Temporal 1D Kerr cavity solitons a new passive optical buffer technology Stéphane Coen Physics Department, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Work performed while on Research & Study Leave at The Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium 1. What are cavity solitons? 4. Experimental setup 3. Theory & Historical background 2. Temporal cavity solitons 5. Results 6. Conclusion Pascal Kockaert Simon-Pierre Gorza Philippe Emplit Marc Haelterman François Leo Special thanks to and to
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Temporal 1D Kerr cavity solitons
a new passive optical buffer technology
Stéphane Coen
Physics Department, The University of Auckland,Auckland, New Zealand
Work performed while onResearch & Study Leave at
The Université Librede Bruxelles (ULB),
Brussels, Belgium
1. What are cavity solitons? 4. Experimental setup
Experimental demonstration of temporal Kerr cavity solitons
4. Experimental setup
PolarizationController
Fiber Coupler90/10
FiberIsolator
90m
290m
To avoid Brillouinscattering
Resonances: 22 kHz
1.85
24Rt s
F
m=
=
Input
Output
Experimental demonstration of temporal Kerr cavity solitons
DFB
EDFA
1 kHz linewidth1551 nm CW pump
DRIVING BEAM
PolarizationController
Fiber Coupler90/10
FiberIsolator
90m
To avoid Brillouinscattering
Output
Resonances: 22 kHz
1.85
24Rt s
F
m=
=
4. Experimental setup
290m
Experimental demonstration of temporal Kerr cavity solitons
DFB
EDFA
1 kHz linewidth1551 nm CW pump
DRIVING BEAM
PolarizationController
Fiber Coupler90/10
FiberIsolator
90m
To avoid Brillouinscattering
Controller
PiezoelectricFiber Stretcher
OutputFiber Coupler95/5
Resonances: 22 kHz
1.85
24Rt s
F
m=
=
4. Experimental setup
290m
Experimental demonstration of temporal Kerr cavity solitons
WDM
PolarizationController
Fiber Coupler90/10
Fiber Coupler95/5
PiezoelectricFiber Stretcher
Controller
FiberIsolator
PRITEL
DFB
EDFA
EDFA
AOM
To avoid Brillouinscattering
1 kHz linewidth1551 nm CW pump
1535 nm, 4 ps, 10 MHzmodelocked fiber laser
DRIVING BEAM
ADDRESSINGBEAM
90m
Output
Resonances: 22 kHz
1.85
24Rt s
F
m=
=
4. Experimental setup
290m
Experimental demonstration of temporal Kerr cavity solitons
WDM
PolarizationController
Fiber Coupler90/10
Fiber Coupler95/5
PiezoelectricFiber Stretcher
Controller
FiberIsolator
PRITEL
DFB
EDFA
EDFA
AOM
To avoid Brillouinscattering
Excitedvia XPM
1 kHz linewidth1551 nm CW pump
1535 nm, 4 ps, 10 MHzmodelocked fiber laser
DRIVING BEAM
ADDRESSINGBEAM
90m
Output
Resonances: 22 kHz
1.85
24Rt s
F
m=
=
4. Experimental setup
290m
Experimental demonstration of temporal Kerr cavity solitons
WDM
PolarizationController
Fiber Coupler90/10
Fiber Coupler95/5
PiezoelectricFiber Stretcher
Controller
FiberIsolator
WDM
PRITEL
DFB
WDM
EDFA
EDFA
AOM
To avoid Brillouinscattering
1 kHz linewidth1551 nm CW pump
1535 nm, 4 ps, 10 MHzmodelocked fiber laser
DRIVING BEAM
ADDRESSINGBEAM
90m
Output
Excitedvia XPM Resonances: 22 kHz
1.85
24Rt s
F
m=
=
4. Experimental setup
290m
Experimental demonstration of temporal Kerr cavity solitons
WDM
PolarizationController
Fiber Coupler90/10
Fiber Coupler95/5
PiezoelectricFiber Stretcher
Controller
FiberIsolator
WDM
PRITEL
DFB
WDM
EDFA
EDFA
AOM
To avoid Brillouinscattering
1 kHz linewidth1551 nm CW pump
1535 nm, 4 ps, 10 MHzmodelocked fiber laser
DRIVING BEAM
ADDRESSINGBEAM
90m
Output
Excitedvia XPM Resonances: 22 kHz
1.85
24Rt s
F
m=
=
4. Experimental setup
290m
Experimental demonstration of temporal Kerr cavity solitons
WDM
PolarizationController
Fiber Coupler90/10
Fiber Coupler95/5
PiezoelectricFiber Stretcher
Controller
FiberIsolator
WDM
BPF
PRITEL
DFB
Fiber Coupler50/50
EDFA1 nm BPF
EDFA
AOM
5 GSa/soscilloscope
Opticalspectrumanalyzer
To avoid Brillouinscattering
Remove ASE
Remove driving beam
1 kHz linewidth1551 nm CW pump
1535 nm, 4 ps, 10 MHzmodelocked fiber laser
DRIVING BEAM
ADDRESSINGBEAM
90mExcited
via XPM
WDM
Resonances: 22 kHz
1.85
24Rt s
F
m=
=
4. Experimental setup
290m
A single soliton in the cavity
5. Results
The intracavity pulse persists in the cavityfor more than 1 s (> 550,000 round-trips)
Losses
Coherent driving
Addressing pulse: Off - CS only sustained by the cw driving beam
A single soliton in the cavity
The intracavity pulse persists in the cavityfor more than 1 s (> 550,000 round-trips)
Autocorrelation reveals it is ,matching simulations
4 ps long Dispersionlength: 230 m
ExperimentSimulations
Dispersion Nonlinearity
Losses
Coherent driving
Addressing pulse: Off - CS only sustained by the cw driving beam
5. Results
A single soliton in the cavity
The intracavity pulse persists in the cavityfor more than 1 s (> 550,000 round-trips)
Addressing pulse: Off - CS only sustained by the cw driving beam
Autocorrelation reveals it is ,matching simulations
4 ps long Dispersionlength: 230 m
ExperimentSimulations
Dispersion Nonlinearity
Losses
Coherent driving
5. Results
Storing data as binary patterns with cavity solitons
5. Results
Interactions of temporal cavity solitons
5. Results
Sending two close addressing pulses andobserving the CSs within the next 1 s
Addressing pulses closer than 25 ps
Only one CS present atthe output
Interactions of temporal cavity solitons
5. Results
Sending two close addressing pulses andobserving the CSs within the next 1 s
Addressing pulses closer than 25 ps
Only one CS present atthe output
With a larger separation betweenthe addressing pulses ...
The two excited CSs repel
Interactions of temporal cavity solitons
5. Results
Sending two close addressing pulses andobserving the CSs within the next 1 s
Addressing pulses closer than 25 ps
Only one CS present atthe output
With a larger separation betweenthe addressing pulses ...
The two excited CSs repel
... but repulsion getsprogressively weaker
Interactions of temporal cavity solitons
5. Results
Sending two close addressing pulses andobserving the CSs within the next 1 s
Addressing pulses closer than 25 ps
Only one CS present atthe output
With a larger separation betweenthe addressing pulses ...
The two excited CSs repel
... but repulsion getsprogressively weaker
Potential buffer capacity:
45 kbit @ 25 Gbit/s
The CSs could be easilytrapped by modulating thedriving power
5. Results5. Results
Writing dynamics of temporal cavity solitons
Time (100 µs/div)
Experiment
Simulation
Writing dynamics of temporal cavity solitons
Time (100 µs/div)
Experiment
Simulation
Output with off-center filter
Inside the cavity
Time (100 µs/div)
5. Results5. Results
5. Results
Erasing of temporalcavity solitons
Complete erasing of thecavity can be obtained
for about4 round-trips
by switching off thedriving beam
5. Results
Erasing of temporalcavity solitons
Complete erasing of thecavity can be obtained
for about4 round-trips
by switching off thedriving beam
Driving beam switchedback on after4 round-trips
5. Results
Erasing of temporalcavity solitons
Complete erasing of thecavity can be obtained
for about4 round-trips
by switching off thedriving beam
From there on, new CSscan be written withoutaffecting the erasureof neighboring CSs
Driving beam switchedback on after4 round-trips
5. Results
Erasing of temporalcavity solitons
Selective erasing ofone CS can be obtainedby overwriting it withan addressing pulseabout 50% morepowerful
This realizes anall-optical XORlogic gate
5. Results
Breathing temporal cavity solitons
Above a certain driving power,the cavity solitons become breathers
0 2 4 6 8 100
2
4
6
8
10
X
Y? = 3.3
? = 3.8
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
3456789
Driving power (mW)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.81.9
Hopfbifurcation
0 2 4 6 8 100
2
4
6
8
10
X
Y? = 3.3
? = 3.8
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
3456789
Driving power (mW)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.81.9
Hopfbifurcation
5. Results
Breathing temporal cavity solitons
Time (50 µs/div)
Above a certain driving power,the cavity solitons become breathers
6. Conclusion
We have reported as well as
the first direct experimental observation oftemporal cavity solitons Kerr cavity solitons
Temporal cavity solitons could be used as bits in an all-optical buffer,combining all-optical storage with wavelength conversion,all-optical reshaping, and re-timing
Our experiments have been performed in a purely 1-dimensional systemwith an instantaneous Kerr nonlinearity
Due to this simplicity, our experiments may constitute themost fundamental example of self-organization in nonlinear optics
P. Del’Haye et al,Nature 450, 1214 (2007)
Kerr frequency combs generated in microresonators may bethe spectral signature of a temporal cavity soliton