1 UDC Inspector Seminar 2007 Understanding Manufactured Home Installation Standards.

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UDC Inspector Seminar

2007 Understanding

Manufactured Home Installation Standards

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Presenter – Ross KinzlerExecutive Director of Wisconsin Housing

Alliance

Presenter – Mike Zenner

Inspection Services

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Ross KinzlerWith MH industry since 1989

Chief lobbyist for the industry

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Mike ZennerOver 35 years of manufactured housing

experienceWick Quality ControlCurrently – Inspection ServicesAC inspections under the HUD CodeUDC Construction and other creditials

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What we’re going to learnBasics of the HUD Code

Installation standard for existing homes

New HUD Installation Standard

New licensing law for installers

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What’s in your book? Key to the Code Did you know? Commerce contacts Web links Older home installation standard info Licensing info New installation standard Resources

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What’s What

Home is covered by HUD Code which preempts state and local law

New installation standards preempt local ordinances just like the UDC

Pier installation standards are now a part of the UDC

Watch out for places where codes interface

Understanding the HUD Code

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What is the TimelineSept to March – training installers

Jan 1 –licensing in effect

Jan to April – training inspectors

April 1 – new code effective and inspections begin

Inspectors may not be employees of home manufacturer, a salesperson involved in the sale or an installer involved with the particular home

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Critical WebsitesSee page 6

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LicensingTrigger is installing a home on a foundation

Anchoring – no Grading – no Excavation – no Pouring basement – no

The person supervising the home going on the foundation - yes

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LicensingGeneral supervision – the installer does not

need to be on the job site

Homeowner is exempt from licensing but if people help and would otherwise need a license they must be licensed

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Licensing of InstallersQualifications18 years oldNot been found responsible in any court or agency

hearing of a violation of the installation law during prior 2 years

Not been found responsible in any court or agency hearing for failure to perform under installation contract or defrauding a person in the provision of installation services

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Application for Installers License$100 license fee plus one time $10 application

fee for 4 year license

Take 12 hour qualifying class & pass exam Unless application made by June 1 Have installed 10 or more

homes personally

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RenewalRenewal requires 12 hours of continuing

education over the 4 year period

Also must not have been found responsible for breaking the rule or defrauding a customer

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Wisconsin Installation StandardAct 45 authorized Commerce to adopt standard

Manufactured Housing Code Council - recommended rule adopted draft federal rule

Council is attached to the Dept of Commerce

Published in Administrative Register

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Comm 21.40Formerly Comm 27.18

Now a part of the UDC

Applies to homes built before April 1, 2007

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Comm 21.40 No footing on unprepared fill. All organic

matter must be removed. Soil bearing test using pocket penetrometer Grade site to drain water away for minimum

of 5 ft from home A footing for every pier, nominal 16” by 16” Consult others if soil is less than 2000 psi

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Comm 21.40 Footings A. one 4 by 16 by 16 solid blocks or two 4 by

8 by 16 solid blocks. B. 16 by 16 ABS pad rated at not less than

6000 lbs C. 18 inch diameter hole bored below the

frost line or to unfractured bedrock and filled with poured concrete

D. Other materials or systems approved by Commerce

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Comm 21.40 Piers Concrete blocks, manufactured steel stands

or manufactured concrete stands Single stack piers limited to 36 inches Single stack piers loads limited to 8,000 lbs 36 to 80 inch piers – double blocked (layered

in opposing layers) 80 inch or more – double blocked laid in

concrete mortar, cores filled with mortar and ½ inch steel reinforcing rod

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Comm 21.40 Concrete Blocks 2 core design, construction grade 8x8x16 Cores placed with cores open vertically Block nearest main frame shall be

perpendicular to the linear direction of frame No block may contact the frame

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Comm 21.40 – Pier Spacing No more than 7 feet on center No more than 3 feet from exterior side of

each end wall Can be varied to follow manufacturer tables Piers under clear-span openings of 4 feet or

more in mating walls Piers must be plumb and centered under

point of support

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Comm 21.40 - Caps Solid concrete block or solid wood block

having nominal thickness of at least 2 inches Cap must be same width and length as top

of pier No more than 2 pieces – 2 piece caps

positioned with joint perpendicular to frame if used

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Comm 21.40 - Shims Where used, driven from opposing sides

and be no less than 4” by 8” Wood caps and shims at least equal to #2

spruce pine fir with min bending stress rating of 1200 psi. All wood caps must be of same species of wood. All shims must be of same species of wood.

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Comm 21.40 – Height limits Combination of nominal 2 inch solid concrete

block or wood cap plus shims must not exceed 3 ½ inches

Minimum clearance under home of 12 inches between lowest point of main frame in area of utility connections. Min clearance of 12 inches for 75% of home. Remainder may be less than 12 inches but cannot touch ground

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Federal Installation StandardMHCC recommended rule

HUD Secretary published rule for comment

HUD Secretary published proposed final rule

OMB Review completed

Awaiting final publication (November??)

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The Standards

3280 – HUD Construction Standards for the home

3285 – HUD Model Installation Standards VERY IMPORTANT (means will be on test)

The following must be AT LEAST AS STRINGENT as the federal model State Standards Manufacturer Manuals

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HUD Code DevelopmentManufactured Home Consensus Committee

approves standards

Secretary of HUD submits for public comment

Secretary of HUD issues final rule following OMB input (White House)

Rule is published in Federal Register

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Understanding Part 3285Use the Blue and Red Cheat Sheet

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DefinitionsWords have meaning so read them carefully –

see 3285.5

A manufacturer must provide with each new home a DAPIA approved designs and instructions that are consistent with the standards – 3285.2

DAPIA – means Design Approval Primary Inspection Agency

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Variations by InstallerIf you vary support and anchorage from the

manufacturer’s instructions, the installer must obtain site-specific instructions from the (1) manufacturer or (2) a registered professional engineer or (3) registered architect. 3285.2(b)

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Temporary Storage

The manufacturer’s instructions must provide at least one method for temporarily supporting each section to prevent structural damage when those sections are sited at the plant, retailer’s lot or home site. 3285.2(c)

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Reference publicationsSome to remember

ASTM – American Society for Testing & Materials

NFPA – National Fire Protection Assn

FEMA – Federal Emergency Management Agency

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ApplicationThese standards apply to HUD Code

manufactured Homes not modulars.

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Fire SeparationFire separation distances in accord with

NFPA 501(a) must be maintained. Means 10 feet

Fire separation distance must also comply with Comm 26 in a mobile home park (10 feet between basic structures)

Local ordinances might have additional requirements

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Flood ZonesInstaller is responsible to determine if home is

being installed in flood zone. 3285.102(c)

If it is, special installation methods are required.

Also note Shoreland zoning implications

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Zone Maps3 maps in the HUD Code

Wind – Wisconsin in Zone 1 Roof Load – Wisconsin is South and Middle

Zones Thermal Zone – Wisconsin is Zone 3

U/O value must be less than 0.079 U/O is inverse of R value 0.079 = R 12.6

Homes may not be installed in a wind zone that exceeds the design load for the home.

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Site PreparationSoil Mechanics Soil tests can be conducted with a pocket penetrometerFootings must be sized and spaced according to soil

bearing capacityAlso see the tables in 3285.202Poor soils – peat, organic clays or uncompacted fill

require a geologist, engineer or architect’s opinion

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Site DrainageDrainage must provided to direct surface water

away from home and prevent build up under home.

Minimum slope of ½ inch per foot for the first 10 feet

Where site is sloped, home must be protected from surface runoff

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Crown and Grade Site

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Gutters and DownspoutsManufacturer must specific if the home is

designed for them

When installed, runoff must be directed away from the home

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Ground Moisture Control

Vapor barrier must be installed except in arid regionsMin. 6 mill poly or equivalentOverlap 12 inches and sealBarrier may be under, over or around footingsVoids and tears must be repaired

3285.204

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Ground Moisture Control

1 pint of water vapor is generated in 24 hours

@ 55 degrees under 10 sq. ft of floor area. 1500 sq ft home then equals 150 pints of water. That’s 16-19 gallons of water

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Foundations - PiersConcrete blocks – Must conform to ASTM

standard C 90-02

Pressure treated wood – think pilings

Adjustable metal - Manufactured piers must be labeled or listed for loads and installed to the pier manufacturer’s instructions

Listed means approved for use

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Pier loadsMust be designed with load taken into

consideration

Spacing is dependant on factors such as soil bearing capacity and foot size

See tables at 3285.303

Pier spacing tables do not taken into consideration flood or seismic loads see an engineer or architect

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Pier ConfigurationLoad bearing blocks not decorative

Nominal 8 by 8 by 16 inches

Stacked with hollow cores aligned vertically

When stacked side by side, each layer at right angles to preceding one

Center beam/mating line supports are always required for multi-section homes

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Caps

Must evenly distribute loads across the capped hollow block piers

May be made of solid concrete or masonry at least 4 inches nominal thickness OR hardwood lumber at least 2 inches thick OR corrosion protected min ½ inch thick steel or other listed materials

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CapsMust be same length and width as piers

Split caps on double stacked piers must be installed with long dimension across the joint in blocks below

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Gaps Must be filled with one of these methods

Nominal 4 by 6 by 1 inch shimsa. Must be used in pairs

b. Driven tightly

c. Must not occupy more than 1 inch of vertical space

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Manufactured PiersAdjustable risers must not extend more than 2

inches when finally positioned

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Clearance under HomeMinimum of 12 inches between lowest member of main

frame and grade under all areas of the home

Comm 21.40 for older homes is

A minimum clearance of 12 inches shall be maintained beneath the lowest point of the main frame in the area of any utility connection. A minimum clearance of 12 inches shall also be maintained under the home for at least 75% of the home. The remainder of the home may be less than 12 inches above the ground but may not touch the ground.

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Less than 36” PiersPermitted to constructed of open or closed

cell 8 by 8 by 16 when capacity of block is not exceeded

Long sides are at right angles to supported I-beam

Hollow cores stacked vertically and at right angles to the footings

Horizontal offsets from top to bottom not to exceed ½ inch

No mortar unless instructions require

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Piers 36 to 67” and Corner PiersAll frame piers 36 to 67” high and all corner

piers over 3 block high must be double blocked

No mortar unless instructions require

Horizontal offsets not to exceed 1”

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Piers over 67”Must be designed by registered professional

engineer or registered architect

Mortar not required unless specified

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Perimeter support piersPiers at mate-line supports, perimeter piers,

and piers at exterior wall openings can be single open-cell or closed cell blocks to a maximum height of 54 inches

Must be installed with the long dimension parallel to perimeter rail

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Pier Support LocationsNo more than 24 inches from both ends of

frame

No more than 120 inches center to center under the main I beam

Mating line, marriage wall line, ridge beam all mean the point where sections join and they require support – Be alert to extreme weight considerations in these locations!

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Perimeter Support LocationsBoth sides of any exterior door

Any side wall opening of 48 inches or more

Under any load-bearing porch posts, factory installed fireplaces and wood stoves 3285.311

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Alternative to Perimeter SupportsIf additional floor joists or outriggers are

providing perimeter support, the sizing of piers and footers under the main chassis beam must be adjusted.

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FootingsMust be located on undisturbed soil or fill

compacted to 90% of maximum relative density

A footing for every pier

Footing size depends on the load bearing capacity of soil, footings and piers

3285.312

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Footing TypesConcrete types

4 inch nominal pre-cast pads meeting ASTM C 90-02 with 28 day compressive strength of 1,200 psi

6-inch minimum poured in place concrete pads, slabs or ribbons with at least 28 day compressive strength of 3,000 psi

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Footing TypesPressure-treated wood

Minimum 2 layers of nominal 2 inch thick pressure treated wood

Single layer of nominal ¾ inch pressure treated plywood with a max size of 16 by 16 (must be rated exposure 1 or exterior sheathing PS-1-95 rated

Cut ends must be field treated

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Footing TypesABS footing pads

Installed according to pad manufacturer instructions and certified for use in soil classification at the site

Must be listed for required load capacity

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Frost ProtectionFootings must be designed using methods and practices

that prevent the effects of frost heave by:

1. Conventional below the frost line footing

2. Monolithic slab above frost line – must be designed by registered engineer or architect

3. Insulated foundation system above frost line - must be designed by registered engineer or architect

Frost line is 48 inches statewide as set by Commerce

3285.312

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Footing Sizing Table

How to use the tables

Use soil bearing capacity to determine size and thickness needed

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AnchorageAfter blocking and leveling, the manufactured home

must be secured against the wind by an anchoring system

Anchoring equipment means ties, straps, cables, turnbuckles, chains and other approved components including tensioning devices that are used to secure a manufactured home to anchor assemblies.

Conventional anchors or alternative foundation system (Tie Down or Oliver Technologies type systems)

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Tie Down Engineering Vector System

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Vector System with Longitudinal Support

Note base plate and longitudinal support

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AnchorageThe anchors must be capable of meeting the

loads the home was designed to withstand – see data plate

Follow the anchor company’s instructions for spacing, angles, connections and so forth

Install anchors to their FULL depthA diagonal anchor tie is intended to resist

horizontal or shear forces, but may also resist vertical, uplift and overturning forces

3285.401

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Ground AnchorsMust be listed (listed means approved) Steel coated with zinc to not less than 0.30

oz/ft2 of surfaceCapable to resist a min ultimate load of 4750 lb

and a working load of 3150 lbs (check listing labels)

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Tie Down Straps

1 ¼ inch by 0.035 in or larger steel strapping conforming to ASTM D 3953-97 standard

Capable to resist a min ultimate load of 4750 lb and a working load of 3150 lbs (check listing labels) – Same capacity as the anchors

Coated with zinc to not less than 0.30 oz/ft2 of surface

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Tie DownsMaximum spacing – see the tablesSee drawings for near beam and second beam

methodsIf sidewall or over the roof, mate-line or shear wall

straps are installed, they must be connectedMust be augured below the frost line unless the

foundation is a frost protected above frost line system

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Tie Down TipsNo long tails

Tension evenly or you might pull the home off the supports

Determine if stabilizer plate is needed – See anchor manufacturer instructions

Try locking clamp version

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Tie Down Safety IssuesLocate Utilities

- abandoned electrical drops is a concern

- utility lineman’s gloves are recommended

- Testing for power on anchor before connecting to home can be done using a simple voltage checker

$5.25 worth of safety

Image courtesy of Lab Safety, Janesville

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On-site structuresEach expansion room or other on-site structure

must be able to support its own weight including any garage unless pre-designed by manufacturer, engineer or architect

Any addition must be designed by either the home manufacturer, a registered engineer or architect

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Optional EquipmentComfort systems (HVAC) must be installed by a

licensed HVAC contractor if not factory installedAir conditioning equipment must be properly sizedAll heat producing equipment must be properly vented

thru the skirting or exterior wall as appropriateWhen not installed by home manufacturer, must be

installed according to the appliance manufacturer’s instructions

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SkirtingMust be weather resistant

Attached so no water is trapped between siding and trim or forced up into the wall cavity trim it is attached to

All wood skirting within 6 inches of the ground must be pressure treated or be naturally resistant to decay and termites – This would include lumber and sheathing extension if any of the wood is less than 6 inches above the ground

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Crawlspace VentingNEW - One square foot for every 1,500 sq ft of floor

area – Important – Check with your manufacturer before proceeding with reduced venting

Vent openings as high as practicableVents must located on at least two opposite sides of

homeOpenings must be covered with a perforated corrosion

and weather resistant covering to prevent rodent entry

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Access OpeningNot less than 18 wide by 24 high and not less

than 3 sq ft

Must be located so that any utility connections under the home are accessible

3285.505

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Dryer vents, air conditioning, & combustion air vents

Must pass through skirting to the outside This includes fireplace air inlets

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Ductwork, Plumbing & Fuel Supplies

Manufacturer must supply instructions for proper field assembly

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WaterWhen local water supply pressure exceeds 80 psi, a

pressure reducing value must be installedAn identified and accessible shutoff value must be

installed underneath or adjacent to the homeCrossovers and lines must be protected from

freezingOnly listed for MH heat tape is permittedWater system must be inspected and tested for leaks

after completion at the site.Disconnect water heater if test is air only

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Piping supportWater lines supported every 3 feet

Drain lines supported every 4 feet – See 48 inch on center max - 3280.608

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Gas Supply

Home design calls for system pressure of 10 to 14 inches of water column pressure (0.036 psi)

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Ductwork Crossovers

All ductwork connections must be sealedGalvanized metal straps or tape and mastics listed to

UL 181 A or B must be used around duct collar and secured tightly

Metal straps required metal sheet screwsMetal ducts must be fastened with at least 3

galvanized sheet metal screws equally spaced around the collar

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DuctworkMax distance for duct supports is 4 feet

If straps are used they must be ½” wider than spacing of spirals in flex duct

Arrange so that straps cannot slip between spirals and to prevent kinking

Cannot contact ground

Listed for exterior use only

Crossovers outside the envelop must be insulated with proper materials

In-floor or ceiling crossover connections must be sealed to prevent air leakage

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Subpart H - ElectricalSnap connections may or must be fastened to

adjacent stud – CHECK instructionsIf a fixture is mounted on a combustible surface

a limited combustible or non-combustible ring must be installed

Wires connected black to black, white to white and ground to ground

Test all connections

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Smoke Alarms

Additional shipped loose alarms for basement set models are typically provided by the manufacturer

They may be wired to communicate with factory installed units at main floor

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Exterior close-upManufacturers provide instructions for joining

sections. Pay particular attention to directions on fasteners

The mate-line gasket must be installed following manufacturer instructions

Exterior close up strips are trim that must be fastened securely and sealed with an exterior sealant

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Before Sections are SecuredThe poly sheeting used for transport must be

removed completely

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Hinged roofs and eaves

May be subject to alternative construction inspections if flue penetrations are above the hinge

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GapsUPON COMPLETION – no gaps are permitted between

structural elements

PRIOR TO COMPLETION – minor gaps not exceeding one inch are permitted PROVIDED they are filed upon completion

Fill gaps must be shimmed with dimensional lumber and fastener lengths used to make connections must be increased to provide adequate penetration into receiving lumber.

Pay particular attention to end wall and floor completion gaps – May have marriage wall sheathing in from end wall ends

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Close up

All shipping blocking, strapping or bracing must be removed from appliances, window and doors.

At a minimum, shipped loose wall panels must be installed using PVA adhesive on all framing members and fastened with 1 inch long staples or nails 6 inch on center panel edges and 12 inches on center in the field unless manufacturer directs other methods

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Bottom Board Bottom Board is an industry term for barrier installed by

the factory on the bottom of the floor system. It is for rodent control.

Inspect for loosing or areas damaged by transport or installation

Tears must be repairedAny missing insulation must be replacedSplits or tears must be resealed with tape or patchesP traps must be checked to be sure they are well

insulated and coveredAll repaired edges must be taped or otherwise sealed

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Access to site

The installer is responsible to ensure that transportation routing is possible and permits obtained

Effective 4/01/07 disturbed soil areas of 1 acre or more at property site are subject to permits and UDC erosion control regulations

(This also includes entire driveway areas!)

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Gas appliances

Make sure orifices match the fuel supply

Inspect vents to make sure they were not damaged in transit

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Other UDC Issues to WatchSite constructed elements subject to UDC Basement stairs Exterior decks, stairs and railings Garage attachments Habitable basements

Egress windows for bedrooms Heating calculations for entire envelop

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Trouble spots-Basement Stairs

Finished Stairwell Length (FSL)

Headroom(Min. 6'-4")

Headroom + Floor/Ceiling Depth (HFCD) Finished Stairwell Length(FSL) Unit Rise Unit RunSo to solve for FSL, FSL = Unit Run x HFCD Unit Rise

Floor/Ceiling Depth

Unit RiseMax. 8"

Unit RunMin. 9"

Two Similar Right

Triangles

Maintain 6'-4"

Headroom In

Required 3' Long Landing

Maintain 6'-4" Headroom In Required 3' Long Landing

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“Structural Analysis” per Dept. of Comm. Comm. 20.07 (Definitions.)

 (73) “Structural Analysis” is a branch of the physical sciences which uses the principles of mechanics in analyzing the impacts of loads and forces and their effect on the physical properties of materials in the form of internal stress and strain.

 Comm. 21.02 (Structural Analysis Standards.)

 Structural analysis shall conform to the following nationally recognized standards.

 ( c ) Concrete. Plain, reinforced or pre-stressed concrete construction shall conform to the following standards:

 ·        1. ACI Standard 318, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete”.

·        2. ACI Standard 318.1, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Plain Concrete”.

  Comm. 21.16 (Frost Penetration.)

 ·        (2) Exceptions. (a) Floating slabs constructed on grade need not be installed below the minimum frost penetration line provided measures have been taken to prevent frost forces from damaging the structure.

·        Also, ( c ) Stoops or ramps need not be installed below the minimum frost penetration level provided measures are taken to prevent frost forces from damaging the structure.

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Class Verification Certificate

Continuing Education = 8425

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