1 XML and the e-GIF Paul Miller Interoperability Focus UK Office for Library & Information Networking (UKOLN) [email protected]http:// www.ukoln.ac.uk/ UKOLN is funded by Resource: the Council for Museums, Archives and Libraries, the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the Further and Higher Education Funding Councils, as well as by project funding from JISC and the EU. UKOLN also receives support from the Universities of Bath and Hull where staff are based.
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1 XML and the e-GIF Paul Miller Interoperability Focus UK Office for Library & Information Networking (U KOLN ) [email protected]
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XML and the e-GIF
Paul Miller
Interoperability FocusUK Office for Library & Information Networking (UKOLN)
UKOLN is funded by Resource: the Council for Museums, Archives and Libraries, the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the Further and Higher Education Funding Councils, as well as by project funding from JISC and the EU. UKOLN also receives support from the Universities of Bath and Hull where staff are based.
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Some context…
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UK Government
• 100% of government services available online by 2005• e–Envoy ensures compliance• Focus upon services• Focus upon the citizen• Focus upon the Joined Up approach• Recognition of multi–channel architecture
• UK currently eighth globally, but strong belief that the framework now established will serve to support 1st class services.
See www.accenture.com/xd/xd.asp?it=enWeb&xd=Industries\Government\gove_study.xml
See www.accenture.com/xd/xd.asp?it=enWeb&xd=Industries\Government\gove_study.xml
See www.e-envoy.gov.uk/See www.e-envoy.gov.uk/
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Focus on services
• Deliver services to the citizen• Services rather than resources
– ‘transactional’ web sites
• Not just about finding documents on a web site
• Change of address pilot now (quietly!) live;–https://www.addressingthechange.com–www.ihavemoved.com/–www.simplymove.co.uk/.
See www.iagchampions.gov.uk/portals/address.pdfSee www.iagchampions.gov.uk/portals/address.pdf
See www.gateway.gov.uk/See www.gateway.gov.uk/
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Focus on the Citizen
• Move away from the ‘silo mentality’• Citizens need/want access
to information/services/resources– These exist in different parts of local and
national government, organised according to internal needs or procedures, and packaged according to particular house styles and conventions
– None of which helps the citizen who just wants a new wheely bin
See www.ukonline.gov.uk/See www.ukonline.gov.uk/
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Recognise a multi–channel future
• The web is not the only game in town…• Mobile phones/ WAP/ 3G• PDAs• Digital TV• Telephone call centres• One stop shop drop–in centres• High street information kiosks• The Post Office• Banks• Traditional access mechanisms
• So… create content once for largely automated repackaging and repurposing• XML Schema/ XSL, etc… .
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The e–GIF
• e–Government Interoperability Framework• Technical standards and policies at the heart
of e–Government• Conformance is mandatory across the Public
Sector• Adoption of Internet and Web standards across
government• XML/XSL, plus government–specific schemas
• Change of Address service, for example, utilises XML Schemas to pass details between participants.
See www.govtalk.gov.uk/See www.govtalk.gov.uk/
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Metadata Framework
• Mandates the Dublin Core• Some elements are made mandatory• Probably adds Audience from AGLS, plus UK
elements Disposal, Location, Preservation• Endorses many of the recently approved DC
Qualifiers• Framework formally announced in Parliament
last week...• Detail to follow
• All will become mandatory.
See www.govtalk.gov.uk/egif/home.htmlSee www.govtalk.gov.uk/egif/home.html
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Some terms…
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What is HTML ?
• HyperText Markup Language• World Wide Web Consortium
recommendation (currently at version 4.01)• Simplified subset of SGML for use on Web• Widely deployed and understood• Difficult to extend• Supported by major vendors, mostly• Technically superseded by XHTML now….
• eXtensible Markup Language• World Wide Web Consortium
recommendation• Simplified subset of SGML for use on Web• Addresses HTML’s lack of evolvability• Easily extended• Supported by major vendors• Increasingly used as a transfer syntax, but
capable of far more….
See www.w3.org/XML/See www.w3.org/XML/
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XML Features
• Extensible• Stricter than HTML on some rules
• Therefore less ambiguous
• Case Sensitive• Notions of ‘well–formed’ and ‘valid’
• A well formed document obeys the rules of XML
• A valid document further obeys the constraints of an associated DTD or equivalent.
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What is XHTML ?
• XHTML 1.0• An expression of HTML 4.01 in XML• The current W3C recommendation for
creating web documents
• XHTML 1.1• A strict expression of HTML 4.01 in
XML– Layout tagging removed altogether– Constructed in a modular fashion