1 Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC & ASEAN Countries Watcharas Leelawath The International Institute for Trade and Development, Thailand Hotel LeRoyal Meridien, Chennai December 12, 2009
1
Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC &
ASEAN Countries
Watcharas LeelawathThe International Institute for Trade and Development,
Thailand Hotel LeRoyal Meridien, Chennai
December 12, 2009
2
Outline
• Overview of Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand
• Policy initiatives by the Government that supports the growth of SMEs
• Organizations/Associations that supports SME Growth
• Trade opportunities for SMEs between Thailand and India
• Areas of Cooperation in Trade and Technology
3
1. Overview of Small and Medium Enterprises
in Thailand
4
Selected Economic Indicators Thailand
2007 2008
GDP (at PPP) (us$ bn) 519 556
GDP By Secter (%)
- Agriculture 11.40 11.3
- Industrial 43.90 44.4
- Service 44.70 44.3
GDP per Head (at PPP) (us$ ) 7,810 8,300
Exports of Goods & Services (at current market price)(us$ bn)
179.90 215.1
Imports of Goods & Services(at current market price)(us$ bn)
161.20 200.8
Trade balance(us$ bn) 26.00 17.3c
Foreign direct investment (us$ bn)
- Inward direct investment 9,570.00
7,100.0c
Population (m) 66.5b 67.0c
Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand
5
In 2008, GDP of SMEs were approximately 3,446.59
Bn Baht, around 37.9% of GDP
GDP of SE around 25.2% of GDP , while ME around
12.6%
Overview of SMEs in Thailand
6
Proportion of SMEs and Growth Rate of GDP by Enterprise Size
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Share (%) SMEs 41.3 39.9 40 39.6 38.9 38.2 37.9
Country 5.3 7.1 6.3 4.5 5.1 5.1 2.6
Large enterprises 7.4 8.5 7.4 5.5 5.4 6 2.9
SMEs 4.1 4.6 7.6 4.9 5.5 4.9 1.9
Growth rate at constant
price (%)
Year
Source: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board
7Source: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board
Value of GDP in 2003-2008 by Enterprise Size
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Agricultural sector 607,863 654,810 706,285 836,077 967,518 1,054,175 Outside the agricultural sector
5,321,111 5,848,677 6,397,943 6,980,397 7,501,542 8,050,784
Large enterprises 2,691,814 2,954,382 3,260,301 3,589,655 3,881,341 4,214,808 SMEs 2,367,110 2,598,657 2,816,641 3,041,896 3,236,634 3,446,589 * Small enterprise 1,613,005 1,761,455 1,901,334 2,043,460 3,170,070 2,295,712 * Medium enterprises 754,105 837,202 915,307 998,435 1,066,565 1,150,878
Other enterprises 262,187 295,638 321,001 348,846 383,567 389,387 Grand Total (Country) 5,928,974 6,503,487 7,104,228 7,816,474 8,469,060 9,104,959
GDP at constant price (Million Baht)
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Agricultural sector 10.3 10.1 9.9 10.7 11.4 11.6 Outside the agricultural sector
89.7 89.9 90.1 89.3 88.6 88.4
Large enterprises 45.4 45.4 45.9 45.9 45.8 46.3 SMEs 39.9 40.0 39.6 38.9 38.2 37.9 * Small enterprise 27.2 27.1 26.8 26.1 37.4 25.2 * Medium enterprises 12.7 12.9 12.9 12.8 12.6 12.6
Other enterprises 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.3 Grand Total (Country) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Share per GDP at constant price (%)
8
2.Policy initiatives by the Government that supports the
growth of SMEs
9
In 2000, issued the SME Act and established
SMEs Promotion Board (Prime Minister is
president)
In 2001, established Office of Small and
Medium Enterprises Promotion (OSMEP) for
being the center to set the policy and plan
Policies to promote SMEs in Thailand
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Objectives
• GDP Growth is 42% in 2011
• Growth rate of exports in SMEs increased not less than
growth rate of total exports
• Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of SMEs grow at least
3% per year. TFP of target sectors and labor
productivity of SMEs grow at least 5% per year
Policies to promote SMEs in Thailand
11
Six Strategies of Plan No.2 (2007-2011)
1. create and develop entrepreneurs 2. increase productivity and innovation capabilities of SMEs
in the manufacturing sector 3. increase efficiency and reduce the impact in the trade
sector
4. promote the service to create value and added value 5. promote SMEs in region and local
6. develop the supporting factors for business
Policies to promote SMEs in Thailand
12
3.Organizations/Associations that supports SME Growth
13
OSMEP
• Formulating SMEs promotion master plan and SMEs promotional policies.
• Preparing action plan for the promotion of regional/sector SMEs as well as micro and community enterprises.
• Serving as SMEs information center in conducting researches and studies on SMEs-related issues including SMEs early warning system.
• Developing information systems and networks to support the operation of SMEs.
14
SME Bank
• Providing financial services that respond to SMEs’ needs
• Give nurture to new entrepreneurs • Supporting existing SMEs so have
sustainable growth • Develop good governance in
management systems
15
Agencies to assist SMEsFinancial Assistance Agency
Industrial Finance Corporation of Thailand (IFCT) www.ifct.co.th
Small Industry Finance Corporation (SIFC)
The revolving fund for cottage and handicraft industries, Department of Industrial Promotion
www.smethai.netwww.dip.go.th
Small Business Credit Guarantee Corporation (SBCG) www.sbcg.or.th
Government Housing Bank (GH Bank) www.ghb.co.th
Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Coopperatives (BAAC) www.baac.or.th
Investor relations sectionBank of Thailand (BOT)
www.bot.or.th
Technology, Management and Account Management Systems
Agency
Department of Industrial Promotion www.smethai.net
www.dip.go.th
Thailand Productivity Institute www.ftpi.or.th
Thai - German Institute www.tgi.or.th
Institue for Small and Medium Enterprises Development www.ismed.or.th
The Business Advisory Center (BAC)
16
Agencies to assist SMEs (continued)Industry Standards Agency
Management System Certification Institute (Thailand) (MASCI) www.masci.or.th
Thai Industrial Standards Institute (TISI) www.tisi.go.th
Industrial Works Department www.diw.go.th
Food and Drug Administration www.fda.moph.go.th
Thailand Automotive Institute www.thaiauto.or.th
National Food Institute www.nfi.or.th
The Electrical and Electronics Institute (EEI) www.thaieei.com
Thailand Textile Institue (THTI) www.thaitextile.org
Marketing Agency
Department of Export Promotionwww.dep.moc.go.thwww.thaitrade.com
Department of Internal Trade www.dit.go.th
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Personnel development Agency
Department of Industrial Promotion www.dip.go.th
Department of Skill Development www.dsd.go.th
Department of Employment www.doe.go.th
Agencies to assist SMEs (continued)
Trade and investment information Agency
Department Of Business Economics www.moc.go.th/thai/dbe
The Board of Investment of Thailand (BOI) www.boi.go.th
Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand www.ieat.go.th
Business Opportunity Center (BOC )
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4.Trade Opportunities for SMEs between Thai - India
19
ASEAN 10 Trade by Country of Destination, 2006-2008
Export
18,928.1024,839.80 30,082.80
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
2006 2007 2008
Japan
EU-25
China
USA
Republic of Korea
Australia
India
Hong Kong
Taiwan
Pakistan
Source: ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2008
(US$ Million)
20
ASEAN 10 Trade by Country of Destination, 2006-2008
Growth(2008,%)
ASEAN 189,176.8 217,334.2 242,460.4 11.6% Major Trading Partner 561,530.5 642,469.5 636,682.2 -0.9% Japan 81,284.9 85,138.1 104,871.8 23.2% EU-25 94,408.5 107,992.1 112,948.3 4.6% China 65,010.2 77,945.0 85,556.5 9.8% USA 96,943.4 106,375.9 101,457.5 -4.6% Republic of Korea 27,176.4 29,486.5 34,937.5 18.5% Australia 23,148.5 27,433.7 33,682.1 22.8% India 18,928.1 24,839.8 30,082.8 21.1% Hong Kong 41,057.6 56,719.7 16,456.8 -71.0% Taiwan 18,513.4 4,552.1 9,838.4 116.1% Canada 3,916.5 5,275.2 5,296.8 0.4% Russia 1,583.0 2,076.6 2,703.3 30.2% New Zealand 3,018.6 3,551.6 4,161.0 17.2% Pakistan 2,986.2 3,783.1 4,386.4 15.9% Rest of the World 83,555.1 107,300.1 90,302.9 -15.8% Total 750,707.4 859,803.8 879,142.6 2.2%
Country of Destination
Export
200820072006
Source: ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2008
(US$ Million)
21
ASEAN 10 Trade by Country of Destination, 2006-2008
Import
Source: ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2008
9,774.60 12,395.10 17,329.10
0.00
20,000.00
40,000.00
60,000.00
80,000.00
100,000.00
120,000.00
2006 2007 2008
Japan
EU-25
China
USA
Republic of Korea
Australia
India
Hong Kong
Taiwan
Pakistan
(US$ Million)
22
ASEAN 10 Trade by Country of Destination, 2006-2008
Growth(2008,%)
ASEAN 163,594.5 184,586.1 215,579.8 16.8% Major Trading Partner 490,503.1 566,397.6 615,649.3 8.7% Japan 80,495.6 87,923.9 107,116.4 21.8% EU-25 65,923.9 78,727.7 89,554.7 13.8% China 74,951.0 93,172.7 106,976.6 14.8% USA 64,252.5 72,692.1 79,735.8 9.7% Republic of Korea 28,765.9 31,697.5 40,783.9 28.7% Australia 13,262.8 14,529.3 17,907.7 23.3% India 9,774.6 12,395.1 17,329.1 39.8% Hong Kong 10,504.4 11,503.3 9,217.8 -19.9% Taiwan 28,111.8 5,901.5 14,116.3 139.2% Canada 2,970.3 4,223.7 5,128.9 21.4% Russia 2,841.1 3,321.7 6,910.1 108.0% New Zealand 1,531.2 2,243.7 3,262.0 45.4% Pakistan 296.2 342.2 460.1 34.5% Rest of the World 106,821.8 147,723.1 117,149.9 -20.7% Total 654,097.6 750,983.7 831,229.1 10.7%
Country of Destination
Import
200820072006
Source: ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2008
(US$ Million)
23Sources : ITC calculations based on COMTRADE statistics
19,433,467
8,853,900
3,034,408
2,659,3142,005,280 1,812,607
24Sources : ITC calculations based on COMTRADE statistics.
Share of Indonesia in India 's export 1.46%
Share of Viet Nam in India 's export 1%
Share of Singapore in India 's export 4.87%
Share of Malaysia in India 's export 1.67%
Share of Thailand in India 's export 1.1%
25Sources : ITC calculations based on COMTRADE statistics
26,698,438
8,304,7517,461,390 6,431,337
2,664,791
906,267
26Sources : ITC calculations based on COMTRADE statistics.
Share of Thailand in India's imports 0.84%
Share of Indonesia in India's imports 2.04%
Share of Singapore in India's imports 2.63%
Share of Malaysia in India's imports 2.36%
Share of Viet Nam in India's imports 0.12%
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Trade situation of SMEs in Thailand 2008
Export Import
UNITED
STAES
10.73%
JAPAN
10.75%CHINA
6.74%
SINGAPORE
3.62%HONG
KONG
7.37%MALAYSIA
5.60%
AUSTRALIA
4.03%
INDONESIA
3.20%
INDIA
1.56%
OTHERS
46.40%
UNITED STAES JAPAN CHINA
SINGAPORE HONG KONG MALAYSIA
AUSTRALIA INDONESIA INDIA
OTHERS
CHINA
16.30%
JAPAN
16.65%OTHERS
44.69%
UAE
0.30%MALAYSIA
4.24%SAUDI
ARABIA
0.47%
UNITED
STAES
7.86%
SINGAPORE
2.54%
KOREA
REPUBLIC
4.20%
INDIA
2.75%
JAPAN CHINA UNITED STAESUAE MALAYSIA SAUDI ARABIASINGAPORE KOREA REPUBLIC INDIAOTHERS
Office of Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion, Thailand
28
Value of Thai exports by enterprise size in 2005-2008
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
2005 2006 2007 2008
Others
LE
ME
SE
SMEs
Unit : Million Baht
Value of Thai imports by enterprise size in 2005-2008
Unit : Million Baht).
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
2005 2006 2007 2008
Others
LE
ME
SE
SMEs
Office of Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion, Thailand
Office of Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion, Thailand
Unit : Million Baht
29
2007(million baht)
2008(million baht)
Growth(2008,%)
Share(%)
Automatic data processing machines and parts thereof
597,059.91 605,313.98 1.38 10.34
Motor cars, parts and accessories 447,109.39 513,154.20 14.77 8.77
Precious stones and jewellery 185,149.57 274,093.15 48.04 4.68
Refine fuels 140,716.09 259,739.09 84.58 4.44
Electronic integrated circuits 290,349.51 237,972.57 -18.04 4.07
Rubber 194,338.73 223,628.23 15.07 3.82
Rice 119,215.43 203,219.08 70.46 3.47
Polymers of ethylene, propylene, etc in primary forms
179,511.99 181,158.74 0.92 3.10
Iron and steel and their products 157,685.96 176,877.00 12.17 3.02
Rubber products 125,960.69 149,894.85 19.00 2.56
Others 2,865,021.95 3,026,320.26 -237.99 51.73
Total 5,302,119.22 5,851,371.14 10.36 100
Important export products of Thailand.
Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand
30
2007(million baht)
2008(million baht)
Growth(2008,%)
Share(%)
Crude oil 709,216.0 1,002,211.3 41.31 16.81
Machinery and parts 423,643.7 495,977.4 17.07 8.32
Iron, steel and products 298,862.7 458,002.0 53.25 7.68
Chemicals 348,879.0 420,135.3 20.42 7.05
Electrical machinery and parts 330,848.0 357,781.2 8.14 6.00
Electronic integrated circuites 341,970.4 305,853.9 -10.56 5.13
Jewellery including silver bars and gold
143,417.0 295,287.4 105.89 4.95
Other metal ores, metal waste scrap 248,075.2 265,814.0 7.15 4.46
Computers, parts and accessories 261,771.2 259,941.0 -0.70 4.36
Vegetables and vegetable products 99,078.1 145,417.1 46.77 2.44
Others 1,664,425.1 1,956,061.8 22.43 32.80
Total 4,870,186.4 5,962,482.5 22.43 100
Important Import products of Thailand
Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand
31
Trade between Thailand - India
32
India is a trade partner of Thailand, No. 18 Trade between Thailand - India in 2008
around 1.6 % of Thailand’s trade value to the
world. Growth increased around 20% October 2003, Thailand and India have signed
the framework agreement on establishing
Free Trade Area of Thailand – India in order
to eliminate trade barriers, expand trade and
attract to the foreign investment
Overview of Trade
33
Trade summary between Thailand and INDIA
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
2005 2006 2007 2008
Total Trade Export Import Trade Balance
Growth 2007/2008
Total Trade 130,701.67 163,669.22 197,457.44 20.64 Export 68,716.59 91,727.48 110,193.95 20.13 Import 61,985.08 71,941.74 87,263.49 21.30 Trade Balance 6,731.50 19,785.74 22,930.47
Million Baht 2006 2007 2008
Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand
34
Exports Structure
Growth 2007/2008
Total 91,727.48 110,193.95 20.13
1. Agricultural products
4,920.48 5,320.95 8.14
2. Agro-industrial products
2,548.90 3,791.35 48.74
3. Principle manufacturing products
80,956.87 92,766.48 14.59
4. Mining and fuel products
2,606.63 8,315.17 219.00
5. Others (special transaction : articles)
694.59
Million Baht 2007 2008
84.18%
3.44%4.83%0.00%7.55%
1. Agricultural products
2. Agro-industrial products
3. Principle manufacturing products
4. Mining and fuel products
5. Others (special transaction : articles,
Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand
35
Imports Structure
Growth 2007/2008
Total 71,941.70 87,263.50 21.30
1. Fuel lubricants 8,667.80 3,514.00 (59.46)
2. Capital goods 5,578.90 6,754.40 21.07
3. Raw materials and intermediate products
45,136.00 61,464.90 36.18
4. Consumer goods 9,652.60 12,925.70 33.91
5. Vehicles and transport accessories
1,767.90 2,565.80 45.13
6. Arms, munitions used in official services
1,138.40 38.60 (96.61)
Million Baht 2007 2008
70.44%
4.03%2.94%
14.81% 7.74%0.04%
1. Fuel lubricants 2. Capital goods 3. Raw materials and intermediate products 4. Consumer goods 5. Vehicles and transport accessories 6. Arms, munitions used in official services and
Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand
36
2007 2008 Growth Share(Million Baht) (Million Baht) (2008,%) (2008,%)
Polymers of ethylene, propylene, etc in primary forms
9,551.70 10,763.00 12.68 9.77
Iron and steel and their products 12,755.40 10,472.60 (17.90) 9.50 Motor cars, parts and accessories 5,002.00 6,149.10 22.93 5.58 Automatic data processing machines and parts thereof
3,837.00 5,965.60 55.48 5.41
Precious stones and jewellery 3,223.00 5,130.20 59.17 4.66 Spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion piston engines and parts thereof
4,676.70 4,664.40 (0.26) 4.23
Refine fuels 253.00 4,494.00 1,676.43 4.08 Chemical products 3,813.80 4,418.70 15.86 4.01 Machinery and parts thereof 3,916.50 4,338.80 10.78 3.94 Aluminium products 3,106.40 4,295.60 38.28 3.90 Rubber 3,966.40 4,150.10 4.63 3.77 Electronic integrated circuits 1,008.10 3,711.10 268.13 3.37 Radio-broadcast receivers, television receiver and parts thereof
5,292.00 3,065.30 (42.08) 2.78
Animal or vegetable fats and oils 1,048.60 2,652.70 152.98 2.41
Air conditioning machine and parts thereof 1,786.80 2,333.70 30.61 2.12
Insulated wire and cable 810.60 1,769.70 118.31 1.61 Total 20 records 69,252.20 84,771.80 22.41 76.93 Other 22,475.30 25,422.10 13.11 23.07 Total 91,727.50 110,194.00 20.13 100.00
Thailand's major export to India
37
2007 2008 growth Share(Million Baht) (Million Baht) (2008,%) (2008,%)
Jewellery including silver bars and gold 14,124.90 13,773.70 (2.49) 15.78 Chemicals 6,996.60 8,681.90 24.09 9.95 Vegetables and vegetable products 4,825.50 10,741.60 122.60 12.31 Electrical household appliances 4,924.20 6,352.00 29.00 7.28 Machinery and parts 3,641.00 3,908.30 7.34 4.48 Other metal ores, metal waste scrap 10,218.70 12,148.50 18.89 13.92 Medicinal and pharmaceutical products 2,626.80 3,007.80 14.51 3.45 Iron, steel and products 2,532.60 7,453.30 194.30 8.54 Parts and accessories of vehicles 1,375.10 1,587.50 15.44 1.82 Yarn and fibers 2,518.60 2,979.00 18.28 3.41 Electrical machinery and parts 966.90 1,351.00 39.73 1.55 Fresh aquatic animals, chilled, frozen, 962.40 1,652.60 71.71 1.89 Fabrics 407.80 580.90 42.43 0.67 Metal manufactures 481.60 723.40 50.21 0.83 Fertilizer and pesticide 645.20 851.90 32.04 0.98 Mineral and mineral products 414.90 540.10 30.20 0.62 Plastic products 501.20 662.60 32.20 0.76 Other capital goods 153.90 303.60 97.31 0.35 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 466.40 732.60 57.07 0.84 Jewellery 238.50 272.20 14.16 0.31 Total 20 records 59,022.80 78,304.80 32.67 89.73 Other 12,918.90 8,958.70 (30.65) 10.27 Total 71,941.70 87,263.50 21.30 100.00
Thailand's major import from India
38
5.Areas of Cooperation in Trade and Technology
39
India-Thai Free Trade Area(ITFTA)
40
India-Thai Free Trade Area-November 2001: Formation Joint Negotiating Group (JNG) to create a Framework Agreement, which can conclude in September 2003.
-9 October 2003: signed a framework agreement to establish the FTA.
-cover the liberalization of trade in goods, services and investment services and promoting cooperation in various fields.
Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand
41
Highlights of the framework agreement. 1.The liberalization of trade in goods:. - Reduce and eliminate tariffs for products (Early Harvest Scheme: EHS) 82 items from 1 September 2004 and a 0% reduction on September 1, 2006 covers products such as mangosteen, rambutan, Durian canned seafood gems. engine parts fan refrigerator, etc.. - Reduce excise addition EHS within 2010, tax reduction period is divided into 2 types, normal track and sensitive track.
2.Trade and investment services: - make negotiations held agreements to liberalize services trade since 2004 -2006
3 . Economic cooperation: - expanding economic cooperation, trade and investment, such as tourism, construction of health information technology and communications , Banking and finance.
Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand
42
ASEAN-India Free Trade Area(AIFTA)
43
Negotiation on ASEAN-India Free Trade Area
-Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between ASEAN and India was signed on October 8, 2003 at Bali, Indonesia
-Cover in trade, services, investment, economic
cooperation, dispute settlement mechanism and
flexibility to CLMV
-Trade liberalization : Target to complete
negotiations by July 2007 and reducing excise 0%
by 2011
- Trade, services and investment : Liberalization of
trade, services and investment by segmentSource: Ministry of Commerce Thailand
44
Updated situation
-ASEAN (except Vietnam) signed “the Agreement of
Trade” in the AEM-India meeting on August 13,
2009. The Agreement will have effect on January 1,
2010
- Meeting on October 12-15, 2009, ASEAN and
India discuss the draft of “the Agreement of Trade,
Services and Investment”
- TNG agreed to summarize the discussions of “the
Agreement of Trade, Services and
Investment”within the AEM Meeting in August
2010 in order to sign the both of agreements on
ASEAN Summit in 2010.Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand
45
Preferential Access
India
FTA rates at 0-5%: chemicals, plastics & plastic product, fruit juices, rubber tires, automotive components, gemstones and ornaments, petrochemicals, processed foods, furniture, cosmetics and electronic products and toy
NO tariff reduction: agricultural products, rice, sugar, tapioca starch, rubber), farm products (frozen chicken, dairy products), automobiles and certain categories of auto parts, and textiles products
Thailand
FTA rates at 0-5%: chemicals, gemstones and ornaments, petrochemicals, refined copper, machinery& parts, vegetable products, yarn & fibers, and fabrics.
NO tariff reduction: agricultural products, rice, sugar, garlic shallot, tea, coffee, pepper, soya bean, oil-cake), farm products (frozen chicken, dairy products), automobiles and certain categories of auto parts, and textiles products
Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand
46
Sample items and Year eliminate tariffs: AIF TA.
Thailand Rate YearCancelTariffs
Fish (i.e. Salmon). 5% 2013
Fats and vegetable oils. 5% 2013
Chemicals. 0-20% 2013
Gemstone jewelry. 0-5% 2013
copper 0-1% 2016
Pesticides. 1% 2013/2016
Soap and detergent. 20% 2013
Furniture and components.
5-30% 2013/2016
Plastic products. 5-10% 2013
Wood and products made from wood
10-20% 2013
Rubber and products made of rubber
5-30% 2013/2016
India Rate YearCancelTariffs
Television. 10% 2016
Micro Wave oven associated refrigerator fan.
7.5%.10%
2013
Wire and cable. 7.5% 2013/2016
Components of air conditioners.
10% 2013
Transformers and components.
7.5%,10%
2013/2016
Gems and jewelry. 10% 2013
Fruit juice and other fruit processing.
30% 2013
Furniture and components. 10% 2013/2016
Rubber products. 7.5%,10%
2013/2016
Plastic products. 10% 2016
47
Thank You
http://www.itd.or.th