1.1 Antebellum America. * Ratified in 1787 * Established the framework for the political system * Under the Constitution the government was separated.

1.1 Antebellum America

*Slavery and the Civil War 1820-1865

*U.S Constitution*Ratified in 1787

*Established the framework for the political system*Under the Constitution the government

was separated into three separate branches: the executive (President), the legislative (Congress), and the judicial (Supreme Court).*Ensured that no one would have to much

control over the people (checks and balance).

*McCulloch v. Maryland

*1819 Supreme Case*Maryland attempted to impose a tax on

out of state banks, which meant the second bank of America would be taxed.*Supreme Court ruled that it was

unconstitutional to tax the federal government.

*Marbury v. Madison

*1st case the Supreme Court voted unconstitutional.*Showing how the Congress could be kept

in check.*Meant to stop the appointment of

“Midnight Judges” that followed federalists views.

*Early Years of Republic*More Americans became involved in the

political system.*States began changing their laws in the in

the early 1800s.*Some dropped requirements, such as

being a taxpayer or renouncing Catholicism allowing for more voters.*More than one million voted in the 1828

election.

*Early Years of Republic*Woman and other minorities had no voting

rights.*The political system was expanding to

include lower class men and those with different beliefs.*By 1836, all but one state (Couth Carolina)

switched from representative elections to popular vote.*Representatives no longer elected by

secret meetings of politicians.*President Andrew Jackson imposed routine

officials changes, meaning there would be less corruption.

*1.4 The Road to Disunion

*Think/Pair/Share*How do you think a book could start a

war? Was Lincoln exaggerating the effect of Stowe’s book?*What tensions between the North and the

South are revealed in this excerpt from Uncle Tom’s Cabin?*Why do you think the nation’s leaders

were unable to resolve these tensions?

*Disagreements Divide*By 1860, the political, economic, and philosophical

differences divided the Nation.*To encourage Northern growth, high tariffs on imported

goods were placed.*The rise in price of imported goods forced the South into

economic Chaos.*Compromise of 1828 (also known as “Tariff of

Abomination”), resulted in the South loosing income.*On the brink of war Congress voted to lower the tariff.

*Nullification Crisis*In 1833 the U.S. narrowly avoided a

civil war over the Compromise of 1828.*John C. Calhoun argued that state

had the right to nullify a federal law it deemed unconstitutional.*Congress worked on another

Compromise, but South Carolina voted to nullify it.*President Andrew Jackson dispatched

the army to enforce the tariff.

*More Nullification Crisis

*The issue of states rights also included slavery.*Most agreed that the Constitution

protected it where it already existed.*Abolitionists disagreed and Congress

imposed the Missouri Compromise allowing slavery in new states across the former Louisiana Purchase line.*It remained intact for 30 years.

*Keeping the Balance*California became part of the U.S. after

the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and wanted to be a free state.*California not part of the Louisiana

Purchase and so the Missouri Compromise did not apply.*Congress admitted it as a free state and

also gave Utah and New Mexico the right to Popular Sovereignty.*Fugitive Slave Act was also passed,

making it illegal to assist runaway slaves.

*Bleeding Kansas

*The truce was short lived as Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act granting them Popular Sovereignty.*Violent proslavery and

antislavery advocates flooded Kansas leading to some 200 deaths.

*Political Reorganization

*1854 saw the Old Whig party fall apart over the slavery issue.*The Democratic Party split

into Southern and Northern Democrats.*Northern Democrats

known as “free-soilers” ultimately formed the Republican Party.

*Dred Scott v. Sanford*Supreme Court ruled that

slaves were property and not citizens.*Not entitled to rights

guaranteed by the Constitution.*The ruling also said that

Congress could not restrict what people do with their property, thus by nullifying the Missouri Compromise and meant slavery could spread into new territories.

*Lincoln Douglas Debates*Speeches about slavery

put Lincoln on the political map and gave him much needed respect in the North.*Lincoln ultimately lost

the election to the Senate to Douglas, but the momentum carried into the Presidential elections two years later.

*Harpers Ferry Rebellion

*In 1859, John Brown an abolitionist attempted to start a slave rebellion.*Succeeded in taking over

the arsenal, but was quickly arrested by Marine Colonel Robert E. Lee.*Tried for treason and

hanged.