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1 Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC & ASEAN Countries Watcharas Leelawath The International Institute for Trade and Development, Thailand Hotel LeRoyal Meridien, Chennai December 12, 2009
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Page 1: Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC & ASEAN Countries

1

Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC &

ASEAN Countries

Watcharas LeelawathThe International Institute for Trade and Development,

Thailand Hotel LeRoyal Meridien, Chennai

December 12, 2009

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Outline

• Overview of Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand

• Policy initiatives by the Government that supports the growth of SMEs

• Organizations/Associations that supports SME Growth

• Trade opportunities for SMEs between Thailand and India

• Areas of Cooperation in Trade and Technology

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1. Overview of Small and Medium Enterprises

in Thailand

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Selected Economic Indicators Thailand

2007 2008

    GDP (at PPP) (us$ bn) 519 556

GDP By Secter (%)

        - Agriculture 11.40 11.3

        - Industrial 43.90 44.4

        - Service 44.70 44.3

    GDP per Head (at PPP) (us$ ) 7,810 8,300

    Exports of Goods & Services (at current market price)(us$ bn)

179.90 215.1

    Imports of Goods & Services(at current market price)(us$ bn)

161.20 200.8

    Trade balance(us$ bn) 26.00 17.3c

Foreign direct investment (us$ bn)

        - Inward direct investment 9,570.00

7,100.0c

    Population (m) 66.5b 67.0c

Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand

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In 2008, GDP of SMEs were approximately 3,446.59

Bn Baht, around 37.9% of GDP

GDP of SE around 25.2% of GDP , while ME around

12.6%

Overview of SMEs in Thailand

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Proportion of SMEs and Growth Rate of GDP by Enterprise Size

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Share (%) SMEs 41.3 39.9 40 39.6 38.9 38.2 37.9

Country 5.3 7.1 6.3 4.5 5.1 5.1 2.6

Large enterprises 7.4 8.5 7.4 5.5 5.4 6 2.9

SMEs 4.1 4.6 7.6 4.9 5.5 4.9 1.9

Growth rate at constant

price (%)

Year

Source: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board

Page 7: Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC & ASEAN Countries

7Source: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board

Value of GDP in 2003-2008 by Enterprise Size

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Agricultural sector 607,863 654,810 706,285 836,077 967,518 1,054,175 Outside the agricultural sector

5,321,111 5,848,677 6,397,943 6,980,397 7,501,542 8,050,784

Large enterprises 2,691,814 2,954,382 3,260,301 3,589,655 3,881,341 4,214,808 SMEs 2,367,110 2,598,657 2,816,641 3,041,896 3,236,634 3,446,589 * Small enterprise 1,613,005 1,761,455 1,901,334 2,043,460 3,170,070 2,295,712 * Medium enterprises 754,105 837,202 915,307 998,435 1,066,565 1,150,878

Other enterprises 262,187 295,638 321,001 348,846 383,567 389,387 Grand Total (Country) 5,928,974 6,503,487 7,104,228 7,816,474 8,469,060 9,104,959

GDP at constant price (Million Baht)

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Agricultural sector 10.3 10.1 9.9 10.7 11.4 11.6 Outside the agricultural sector

89.7 89.9 90.1 89.3 88.6 88.4

Large enterprises 45.4 45.4 45.9 45.9 45.8 46.3 SMEs 39.9 40.0 39.6 38.9 38.2 37.9 * Small enterprise 27.2 27.1 26.8 26.1 37.4 25.2 * Medium enterprises 12.7 12.9 12.9 12.8 12.6 12.6

Other enterprises 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.3 Grand Total (Country) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Share per GDP at constant price (%)

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2.Policy initiatives by the Government that supports the

growth of SMEs

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In 2000, issued the SME Act and established

SMEs Promotion Board (Prime Minister is

president)

In 2001, established Office of Small and

Medium Enterprises Promotion (OSMEP) for

being the center to set the policy and plan

Policies to promote SMEs in Thailand

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Objectives

• GDP Growth is 42% in 2011

• Growth rate of exports in SMEs increased not less than

growth rate of total exports

• Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of SMEs grow at least

3% per year. TFP of target sectors and labor

productivity of SMEs grow at least 5% per year

Policies to promote SMEs in Thailand

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Six Strategies of Plan No.2 (2007-2011)

1. create and develop entrepreneurs 2. increase productivity and innovation capabilities of SMEs

in the manufacturing sector 3. increase efficiency and reduce the impact in the trade

sector

4. promote the service to create value and added value 5. promote SMEs in region and local

6. develop the supporting factors for business

Policies to promote SMEs in Thailand

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3.Organizations/Associations that supports SME Growth

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OSMEP

• Formulating SMEs promotion master plan and SMEs promotional policies.

• Preparing action plan for the promotion of regional/sector SMEs as well as micro and community enterprises.

• Serving as SMEs information center in conducting researches and studies on SMEs-related issues including SMEs early warning system.

• Developing information systems and networks to support the operation of SMEs.

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SME Bank

• Providing financial services that respond to SMEs’ needs

• Give nurture to new entrepreneurs • Supporting existing SMEs so have

sustainable growth • Develop good governance in

management systems

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Agencies to assist SMEsFinancial Assistance Agency

Industrial Finance Corporation of Thailand (IFCT) www.ifct.co.th

Small Industry Finance Corporation (SIFC)

The revolving fund for cottage and handicraft industries, Department of Industrial Promotion

www.smethai.netwww.dip.go.th

Small Business Credit Guarantee Corporation (SBCG) www.sbcg.or.th

Government Housing Bank (GH Bank) www.ghb.co.th

Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Coopperatives (BAAC) www.baac.or.th

Investor relations sectionBank of Thailand (BOT)

www.bot.or.th

Technology, Management and Account Management Systems

Agency

Department of Industrial Promotion www.smethai.net

www.dip.go.th

Thailand Productivity Institute www.ftpi.or.th

Thai - German Institute www.tgi.or.th

Institue for Small and Medium Enterprises Development www.ismed.or.th

The Business Advisory Center (BAC)

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Agencies to assist SMEs (continued)Industry Standards Agency

Management System Certification Institute (Thailand) (MASCI) www.masci.or.th

Thai Industrial Standards Institute (TISI) www.tisi.go.th

Industrial Works Department www.diw.go.th

Food and Drug Administration www.fda.moph.go.th

Thailand Automotive Institute www.thaiauto.or.th

National Food Institute www.nfi.or.th

The Electrical and Electronics Institute (EEI) www.thaieei.com

Thailand Textile Institue (THTI) www.thaitextile.org

Marketing Agency

Department of Export Promotionwww.dep.moc.go.thwww.thaitrade.com

Department of Internal Trade www.dit.go.th

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Personnel development Agency

Department of Industrial Promotion www.dip.go.th

Department of Skill Development www.dsd.go.th

Department of Employment www.doe.go.th

Agencies to assist SMEs (continued)

Trade and investment information Agency

Department Of Business Economics www.moc.go.th/thai/dbe

The Board of Investment of Thailand (BOI) www.boi.go.th

Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand www.ieat.go.th

Business Opportunity Center (BOC )

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4.Trade Opportunities for SMEs between Thai - India

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ASEAN 10 Trade by Country of Destination, 2006-2008

Export

18,928.1024,839.80 30,082.80

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

2006 2007 2008

Japan

EU-25

China

USA

Republic of Korea

Australia

India

Hong Kong

Taiwan

Pakistan

Source: ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2008

(US$ Million)

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ASEAN 10 Trade by Country of Destination, 2006-2008

Growth(2008,%)

ASEAN 189,176.8 217,334.2 242,460.4 11.6% Major Trading Partner 561,530.5 642,469.5 636,682.2 -0.9% Japan 81,284.9 85,138.1 104,871.8 23.2% EU-25 94,408.5 107,992.1 112,948.3 4.6% China 65,010.2 77,945.0 85,556.5 9.8% USA 96,943.4 106,375.9 101,457.5 -4.6% Republic of Korea 27,176.4 29,486.5 34,937.5 18.5% Australia 23,148.5 27,433.7 33,682.1 22.8% India 18,928.1 24,839.8 30,082.8 21.1% Hong Kong 41,057.6 56,719.7 16,456.8 -71.0% Taiwan 18,513.4 4,552.1 9,838.4 116.1% Canada 3,916.5 5,275.2 5,296.8 0.4% Russia 1,583.0 2,076.6 2,703.3 30.2% New Zealand 3,018.6 3,551.6 4,161.0 17.2% Pakistan 2,986.2 3,783.1 4,386.4 15.9% Rest of the World 83,555.1 107,300.1 90,302.9 -15.8% Total 750,707.4 859,803.8 879,142.6 2.2%

Country of Destination

Export

200820072006

Source: ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2008

(US$ Million)

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ASEAN 10 Trade by Country of Destination, 2006-2008

Import

Source: ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2008

9,774.60 12,395.10 17,329.10

0.00

20,000.00

40,000.00

60,000.00

80,000.00

100,000.00

120,000.00

2006 2007 2008

Japan

EU-25

China

USA

Republic of Korea

Australia

India

Hong Kong

Taiwan

Pakistan

(US$ Million)

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ASEAN 10 Trade by Country of Destination, 2006-2008

Growth(2008,%)

ASEAN 163,594.5 184,586.1 215,579.8 16.8% Major Trading Partner 490,503.1 566,397.6 615,649.3 8.7% Japan 80,495.6 87,923.9 107,116.4 21.8% EU-25 65,923.9 78,727.7 89,554.7 13.8% China 74,951.0 93,172.7 106,976.6 14.8% USA 64,252.5 72,692.1 79,735.8 9.7% Republic of Korea 28,765.9 31,697.5 40,783.9 28.7% Australia 13,262.8 14,529.3 17,907.7 23.3% India 9,774.6 12,395.1 17,329.1 39.8% Hong Kong 10,504.4 11,503.3 9,217.8 -19.9% Taiwan 28,111.8 5,901.5 14,116.3 139.2% Canada 2,970.3 4,223.7 5,128.9 21.4% Russia 2,841.1 3,321.7 6,910.1 108.0% New Zealand 1,531.2 2,243.7 3,262.0 45.4% Pakistan 296.2 342.2 460.1 34.5% Rest of the World 106,821.8 147,723.1 117,149.9 -20.7% Total 654,097.6 750,983.7 831,229.1 10.7%

Country of Destination

Import

200820072006

Source: ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2008

(US$ Million)

Page 23: Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC & ASEAN Countries

23Sources : ITC calculations based on COMTRADE statistics

19,433,467

8,853,900

3,034,408

2,659,3142,005,280 1,812,607

Page 24: Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC & ASEAN Countries

24Sources : ITC calculations based on COMTRADE statistics.

Share of Indonesia in India 's export 1.46%

Share of Viet Nam in India 's export 1%

Share of Singapore in India 's export 4.87%

Share of Malaysia in India 's export 1.67%

Share of Thailand in India 's export 1.1%

Page 25: Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC & ASEAN Countries

25Sources : ITC calculations based on COMTRADE statistics

26,698,438

8,304,7517,461,390 6,431,337

2,664,791

906,267

Page 26: Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC & ASEAN Countries

26Sources : ITC calculations based on COMTRADE statistics.

Share of Thailand in India's imports 0.84%

Share of Indonesia in India's imports 2.04%

Share of Singapore in India's imports 2.63%

Share of Malaysia in India's imports 2.36%

Share of Viet Nam in India's imports 0.12%

Page 27: Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC & ASEAN Countries

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Trade situation of SMEs in Thailand 2008

Export Import

UNITED

STAES

10.73%

JAPAN

10.75%CHINA

6.74%

SINGAPORE

3.62%HONG

KONG

7.37%MALAYSIA

5.60%

AUSTRALIA

4.03%

INDONESIA

3.20%

INDIA

1.56%

OTHERS

46.40%

UNITED STAES JAPAN CHINA

SINGAPORE HONG KONG MALAYSIA

AUSTRALIA INDONESIA INDIA

OTHERS

CHINA

16.30%

JAPAN

16.65%OTHERS

44.69%

UAE

0.30%MALAYSIA

4.24%SAUDI

ARABIA

0.47%

UNITED

STAES

7.86%

SINGAPORE

2.54%

KOREA

REPUBLIC

4.20%

INDIA

2.75%

JAPAN CHINA UNITED STAESUAE MALAYSIA SAUDI ARABIASINGAPORE KOREA REPUBLIC INDIAOTHERS

Office of Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion, Thailand

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Value of Thai exports by enterprise size in 2005-2008

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

2005 2006 2007 2008

Others

LE

ME

SE

SMEs

Unit : Million Baht

Value of Thai imports by enterprise size in 2005-2008

Unit : Million Baht).

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

2005 2006 2007 2008

Others

LE

ME

SE

SMEs

Office of Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion, Thailand

Office of Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion, Thailand

Unit : Million Baht

Page 29: Trade Opportunities for SMEs among SAARC & ASEAN Countries

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  2007(million baht)

2008(million baht)

Growth(2008,%)

Share(%)

Automatic data processing machines and parts thereof

597,059.91 605,313.98 1.38 10.34

Motor cars, parts and accessories 447,109.39 513,154.20 14.77 8.77

Precious stones and jewellery 185,149.57 274,093.15 48.04 4.68

Refine fuels 140,716.09 259,739.09 84.58 4.44

Electronic integrated circuits 290,349.51 237,972.57 -18.04 4.07

Rubber 194,338.73 223,628.23 15.07 3.82

Rice 119,215.43 203,219.08 70.46 3.47

Polymers of ethylene, propylene, etc in primary forms

179,511.99 181,158.74 0.92 3.10

Iron and steel and their products 157,685.96 176,877.00 12.17 3.02

Rubber products 125,960.69 149,894.85 19.00 2.56

Others 2,865,021.95 3,026,320.26 -237.99 51.73

Total 5,302,119.22 5,851,371.14 10.36 100

Important export products of Thailand.

Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand

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  2007(million baht)

2008(million baht)

Growth(2008,%)

Share(%)

Crude oil 709,216.0 1,002,211.3 41.31 16.81

Machinery and parts 423,643.7 495,977.4 17.07 8.32

Iron, steel and products 298,862.7 458,002.0 53.25 7.68

Chemicals 348,879.0 420,135.3 20.42 7.05

Electrical machinery and parts 330,848.0 357,781.2 8.14 6.00

Electronic integrated circuites 341,970.4 305,853.9 -10.56 5.13

Jewellery including silver bars and gold

143,417.0 295,287.4 105.89 4.95

Other metal ores, metal waste scrap 248,075.2 265,814.0 7.15 4.46

Computers, parts and accessories 261,771.2 259,941.0 -0.70 4.36

Vegetables and vegetable products 99,078.1 145,417.1 46.77 2.44

Others 1,664,425.1 1,956,061.8 22.43 32.80

Total 4,870,186.4 5,962,482.5 22.43 100

Important Import products of Thailand

Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand

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Trade between Thailand - India

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India is a trade partner of Thailand, No. 18 Trade between Thailand - India in 2008

around 1.6 % of Thailand’s trade value to the

world. Growth increased around 20% October 2003, Thailand and India have signed

the framework agreement on establishing

Free Trade Area of Thailand – India in order

to eliminate trade barriers, expand trade and

attract to the foreign investment

Overview of Trade

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Trade summary between Thailand and INDIA

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

2005 2006 2007 2008

Total Trade Export Import Trade Balance

Growth 2007/2008

Total Trade 130,701.67 163,669.22 197,457.44 20.64 Export 68,716.59 91,727.48 110,193.95 20.13 Import 61,985.08 71,941.74 87,263.49 21.30 Trade Balance 6,731.50 19,785.74 22,930.47

 Million Baht 2006 2007 2008

Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand

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Exports Structure

Growth 2007/2008

Total 91,727.48 110,193.95 20.13

1. Agricultural products

4,920.48 5,320.95 8.14

2. Agro-industrial products

2,548.90 3,791.35 48.74

3. Principle manufacturing products

80,956.87 92,766.48 14.59

4. Mining and fuel products

2,606.63 8,315.17 219.00

5. Others (special transaction : articles)

694.59    

 Million Baht 2007 2008

84.18%

3.44%4.83%0.00%7.55%

1. Agricultural products

2. Agro-industrial products

3. Principle manufacturing products

4. Mining and fuel products

5. Others (special transaction : articles,

Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand

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Imports Structure

Growth 2007/2008

Total 71,941.70 87,263.50 21.30

1. Fuel lubricants 8,667.80 3,514.00 (59.46)

2. Capital goods 5,578.90 6,754.40 21.07

3. Raw materials and intermediate products

45,136.00 61,464.90 36.18

4. Consumer goods 9,652.60 12,925.70 33.91

5. Vehicles and transport accessories

1,767.90 2,565.80 45.13

6. Arms, munitions used in official services

1,138.40 38.60 (96.61)

 Million Baht 2007 2008

70.44%

4.03%2.94%

14.81% 7.74%0.04%

1. Fuel lubricants 2. Capital goods 3. Raw materials and intermediate products 4. Consumer goods 5. Vehicles and transport accessories 6. Arms, munitions used in official services and

Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand

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2007 2008 Growth Share(Million Baht) (Million Baht) (2008,%) (2008,%)

Polymers of ethylene, propylene, etc in primary forms

9,551.70 10,763.00 12.68 9.77

Iron and steel and their products 12,755.40 10,472.60 (17.90) 9.50 Motor cars, parts and accessories 5,002.00 6,149.10 22.93 5.58 Automatic data processing machines and parts thereof

3,837.00 5,965.60 55.48 5.41

Precious stones and jewellery 3,223.00 5,130.20 59.17 4.66 Spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion piston engines and parts thereof

4,676.70 4,664.40 (0.26) 4.23

Refine fuels 253.00 4,494.00 1,676.43 4.08 Chemical products 3,813.80 4,418.70 15.86 4.01 Machinery and parts thereof 3,916.50 4,338.80 10.78 3.94 Aluminium products 3,106.40 4,295.60 38.28 3.90 Rubber 3,966.40 4,150.10 4.63 3.77 Electronic integrated circuits 1,008.10 3,711.10 268.13 3.37 Radio-broadcast receivers, television receiver and parts thereof

5,292.00 3,065.30 (42.08) 2.78

Animal or vegetable fats and oils 1,048.60 2,652.70 152.98 2.41

Air conditioning machine and parts thereof 1,786.80 2,333.70 30.61 2.12

Insulated wire and cable 810.60 1,769.70 118.31 1.61 Total 20 records 69,252.20 84,771.80 22.41 76.93 Other 22,475.30 25,422.10 13.11 23.07 Total 91,727.50 110,194.00 20.13 100.00

Thailand's major export to India

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2007 2008 growth Share(Million Baht) (Million Baht) (2008,%) (2008,%)

Jewellery including silver bars and gold 14,124.90 13,773.70 (2.49) 15.78 Chemicals 6,996.60 8,681.90 24.09 9.95 Vegetables and vegetable products 4,825.50 10,741.60 122.60 12.31 Electrical household appliances 4,924.20 6,352.00 29.00 7.28 Machinery and parts 3,641.00 3,908.30 7.34 4.48 Other metal ores, metal waste scrap 10,218.70 12,148.50 18.89 13.92 Medicinal and pharmaceutical products 2,626.80 3,007.80 14.51 3.45 Iron, steel and products 2,532.60 7,453.30 194.30 8.54 Parts and accessories of vehicles 1,375.10 1,587.50 15.44 1.82 Yarn and fibers 2,518.60 2,979.00 18.28 3.41 Electrical machinery and parts 966.90 1,351.00 39.73 1.55 Fresh aquatic animals, chilled, frozen, 962.40 1,652.60 71.71 1.89 Fabrics 407.80 580.90 42.43 0.67 Metal manufactures 481.60 723.40 50.21 0.83 Fertilizer and pesticide 645.20 851.90 32.04 0.98 Mineral and mineral products 414.90 540.10 30.20 0.62 Plastic products 501.20 662.60 32.20 0.76 Other capital goods 153.90 303.60 97.31 0.35 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 466.40 732.60 57.07 0.84 Jewellery 238.50 272.20 14.16 0.31 Total 20 records 59,022.80 78,304.80 32.67 89.73 Other 12,918.90 8,958.70 (30.65) 10.27 Total 71,941.70 87,263.50 21.30 100.00

Thailand's major import from India

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5.Areas of Cooperation in Trade and Technology

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39

India-Thai Free Trade Area(ITFTA)

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India-Thai Free Trade Area-November 2001: Formation Joint Negotiating Group (JNG) to create a Framework Agreement, which can conclude in September 2003.

-9 October 2003: signed a framework agreement to establish the FTA.

-cover the liberalization of trade in goods, services and investment services and promoting cooperation in various fields.

Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand

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Highlights of the framework agreement. 1.The liberalization of trade in goods:. - Reduce and eliminate tariffs for products (Early Harvest Scheme: EHS) 82 items from 1 September 2004 and a 0% reduction on September 1, 2006 covers products such as mangosteen, rambutan, Durian canned seafood gems. engine parts fan refrigerator, etc.. - Reduce excise addition EHS within 2010, tax reduction period is divided into 2 types, normal track and sensitive track.

2.Trade and investment services: - make negotiations held agreements to liberalize services trade since 2004 -2006

3 . Economic cooperation: - expanding economic cooperation, trade and investment, such as tourism, construction of health information technology and communications , Banking and finance.

Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand

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ASEAN-India Free Trade Area(AIFTA)

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Negotiation on ASEAN-India Free Trade Area

-Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between ASEAN and India was signed on October 8, 2003 at Bali, Indonesia

-Cover in trade, services, investment, economic

cooperation, dispute settlement mechanism and

flexibility to CLMV

-Trade liberalization : Target to complete

negotiations by July 2007 and reducing excise 0%

by 2011

- Trade, services and investment : Liberalization of

trade, services and investment by segmentSource: Ministry of Commerce Thailand

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44

Updated situation

-ASEAN (except Vietnam) signed “the Agreement of

Trade” in the AEM-India meeting on August 13,

2009. The Agreement will have effect on January 1,

2010

- Meeting on October 12-15, 2009, ASEAN and

India discuss the draft of “the Agreement of Trade,

Services and Investment”

- TNG agreed to summarize the discussions of “the

Agreement of Trade, Services and

Investment”within the AEM Meeting in August

2010 in order to sign the both of agreements on

ASEAN Summit in 2010.Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand

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45

Preferential Access

India

FTA rates at 0-5%: chemicals, plastics & plastic product, fruit juices, rubber tires, automotive components, gemstones and ornaments, petrochemicals, processed foods, furniture, cosmetics and electronic products and toy

NO tariff reduction: agricultural products, rice, sugar, tapioca starch, rubber), farm products (frozen chicken, dairy products), automobiles and certain categories of auto parts, and textiles products

Thailand

FTA rates at 0-5%: chemicals, gemstones and ornaments, petrochemicals, refined copper, machinery& parts, vegetable products, yarn & fibers, and fabrics.

NO tariff reduction: agricultural products, rice, sugar, garlic shallot, tea, coffee, pepper, soya bean, oil-cake), farm products (frozen chicken, dairy products), automobiles and certain categories of auto parts, and textiles products

Source: Ministry of Commerce Thailand

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Sample items and Year eliminate tariffs: AIF TA.

Thailand Rate YearCancelTariffs

Fish (i.e. Salmon). 5% 2013

Fats and vegetable oils. 5% 2013

Chemicals. 0-20% 2013

Gemstone jewelry. 0-5% 2013

copper 0-1% 2016

Pesticides. 1% 2013/2016

Soap and detergent. 20% 2013

Furniture and components.

5-30% 2013/2016

Plastic products. 5-10% 2013

Wood and products made from wood

10-20% 2013

Rubber and products made of rubber

5-30% 2013/2016

India Rate YearCancelTariffs

Television. 10% 2016

Micro Wave oven associated refrigerator fan.

7.5%.10%

2013

Wire and cable. 7.5% 2013/2016

Components of air conditioners.

10% 2013

Transformers and components.

7.5%,10%

2013/2016

Gems and jewelry. 10% 2013

Fruit juice and other fruit processing.

30% 2013

Furniture and components. 10% 2013/2016

Rubber products. 7.5%,10%

2013/2016

Plastic products. 10% 2016

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47

Thank You

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