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Web Server Administration Chapter 6 Configuring a Web Server
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Web Server Administration

Feb 25, 2016

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Web Server Administration. Chapter 6 Configuring a Web Server. Overview. Understand how a Web server works Install IIS and Apache Web servers Examine the IIS and Apache properties Host multiple Web sites Configure new Web sites in IIS and Apache Understand virtual directories. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: Web Server Administration

Web Server Administration

Chapter 6Configuring a Web Server

Page 2: Web Server Administration

Overview Understand how a Web server works Install IIS and Apache Web servers Examine the IIS and Apache properties Host multiple Web sites Configure new Web sites in IIS and

Apache Understand virtual directories

Page 3: Web Server Administration

How a Web Server Works HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) defines

how information is passed between a browser and a Web server

The two most popular Web servers are Apache from Apache Software Foundation Internet Information Services (IIS) from

Microsoft The original Web server from Microsoft available on

Windows NT was Internet Information Server Almost two-thirds of all Web servers use

Apache

Page 4: Web Server Administration

How a Web Server Works As is true with other servers such as

DNS, Web servers listen for communication at a port The default port is 80 You can also create Web servers at port

numbers greater than 1023* Each Web server has a root, which is

where you store the HTML documents

Page 5: Web Server Administration

Understanding HTTP The current version of HTTP is 1.1

Virtually no browsers are so old that they do not support 1.1

HTTP is a stateless protocol, meaning that each Web page sent is independent of every other Web page sent This makes it more challenging to

create a shopping cart application

Page 6: Web Server Administration

Understanding HTTP HTTP 1.1 supports persistent

connections This allows the browser to receive

multiple files in one TCP connection This can speed up communication Although you see a single page in

your browser, it can be composed of many text and image files

Page 7: Web Server Administration

Understanding HTTP When the browser sends a request to a

Web server, it looks like:GET /hello.htm HTTP/1.1Host: www.technowidgets.com The above requests the hello.htm file from

the root of the Web server It specifies the host of

www.technowidgets.com There could be multiple hosts at the IP address

Page 8: Web Server Administration

Understanding HTTP The following shows some of the

headers along with the HTML that the Web server would send:

HTTP/1.1 200 OKServer: Microsoft-IIS/5.0Content-Type: text/htmlLast-Modified: Fri, 17 May 2005 18:21:25 GMTContent-Length: 43<html><body>Hello, World</body></html> The headers contain information about

the page

Page 9: Web Server Administration

Features in Apache Apache 1.3 was used for many years but

version 2.0 was released in 2001 Apache can also be used as a proxy server

A proxy server isolates your real Web server from the Internet

Apache 2.0 has Better support for Windows Support for IPv6 Simplified configuration Unicode support in Windows Multilanguage error responses

Apache supports many programming languages such as Perl and PHP

Page 10: Web Server Administration

Features in IIS IIS versions associated with

Windows versions Windows NT – IIS 4.0 Windows 2000 – IIS 5.0 Windows Server 2003 – IIS 6.0

SMTP can be easily added so you can send e-mail from your Web pages

Page 11: Web Server Administration

Features in IIS 5.0 Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning

(WebDAV) Allows a server to share Web-based files

Named virtual hosting Multiple Web sites can share a single IP

address Per Web site bandwidth throttling

Control bandwidth by Web site Kerberos authentication Secure Sockets Layer 3.0

Encrypted communication

Page 12: Web Server Administration

Features in IIS 6.0 Increased security

Default permits only HTML documents Expanded language support

Can use XML and SOAP Support for IPv6 Increased dependability

Kernel-mode HTTP service Self-healing mechanism

Page 13: Web Server Administration

Components in IIS File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server

To transfer files between user and server FrontPage 2000 Server Extensions

Used by programs to transfer files to and from a Web site

NNTP Service Used to create user forums

SMTP Service World Wide Web Server

Page 14: Web Server Administration

Installing Apache Apache can be installed when you

install Linux It is also on Red Hat CD 2 If you install it from the Red Hat CD, the

directories will be consistent with other server applications

If you download it from the Apache Web site, you have to compile it and install it

Page 15: Web Server Administration

Starting Apache By default, Apache does not start after

you install it The following table has a list of commands

Procedure Command Start Apache apachectl start

Stop Apache apachectl stop

Restart Apache apachectl restart

Page 16: Web Server Administration

Minimal Apache Configuration Add a ServerName in

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Add apachectl start to

/etc/rc.d/rc.local

Page 17: Web Server Administration

Default Web Site Properties in IIS

Page 18: Web Server Administration

Tabs on the Default Web Site Properties Dialog Box Operators (Windows 2000) only

This property lists users who can administer Web site

Performance Limit bandwidth by Web site Limit simultaneous connections (Windows 2003)

ISAPI Filters Specify applications that process HTTP requests

Page 19: Web Server Administration

Tabs on the Default Web Site Properties Dialog Box Home Directory

Specifies the location and properties of the root

Log information here Permissions

Documents Configure the name for default Web pages

HTTP Headers Add your own custom headers

Custom Errors Create custom pages for HTTP errors

Page 20: Web Server Administration

Apache Properties-Global Environment ServerRoot

Directory location of server files KeepAlive

Indicates whether Apache should maintain a persistent connection

Listen Determines the port number for the

server Default is 80

Page 21: Web Server Administration

Apache Properties-Main Server Configuration User

Shows the user name that Apache employs when someone requests a Web page

The default is apache ServerAdmin

E-mail address of administrator ServerName

DNS host name or IP address of server DocumentRoot

Directory where the Web pages are stored

Page 22: Web Server Administration

Hosting Multiple Web Sitesby Port Number Associate each new Web site with a

port above 1023 To retrieve a Web page from a site at

port 8080 www.technowidgets.com:8080/prod.htm

Because it requires a user to add the port number, it is not a popular method

Page 23: Web Server Administration

Hosting Multiple Web Sitesby IP Address You can create multiple IP addresses on

a single NIC Referred to as virtual IP addresses

Useful for flexibility because if each domain has its own unique IP address, you can easily move the domain to a different Web server

It is getting more expensive to get multiple IP addresses from an ISP

Page 24: Web Server Administration

Hosting Multiple Web Sitesby Host Name

Multiple host names can be associated with a single IP address

Getting a single IP address from your ISP is relatively inexpensive

You can host an almost unlimited number of domains with a single IP address

It is the most common method of hosting

Page 25: Web Server Administration

Configuring a Virtual Host Based on an IP Address in Apache In /etc/rc.d/rc.local, add an IP

address such as: /bin/ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.0.150

In the Virtual Host section of httpd.conf

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.150>ServerName research.technowidgets.comDocumentRoot /var/www/research</VirtualHost>

Page 26: Web Server Administration

Configuring a Virtual Host Based on a Host Name in Apache NameVirtualHost defines the common IP address Multiple configurations repeat the same IP

address and define unique ServerName settingsNameVirtualHost 192.168.0.100 <VirtualHost 192.168.0.100>ServerName www.technowidgets.com

DocumentRoot /var/www/html</VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 192.168.0.100>ServerName web1.technowidgets.comDocumentRoot /var/www/web1</VirtualHost>

Page 27: Web Server Administration

Configuring a Virtual Directory in Apache The following associates the virtual

directory called prod with the location of the directory

Alias /prod/ “/var/www/prod/” Then it configures the directory<Directory “/var/www/prod”>

AllowOverride None Order allow, deny Allow from all

</Directory>

Page 28: Web Server Administration

Summary Web servers use HTTP to send HTML

documents IIS is from Microsoft while Apache is

from Apache Software Foundation IIS modifications are made through

property pages Apache modifications are typically

made by changing /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Page 29: Web Server Administration

Summary You can create multiple Web sites

on a single computer by adding port numbers, IP addresses, and/or host names

Virtual directories are directories that appear to be located beneath the root, yet are physically located elsewhere