- 1.Week 11: Natural ScienceAIO: EvolutionPP: Charles Darwin,
CopernicusSpecial audio notes on:Intelligence Squared
Debate:Religion and Science are incompatibleTed Talk: Ben Goldacre,
Bad Science Readings:1. 153-1572. 158-1643. 165-1704. 171-1765.
177-1826. 183-189
2. Symphony of Science 3. Week 11: Natural ScienceAIO:
EvolutionPP: Charles Darwin, CopernicusSpecial audio notes
on:Intelligence Squared Debate:Religion and Science are
incompatibleTed Talk: Ben Goldacre, Bad Science Readings:1.
153-1572. 158-1643. 165-1704. 171-1765. 177-1826. 183-189 4. 3
Ideas for the Week1. Scientific knowing is an evolving system that
limitsuncertainty through observation, experimentation,
andinductive/deductive reasoning.2. Science as a language, ethos,
and community revealsinnate features of human identity and
processing.3. Scientific objectivity and cultural diversity,
particularlyreligious knowing, are often at odds for various
reasons.Why? 5. The most beautiful thing we canexperience is the
mysterious. It is thesource of all true art and science. Who said
this? 6. What is Science? From the following quotes, what 5 ideas
emerge concerningwhat Science actually is? Construct a single
sentence def.1. Real science is a revision in progress, always. It
proceeds in fits andstarts of ignorance. -Stuart Firestein2.
Science does not purvey absolute truth, science is a mechanism.
Itsa way of trying to improve your knowledge of nature, its a
system fortesting your thoughts against the universe and seeing
whether theymatch. Isaac Asimov3. Science is a way of thinking much
more than it is a body ofknowledge. Carl Sagan4. One thing I have
learned in a long life: that all our science, measuredagainst
reality, is primitive and childlike and yet it is the mostprecious
thing we have. Hans Muhsam5. All of science is uncertain and
subject to revision. The glory of scienceis to imagine more than we
can prove. - Freeman Dyson6. One never notices what has been done;
one can only see whatremains to be done - Marie Curie7. Science
alone of all the subjects contains within itself the lesson of
thedanger of belief in the infallibility of the greatest teachers
of thepreceding generation. Richard Feynman 7. We live in a society
exquisitely dependenton science and technology, in whichhardly
anyone knows anything aboutscience and technology.-Carl Sagan 8.
Modern Knowledge What types of knowingexist in the modern
worldwithout science? How might differentportraits and
constraintsof Science change ourviews of the world? Is all Science
progress? How much of ourunderstanding of Scienceis a reliance
andassumption of workability(pragmatic) rather thantrue knowing? 9.
Types of Science? Natural Sciences: Space science Earth Science
Life Science Chemistry Physics List 10 sub-categories inyour notes
10. Science and TOK Knower Science is a humanactivity Involves
differentactivies includingthinking, observingand communicating
Reason andEmotion; Senseperception;Language; Reason 11. Scientific
Paradigm(s) A paradigm is a set ofpractices that definea scientific
disciplineat any particularperiod of time A thought pattern inan
area ofknowledge Underline the numberof differentparadigmsmentioned
today. 12. Scientific Method From Aristotle totoday, humans
havesought a pattern to ourworld encounters Developed
alonsidearchitecture, philosophy and history Roger Bacon
(13thcentury) and therepeating cycle. Karl Popper (20th c.)and
critical rationalism. 13. The Bedrock: Observation Ways of Knowing:
Put order from most toleast importantregardingobservation
Senseperception, emotion, reason, and intuition Historical: How has
ourunderstanding, ourability, and ourlimitations ofobservation in
sciencedeveloped over time? 14. Quite so! You have not observed.
Andyet you have seen. That is just my point.Now, I know that there
are seventeensteps, because I have both seen andobserved. 15.
Activity: Double-Slit Experiment 16. Hypothesis Order the following
to tell the correctstory.1. I had made a mistake2. It seems to me
much betterif you admitin print that you were wrong3. The universe
could have started out in asmooth and orderedor lumpy anddisordered
state.4. Neither of these possibilities agrees withwhat we
observe5. The universe wouldbecome lumpy anddisordered as time went
on6. One has to use a quantum theory ofgravity7. Some people never
admit they arewrong How is Hypothesizing unique?Consider in
relation to other language,such as prediction, Guessing,Intuition,
Knowledge. 17. Experiment Have you ever donean experiment?Describe
your lastexperiment and whatnew knowledge wasgained. What are some
of thepurposes ofExperiments? Does all naturalscience
requireexperiments? 18. Science Aesthetic How might serendipityand
creativity relate tonaturaldiscoveries, researchproblems, or
evenexperimental solutions? Is this intuition a validsource of
scientificknowing? How is this similar anddifferent than sciencefor
science sake weoften hear criticized insociety? 19. Serendipity as
Science? Hofmann and LSD Fleming and penicillin Bequerel
andradioactivity Roentgen and X-rays Kekule and benzene Leonardo
Frank Dyson Archimdedes Damadian and Carrwith the MRI 20. It seemed
so simple and obvious. Idont think it took a lot of insight asmuch
as navet-Dudley Hershbach,Nobel Prize Winner 21. Falsification and
Repeatability From previous discussions, Ioffered the
followingtheory of Knowledge asknowledge is just as muchabout
learning new thingsas _________ How does this interact withthe
scientific understandingof falsification? What type of certainty
canscience afford knowing itsmethodological/naturalconstraints? 22.
Fill in the Blanks The A model of Sciencedoes not prove
anything.One counter-example willB the hypothesis.Thus, scientists
shouldmake their theories C.Science should proceedthrough a series
of D andE. Scientists should adopta F attitude called G. Word Bank:
conjectures;critical; disprove;falsificationism;
inductivist;refutations; testable. 23. History of Science What
anthropicprinciples are involvedwith the formation ofscience? What
fields of sciencehave persisted sincethe beginning ofhuman thought?
List 5 24. History Metallurgy Medicine Greeks and Theory Modern
Science Quantumuncertainty andrelativism 25. Scientific Revolution
(16-18th c.) How does this timeperiod differ from thegradual
evolution ofscientific thought inthe past? What are somefactors
thatcontribute to thescientific revolution. research 1 to sharenext
week. 26. Scientific Thought Ordering Put in the right order. What
doesthe development of scientificthought over time reveal? Put
these statements in order:1. Robert hook Showed that plantsare made
of compartments2. They remind him of monks cells3. Robert Brown
observed andnamed the nucleus4. In the 17th century, most
scientistsbelieved that life arose byspontaneous generation
fromdead matter.5. Robert Remak first described thedivision of
cells to make new ones 27. The Evolution and Application of Theory
Paradigms shift when: Too many anamoliesin the old make a newmodel
more useful Can clarify, notremake, the oldparadigm Can yield
greaterclarity, potential andprogress for futureknowing. 28.
Activity: Brain Gym Exercises 29. Bad Science Quiz Eating olive oil
reduces skin wrinkles Eating fresh, leafy greens will helpoxygenate
the blood because of thechlorophyll. Associations have been shown
betweenAutism and vaccination dosages. Geneticists have identified
the gay gene. Diet coke causes obesity and cancer Cell phones have
been shown to causecancer in certain trials All newer developed
drugs are better thanthe older ones. Eating Fish makes you smarter
90% of patients receiving chemotherapy forcancer die within months
of starting treatment 65% of those with autism are left handed You
dont sneeze when you sleep 30. Pseudo-Science Discussion: Whatare
some reasonsfor fake science?How does it interactwith
KnowledgeIssues from TOK? 31. Science as Community What external
pressuresexist in modern science?How does this affectresearch and
knowing? What types of ScientificMisconduct might therebe? Publish
or perish is agrowing phenomena inacademia. What are someadvantages
anddisadvantages? What types of scientificcareers are there?
Howmight it change thecommunity? 32. Scientific Ethics: Necessary?
33. Science and Reason 34. Language of Science 35. Science and
Culture 36. Science and Politics 37. Science and Religion