymmetry

Unsegmented / head

Coelomate

Triploblastic


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Body composed of three parts :

Visceral mass

Contain most of the internal organs e.g.digestive system, excretory system,

heart


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Mantle

formed from fold of tissue/soft skin

that covers visceral organs

have gland that secretes the shell

Muscular foot

located at the ventral site of the

body

for locomotion


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Circulatory system

open / close blood circulation

consists of dorsal heart Respiratory system

gills or lung in the mantle cavity

Mouth has radula

tongue-like organ with rows of teeth

drill, scrape & cut food


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Excretory organs

Nephridia

remove metabolic waste from thehemolymph (body fluid)

Complete digestive system

anus open into mantle cavity


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Classification

Classified into 3 classes:

Class Gastropoda (Achatinasp.)

Class Chephalopoda (Sepiasp.)

Class Bivalvia (Anadarasp.)


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Describe the unique characteristic ofEchinodermata.

State classification of Echinodermata into 5

calsses :

Class Asteroidea (Starfisg - Asteriassp.)

Class Holothuroidea (Sea cucumber -

Holothuriasp.)

Class Crinoidea (Featherstar)

Class Echinoidea (Sea urchin)

Class Ophiuroidea (Brittlestar -Ophiura

sp.)


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Echinodermechin spiny, derma - skin

Body symmetry

Larvae

Bilateral symmetry

Adult

Radial symmetry

No body segmentation

Triploblastic


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Slow moving or sessile

Endoskeleton

Hard calcium carbonateplates and spines

Covered by thin

epidermis

Internal and external parts

radiate from centre - five

spokes.


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Tube feet

Functions

Locomotion

Feeding

Gas exchange

Water vascular system

A network of hydraulic canalsbranching into extensions calledtube feet


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Simple nervous system withoutbrain

No head

Mouth generally on lower (oral)surface of body

Anus on upper (aboral) surface.


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Sexual reproduction

Separate male and femaleindividuals

Release gametes into water.


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Classification

Class Asteroidea Eg: Starfish - Asteriassp.

Class Holothuroidea

Eg: Sea cucumber - Holothuriasp.

Class Crinoidea

Eg: Featherstar


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Class Echinoidea

Eg: Sea urchin

Class Ophiuroidea

Eg: Brittlestar -Ophiura

sp.


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Roles of Echinoderms

Star fish Feeds on corals

Secreting an enzyme that breaks

down the coral tissue.

Eg: Crown of thorns starfish


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Sea cucumber medical use

Excellent healing properties Effective for tissues repair

11.6 Kingdom Animalia Arthropod Echino and Mollusc

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