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1. WORD Formation
2. from Greek - (no-), meaning "new", and (lgos), meaning
"speech, utterance") is a newly coined term, word, or phrase, that
may be in the process of entering common use, but has not yet been
accepted into mainstream language. Neologisms are often directly
attributable to a specific person, publication, period, or event.
NEOLOGISM
3. The study of origin and history of words. Derived from the
Greek word etymon which means original form + logia which means
study of . Example : Etymology of the Word God: The root-meaning of
the name (from Gothic root gheu; Sanskrit hub or emu, "to invoke or
to sacrifice to") is either "the one invoked" or "the one
sacrificed to." ETYMOLOGY
4. The invention of totally new terms(usually without capital
letters). The least common processes of word formation. Examples :
aspirin, nylon, vaseline, zipper and xerox. COINAGE
5. Google is a misspelling for the word googol. It became the
name of the company Google which become a widely used expression
meaning to used the internet to find information. New words based
on the name of a person or a place is called eponyms. Examples :
hoover, spangler, sandwich, jeans, fahrenheit, volt and watt.
6. One of the most common sources of new words in English. The
process of taking over words from other languages. BORROWING
7. Examples : croissant(French), dope(Dutch), lilac(Persian),
piano(Italian), pretzel(German), sofa(Arabic), tattoo(Tahitian),
tycoon(Japanese), yogurt(Turkish) and zebra(Bantu). Japanese use a
suupaa or suupaamaaketto (supermarket) and taipuraitaa
(typewriter).
8. Is a special type of borrowing. In this process, there is a
direct translation of the elements of the word into the borrowing
language. Word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal,
word-for-word or root-for-root translation. CALQUE OR LOAN-
TRANSLATION
9. Examples : English (skyscraper) French term gratte-ciel
(scrape-sky) Dutch wolkenkrabber (cloud scratcher) German
Wolkenkratzer(cloud scraper).
10. Combining two different words with different meaning that
will result to a new word with one meaning. Examples : Pill + box =
pillbox Under + ground = underground High + way = highway Kill +
joy = killjoy Earth + quake = earthquake COMPOUNDING
12. The combination of two different forms to produce a single
new term or joining parts of two or more words. It is typically
accomplished by taking only the beginning of one word and joining
it to the end of the other word. Combining two different words to
produce a new form by fusion. BLENDING
13. In USA, a word gasoline but is made from alcohol, so the
blended word referring to this word is gasohol smoke and fog = smog
breakfast/lunch = brunch information/entertainment = infotainment
fact and fiction = faction Bat and mash = bash EXAMPLES:
14. Compounding is the combination of two words with different
meaning to produce a new one. Blending is combining the first and
last word of a two different terms. The terms combined has the
connection with each other. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPOUNDING AND
BLENDING
15. A process in which the element of reduction that is
noticeable in blending is even more apparent. Occurs when a word of
more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form, usually in
casual form. Examples : chemistry chem examination exam gymnasium
gym Emmanuel Emman CLIPPING
16. Hypocorisms is the process in which a longer word is
reduced to a single syllable, then y or ie is added to the end.
Examples : moving pictures - movie barbecue - barbie television -
telly Cookie , sweetie , sugarpie
17. A very specialized type of reduction process. A word of one
type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of another
type(usually a verb). Examples : television televise donation -
donate emotion - emote babysitter -baby sit BACKFORMATION
18. Backformed verbs in English is based on the common pattern.
The assumption seemed to have been that if there is a noun ending
in er (or something close in sound), then we can create a verb for
what that noun er does. Examples : burglars will burgle editor will
edit peddlers will peddle worker will work
19. Conversion, also called zero derivation, is a kind of word
formation; specifically, it is the creation of a word (of a new
word class) from an existing word (of a different word class)
without any change in form. It is a change in a function of a word,
as for example : Noun comes to be used as a Verb Verb comes to be
used as a Noun Verb comes to be used as an Adjective Adjective
comes to be used as Verb Adjective comes to be used as a Noun
CONVERSION
20. bottle - We bottled the home-brew last night. butter - Have
you buttered the toast? chair - Someone has to chair the meeting.
vacation - Theyre vacationing in Florida. NOUNS AS VERBS
21. Guess a guess Spy a spy Must a must Phrasal verbs To
printout a printout To takeover a take over VERBS AS NOUNS
22. Stand-up stand up comedian See see through VERBS AS
ADJECTIVES
23. Dirty floor to dirty An empty room to empty ADJECTIVES AS
VERBS
24. Some crazy ideas a crazy Those nasty people the nasty
ADJECTIVES AS NOUNS
25. New words formed from the initial letters of a set of other
words. The pronunciation consist of saying each separate letter.
Examples : CD- compact disk DVD- digital versatile disk RAM- read
access memory ROM read only memory WAR women against rape
ACRONYMS
26. Some acronyms came into general use so quickly that some
speakers do not think of their component meanings. Example: ATM
automatic teller machine PIN- personal identification number I
sometimes forget my PIN number when I go to ATM machine.
27. The most common formation process to be found in the
production of new English words. It is accomplished by means of a
large number by means of a large number of small bits of the
English language which are not usually given separate listings in
the dictionaries. These small bits are generally described as
affixes. It is derived from or having a root word. DERIVATION
28. un- mis- pre- -ful -less -ish -ism -ness Unhappy Mistrust
Prejudge Joyful Careless Childish Terrorism sadness Affixes Use in
word SOME FAMILIAR EXAMPLES ARE :
29. Prefixes are affixes have to be added to the beginning of
the word. Examples : un-, pre- and mis- Suffixes are affixes have
to be added to the end of the word. Examples : -less, -ish and ism
Disrespectful both prefix and suffixes. Foolishness has two
suffixes. Retake has prefix. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
30. It is an affix that is incorporated inside another word. It
is possible to see the general principle at work in certain
expressions , occasionally used in fortuitous or aggravating
circumstances by emotionally aroused English speakers. Examples :
Unfuckinbelievable INFIXES
31. It is the case in which two or more processes are involved
in forming a neologism. For example carphone is a new form in which
telephone is shortened to phone (clipping) and then it is combined
with car (compounding). MULTIPLE PROCESSES
32. Identify the processes involved in the creation of the
following forms. 1. I just got a new car-phone. 2. James wants to
be a footballer. 3. The negotiators blueprinted a new peace
proposal. ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
33. Identify the type of word formation. ENRICHMENT
ACTIVITY
34. Footobooru(Japanese) football (English) Luna de miel
(Spanish moon of honey) - honeymoon (English) Thats really
fandamntastic! When Im ill I want to see a doc, not a vet. ?
35. Carelessness Unfaithful Terrorism Prepackaged Reincarnation
IDENTIFY THE PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN THESE WORDS
36. 1.How much RAM do you have? 2.Your friend Jason is Such a
techie! 3.Were paying too much attention to Bloggers. 4.You should
bookmark that site. DESCRIBE THE WORD-FORMATION PROCESSES
INVOLVED