1 Web Server Administration The Basics of Server and Web Server Administration.

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Web Server Administration

The Basics of Server and Web Server Administration

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Overview

Review the Internet and the World Wide Web Learn about server administration Learn about Web server administration Explore the common tasks and services

performed by administrators Examine networking building blocks Compare Web server platforms

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Overview

Server Administrator

Protection Access ServicesProvide Services

Setup Environment

Web Server

Mail Server

DNS(Server

Environment)FTP

Development Environment

DBMS

User Support

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Understanding Server Administration Server administrators

Focus on the LAN Provide access to software and services Make sure environment is reliable and

consistent Protection of system and database

Minimize harm that users can do to network Access control

Focuses on the LAN and interacts with users

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Working with Users

A LAN can server hundreds or even thousands of users

Users need to be productive Reliable environment and equipments

Users like consistency Roaming profiles allow users to have the

same personalized desktop environment on multiple computers

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Establishing Access Control

Users need just enough access to do their jobs, but not more Protecting information

Typically, users are organized into groups, and groups are given access to network resources User groups as students or faculty

Users can be given different access to the same resources A document can be read by everyone but modified by

only specific people

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Understanding the Server Environment Networks may have one or more servers With Windows OS computers, servers, and users’

computers can be organized into domains in order to centralize the control

In Windows server 2000 and Windows server 2003, domains can be grouped into forests

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Understanding Web server Administration

Web server administrators focus on the Internet Need to work with ISPs and Web page developers

(Internet Service Provider) Typically, a Web server provides information to

anyone who requests it over the Internet Web servers can contain other applications

FTP and e-mail

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Understanding Web server Administration Depending on the size of the organization,

some tasks may be delegated Web page development Database design Programming E-mail administration Security

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Selecting Programs and Databases

Web server administrators need to install programming languages

Web developers use a variety of languages developed by Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP)

Original language from Microsoft ASP.Net

A newer environment that includes many languages

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Selecting Programs and Databases

Non-Microsoft languages are popular, even on Microsoft Web servers Perl – one of the first and still popular

Text-based PHP – easy to use

Personal Home Page Java Server Pages (JSP)

Uses Java – Dynamic web page design Macromedia ColdFusion

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Selecting Programs and Databases A database management system (DBMS) is used to store data

used with Web pages Database software is critical to

the central concept of a database (collection of records) categorized according to the data model that they support:

relational, object-relational, network, and so on How to query and access the database

Popular software DBMS packages Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL are

sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites Standard Query Language (SQL) is the language used to

communicate with the DBMS

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Managing E-mail Servers

E-mail is an application provided by the email server Open by design to accept e-mail from anyone Spam can be a problem to manage

Specific utilities can be used to help minimize spam Viruses are commonly sent by e-mail

Use virus detection software and keep it updated

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Other Applications

Firewall Helps protect your Web server environment from

attack FTP

File Transfer Protocol A service that allows users to download files from and

upload files to a server DNS

Domain Name Service Translates host names such as www.technowidgets.com to an IP address

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Administrators' Common Tasks and Services Installing and configuring systems Maintaining security Monitoring the system Maintenance and backup

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Web Servers and Networks

Web servers are accessed through the Internet Internet is a giant Network We use OSI and TCP/IP modes to understand network

communication The basic idea is to divide different tasks performed at the

network level OSI: Open Source Interconnection TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

What is a Protocol? Set of communication rules

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Network Building Blocks-The OSI Model

Layer Name Description

7 Application Responsible for low-level application access to the network.

6 Presentation Can convert data into a format that is understandable to the Application layer.

5 Session Can open, maintain, and shut down communication.

4 Transport Responsible for transporting the data from one computer to another. (TCP and UDP)

3 Network Primarily responsible for addressing between two computers. (IP and ICMP)

2 Data Link Responsible for the interface between the packets coming down through the upper layers and the physical layer.

1 Physical Responsible for transferring the data to the network medium.

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TCP/IP Model

LayerName

CommonComponents

OSI Reference

Application HTTP, SMTP, POP3FTP, DNS

ApplicationPresentationSession

Transport TCP, UDP Transport

Network IP, ICMP Network

Physical Ethernet, FDDI Data LinkPhysical

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TCP/IP Application Protocols

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Web servers implement this protocol Web servers use HTTP to communicate

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Used by e-mail servers (and sometimes Web

servers) to send e-mail Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)

Used to retrieve e-mail

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TCP/IP Protocols

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Transfers files to and from server

Domain Name Service (DNS) Translates host names to IP addresses and IP

addresses to host names Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Creates a reliable connection between two computers

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TCP/IP Protocols

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Does not establish a connection, just sends messages No retransmission, hence, faster

Internet Protocol (IP) Provides addressing scheme

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Provides error messages