1 The Cold War “From the outset of post-war peace, a strong rivalry began to grow between Communists and Capitalists of the world– it would last for 45.

11

The Cold WarThe Cold War

““From the outset of post-war peace, a From the outset of post-war peace, a strong rivalry began to grow between strong rivalry began to grow between

Communists and Capitalists of the Communists and Capitalists of the world– it would last for 45 years!”world– it would last for 45 years!”

22

Cold War:Cold War:A Time of Tension or “Almost War”A Time of Tension or “Almost War”

As soon as World War II was over, the Allies split into two camps : As soon as World War II was over, the Allies split into two camps : capitalists (democracies) and communists (totalitarian government).capitalists (democracies) and communists (totalitarian government).

For 45 years (1945-1990), these two super powers (U.S. & For 45 years (1945-1990), these two super powers (U.S. & U.S.S.R.) were in conflict all over the world: who would be the U.S.S.R.) were in conflict all over the world: who would be the world’s primary influence. Several times, war almost broke out.world’s primary influence. Several times, war almost broke out.

Question: Why DIDN’T war break out between the superpowers? Question: Why DIDN’T war break out between the superpowers? (Hint: think about the cost of such a war)(Hint: think about the cost of such a war)

On each “showdown”, list which side seemed to be the winner in On each “showdown”, list which side seemed to be the winner in that particular conflict. Make the categories: US win; USSR win; that particular conflict. Make the categories: US win; USSR win; both win; both lose; no lasting effectboth win; both lose; no lasting effect

33

The United NationsThe United Nations

Following WWII, the world returned to an idea that Following WWII, the world returned to an idea that President Woodrow Wilson had wanted: an international President Woodrow Wilson had wanted: an international peace organization that could help prevent future wars. peace organization that could help prevent future wars. So, the League of Nations became the United Nations; So, the League of Nations became the United Nations; the headquarters was moved from Paris to New York.the headquarters was moved from Paris to New York.

44

Animal Farm:Animal Farm:““A Predictor of Conflict to Come”A Predictor of Conflict to Come”In 1942, George Orwell In 1942, George Orwell wrote a book about the wrote a book about the potential conflict that potential conflict that would arise between would arise between Communists and Communists and Capitalists in the world. Capitalists in the world. Orwell (whose real name Orwell (whose real name was Eric Blair) had seen was Eric Blair) had seen communism’s faults in communism’s faults in person while living in person while living in Spain. Orwell saw that Spain. Orwell saw that the world would fall into the world would fall into two camps of two camps of government.government.

55

Animal Farm:Animal Farm:““A Predictor of Conflict to Come”A Predictor of Conflict to Come”Orwell knew that democracy promised individual rights and private Orwell knew that democracy promised individual rights and private enterprise. Communists argued that this only promoted “the rich to enterprise. Communists argued that this only promoted “the rich to get richer” while the “poor got poorer.” Communists would have the get richer” while the “poor got poorer.” Communists would have the government control everything, limit individual rights, BUT re-government control everything, limit individual rights, BUT re-distribute the wealth so all would be treated equally. distribute the wealth so all would be treated equally.

Orwell warned that communism would seek to overthrow Orwell warned that communism would seek to overthrow democracies throughout the world. (“Workers of the world”- UNITE!)democracies throughout the world. (“Workers of the world”- UNITE!)

Ironically, he could not find a publisher for his book until AFTER the Ironically, he could not find a publisher for his book until AFTER the war in 1945.war in 1945.

Question: Why would English publishers be unwilling to criticize the Question: Why would English publishers be unwilling to criticize the U.S.S.R. during World War II? U.S.S.R. during World War II?

66

Harry Truman’s Containment Harry Truman’s Containment TheoryTheory

Harry Truman understood the Harry Truman understood the predictions of Karl Marx that predictions of Karl Marx that the whole world would turn to the whole world would turn to communism eventually. He communism eventually. He proposed that the “free world” proposed that the “free world” should not seek to wipe out should not seek to wipe out communism, but keep it from communism, but keep it from spreading.spreading.

““The free people of the world The free people of the world look to us for support in look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms.”maintaining their freedoms.”

Harry TrumanHarry Truman

Question: How is Truman’s Question: How is Truman’s view on communism similar to view on communism similar to Lincoln’s view on slavery?Lincoln’s view on slavery?

77

George Marshall’s PlanGeorge Marshall’s Plan

Secretary of State (and ex-Secretary of State (and ex-general) George Marshall general) George Marshall proposed a plan for America to proposed a plan for America to help re-build Europe. From help re-build Europe. From 1948-1952, the U.S. gave $12 1948-1952, the U.S. gave $12 billion to Western Europe.billion to Western Europe.

Eastern European countries, Eastern European countries, under Soviet influence, refused under Soviet influence, refused to accept the aid. to accept the aid.

Communism v. Capitalism had Communism v. Capitalism had begun to become a conflict begun to become a conflict that Orwell had predicted.that Orwell had predicted.

88

N.A.T.O. versus Warsaw PactN.A.T.O. versus Warsaw Pact

Part of the punishment for Germany causing a 2Part of the punishment for Germany causing a 2ndnd world world war was they were not allowed to remain a sovereign war was they were not allowed to remain a sovereign country. In essence, they were put into “time-out” with country. In essence, they were put into “time-out” with England, France, and the U.S. controlling West Germany England, France, and the U.S. controlling West Germany while the U.S.S.R. controlled East Germany. In 1948, it while the U.S.S.R. controlled East Germany. In 1948, it was proposed to let Germany re-join, but the U.S.S.R. was proposed to let Germany re-join, but the U.S.S.R. said it should not happen. Berlin was also split into parts.said it should not happen. Berlin was also split into parts.

99

N.A.T.O. versus Warsaw PactN.A.T.O. versus Warsaw Pact

The United States realized that world wars The United States realized that world wars were a constant threat, as this was the 2were a constant threat, as this was the 2ndnd war in which America went to the “rescue” war in which America went to the “rescue” of the democracies of Europe. of the democracies of Europe. Isolationalism was no longer an option; Isolationalism was no longer an option; The U.S. proposed to form an alliance with The U.S. proposed to form an alliance with Europe: North Atlantic Treaty Organization Europe: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In retaliation, the U.S.S.R. formed (NATO). In retaliation, the U.S.S.R. formed the Warsaw Pact to oppose NATO in the Warsaw Pact to oppose NATO in 1959.1959.

1010

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

The Soviets did not like having to share Berlin with the NATO powers. So, to force the The Soviets did not like having to share Berlin with the NATO powers. So, to force the NATO forces to leave, the Soviets cut off all roads and air fields to the Allies. Stalin NATO forces to leave, the Soviets cut off all roads and air fields to the Allies. Stalin would try to force the evacuation of West Berlin by starvation. Truman told Stalin that would try to force the evacuation of West Berlin by starvation. Truman told Stalin that he would airlift supplies to West Berlin and if Stalin shot down any planes, this would he would airlift supplies to West Berlin and if Stalin shot down any planes, this would be considered an act of war. Stalin backed down.be considered an act of war. Stalin backed down.

FYI: Mr. Griffin’s mother was a child whose family was stationed in West Berlin at the FYI: Mr. Griffin’s mother was a child whose family was stationed in West Berlin at the time. Her father was a chaplain in the army. Her family was saved by the Berlin Airlift time. Her father was a chaplain in the army. Her family was saved by the Berlin Airlift and her father talked of how close the world came to another conflict.and her father talked of how close the world came to another conflict.

1111

The M.A.D. Scheme The M.A.D. Scheme of Nuclear Warof Nuclear War

The Soviets realized that their struggle with the Western The Soviets realized that their struggle with the Western democracies would be in vain if they did not develop democracies would be in vain if they did not develop atomic/ nuclear weapons. So, they began to build their atomic/ nuclear weapons. So, they began to build their own bomb, and on September 3, 1949, they successfully own bomb, and on September 3, 1949, they successfully exploded their own atomic bomb.exploded their own atomic bomb.

With both sides having these weapons that could destroy With both sides having these weapons that could destroy a whole city, neither side could hope to win a nuclear a whole city, neither side could hope to win a nuclear war. They both could bomb the other, but they could not war. They both could bomb the other, but they could not stop the other side from doing the same. Thus, a nuclear stop the other side from doing the same. Thus, a nuclear war would have “mutally assured destruction” (M.A.D.) war would have “mutally assured destruction” (M.A.D.) as neither side would survive!as neither side would survive!

1212

Bomb Shelters & SurvivalBomb Shelters & Survival

1313

Nuclear War = Win-able?Nuclear War = Win-able?

1414

China turns to CommunismChina turns to Communism

In October 1949, the world received a shock that In October 1949, the world received a shock that communism was spreading throughout the communism was spreading throughout the world. Chiang Kai-shek’s government was world. Chiang Kai-shek’s government was overthrown by Chinese Communists led Mao overthrown by Chinese Communists led Mao Zedong. Kai-shek fled to the island of Taiwan. Zedong. Kai-shek fled to the island of Taiwan. Though China and the U.S.S.R. would be rivals, Though China and the U.S.S.R. would be rivals, the land mass of the two countries was almost ¼ the land mass of the two countries was almost ¼ of the earth’s surface. of the earth’s surface.

Communism was spreading just like Karl Marx Communism was spreading just like Karl Marx had predicted in his book, “The Communist had predicted in his book, “The Communist Manifesto”!Manifesto”!

1515

The Korean WarThe Korean War1950-19531950-1953

Korea had been a Korea had been a Japanese colony from Japanese colony from 1910-1945. Once WWII 1910-1945. Once WWII was over, Korea was split was over, Korea was split into two countries along into two countries along the 38the 38thth parallel. North parallel. North Korea would be under Korea would be under Communist control; South Communist control; South Korea would be under Korea would be under Democratic control.Democratic control.

In June (1950), North In June (1950), North Koreans invaded South Koreans invaded South Korea to take it over.Korea to take it over.

1616


This was a major test This was a major test for the United for the United Nations. President Nations. President Truman got the U.N. Truman got the U.N. to sanction troops to to sanction troops to be sent to liberate be sent to liberate South Korea. General South Korea. General Douglass MacArthur Douglass MacArthur was put in charge of was put in charge of the liberation.the liberation.

1717


MacArthur succeeded and pushed into North Korea. MacArthur succeeded and pushed into North Korea. China, which had become Communist in 1948, vowed to China, which had become Communist in 1948, vowed to enter the war with North Korea. A potential 3enter the war with North Korea. A potential 3rdrd world war world war was imminent: MacArthur was ordered to cease his was imminent: MacArthur was ordered to cease his attack. When he complained publicly about President attack. When he complained publicly about President Truman’s orders, he was relieved of his command. (The Truman’s orders, he was relieved of his command. (The President has the power of “Commander-in-Chief”)President has the power of “Commander-in-Chief”)

1818


In 1952, Dwight In 1952, Dwight Eisenhower is elected Eisenhower is elected President of the U.S. He President of the U.S. He promises to go to Korea promises to go to Korea and end the war. He gets and end the war. He gets the 38the 38thth parallel re- parallel re-established and North established and North Korea & South Korea Korea & South Korea exist to this day. This is exist to this day. This is seen as a victory for the seen as a victory for the U.S. because South U.S. because South Korea was preserved.Korea was preserved.

1919


54,000 Americans and 2 million Korean and Chinese lives were lost. 54,000 Americans and 2 million Korean and Chinese lives were lost. But the war showed that the world could unite to stop a threat in the But the war showed that the world could unite to stop a threat in the world.world.

The T.V. show “M.A.S.H.” was about the Korean War. It brought up The T.V. show “M.A.S.H.” was about the Korean War. It brought up many questions about warfare to the viewing audience. It was on many questions about warfare to the viewing audience. It was on during the 1970’s.during the 1970’s.

2020

The Red ScareThe Red Scare

““American Reds American Reds (communists) are (communists) are everywhere– in factories, everywhere– in factories, offices, butcher stores, on offices, butcher stores, on street corners, in private street corners, in private businesses– and each businesses– and each carries in himself the carries in himself the germ of death for germ of death for society.”society.”

--Truman’s attorney --Truman’s attorney generalgeneral

2121


In 1950, Senator Joseph In 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy (Wisconsin) McCarthy (Wisconsin) announced that he had a announced that he had a list of 57 State list of 57 State Department employees Department employees who were secretly who were secretly members of the members of the Communist Party. This Communist Party. This led to four years of led to four years of investigations into many investigations into many people.people.

2222


McCarthy seemed to infer McCarthy seemed to infer that Communists were that Communists were everywhere and were everywhere and were planning to overthrow the planning to overthrow the U.S. Men like Ed Morrow U.S. Men like Ed Morrow (a news broadcaster) (a news broadcaster) challenged some of his challenged some of his beliefs. Many people who beliefs. Many people who were accused of were accused of attending a single speech attending a single speech on Communism in college on Communism in college lost their job, movie role, lost their job, movie role, etc. Paranoia began to etc. Paranoia began to spread throughout the spread throughout the land.land.

2323

Hero or “Glory Hound”?Hero or “Glory Hound”?

2424

The Space RaceThe Space Race

In 1957, the Soviets In 1957, the Soviets launched the 1launched the 1stst artificial satellite into artificial satellite into outer space (Sputnik). outer space (Sputnik). Nikita Krushchev, Nikita Krushchev, who had replaced who had replaced Joseph Stalin, Joseph Stalin, claimed that new claimed that new satellites would be satellites would be able to soar over the able to soar over the United States!United States!

2525


This led to an increase in education in the United States, as students were This led to an increase in education in the United States, as students were encouraged into taking more science and math classes.encouraged into taking more science and math classes.

Also, the National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) was started Also, the National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) was started in 1958.in 1958.

The “Space Race” was on!The “Space Race” was on!

2626


The United States quickly got men into orbit like John The United States quickly got men into orbit like John Glenn, and the “Space Race” became the focal point of Glenn, and the “Space Race” became the focal point of the 1960’s. John F. Kennedy, who was elected in 1960, the 1960’s. John F. Kennedy, who was elected in 1960, predicted that we would put a man on the moon by the predicted that we would put a man on the moon by the end of the decade! Neil Armstrong made that prediction end of the decade! Neil Armstrong made that prediction come true!come true!

2727

U-2 IncidentU-2 Incident(1959)(1959)

Because of the fear of the Because of the fear of the technological advances technological advances by the Soviets, President by the Soviets, President Eisenhower ordered high-Eisenhower ordered high-flying U-2 planes to fly flying U-2 planes to fly over the USSR. When over the USSR. When one got shot down, we one got shot down, we denied it had been there. denied it had been there. The Soviets then The Soviets then provided the pilot, Gary provided the pilot, Gary Powers, who had Powers, who had survived the plane crash.survived the plane crash.

2828

Fidel Castro:Fidel Castro:Communist King of ChaosCommunist King of Chaos

In 1959, Fidel Castro overthrew Fulgenci Batista as dictator of Cuba. Castro In 1959, Fidel Castro overthrew Fulgenci Batista as dictator of Cuba. Castro then told the U.S. that he would no longer want the U.S. as an ally, but then told the U.S. that he would no longer want the U.S. as an ally, but would accept aid from the Soviet Union. Cuba, which is 90 miles south of would accept aid from the Soviet Union. Cuba, which is 90 miles south of Miami, would become a major “hotbed” of controversy for the U.S. Miami, would become a major “hotbed” of controversy for the U.S. Presidents for many years.Presidents for many years.

FYI: Calvin Griffith, owner of the Minnesota Twins said that his biggest FYI: Calvin Griffith, owner of the Minnesota Twins said that his biggest regret in baseball was letting a young lefty go when his arm got hurt. That regret in baseball was letting a young lefty go when his arm got hurt. That young man went back to his native Cuba and led a revolution- Fidel Castro!young man went back to his native Cuba and led a revolution- Fidel Castro!

2929

Bay of PigsBay of Pigs

On April 17, 1961, exiles from Cuba returned to the Bay On April 17, 1961, exiles from Cuba returned to the Bay of Pigs to overthrow Castro. President John F. Kennedy of Pigs to overthrow Castro. President John F. Kennedy had promised air support, but changed his mind; he did had promised air support, but changed his mind; he did not want to risk war with the Soviet Union. Castro not want to risk war with the Soviet Union. Castro defeats the Cuban exiles easily and boasts of victory.defeats the Cuban exiles easily and boasts of victory.

3030

Berlin is Split: West & EastBerlin is Split: West & East

When the Berlin Wall When the Berlin Wall was built, JFK went to was built, JFK went to visit to inspire the visit to inspire the German people and German people and to denounce the wall. to denounce the wall. The crowd went wild The crowd went wild when he said, “I am a when he said, “I am a Berliner” …in Berliner” …in German!German!

3131

Berlin Wall is BuiltBerlin Wall is Built

By the 1960’s, many East By the 1960’s, many East Germans were leaving for Germans were leaving for West Germany; in West Germany; in essence, they were essence, they were choosing a democratic choosing a democratic life over a communistic life over a communistic one. So, barriers were one. So, barriers were built between the two built between the two nations and even through nations and even through the city of Berlin!the city of Berlin!

3232

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

3333

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

In October of 1962, JFK learned that the USSR was sending nuclear In October of 1962, JFK learned that the USSR was sending nuclear missiles to Cuba AND Castro was allowing missile sites to be built. missiles to Cuba AND Castro was allowing missile sites to be built. From there, most cities of the eastern US could be attacked by From there, most cities of the eastern US could be attacked by nuclear weapons. JFK ordered a blockade of Cuba and told Kruschev nuclear weapons. JFK ordered a blockade of Cuba and told Kruschev that the missiles would NOT be allowed into Cuba. The US made its that the missiles would NOT be allowed into Cuba. The US made its case with the United Nations. During those 13 days, the world was case with the United Nations. During those 13 days, the world was close to World War III. However, Kruschev backed down when the US close to World War III. However, Kruschev backed down when the US agreed to leave a base in Turkey if the USSR left Cubaagreed to leave a base in Turkey if the USSR left Cuba

3434

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

3535

Showdown at the Castro CorralShowdown at the Castro Corral

3636

Reality v. Virtual RealityReality v. Virtual Reality

3737

Vietnam WarVietnam War(1959-1974)(1959-1974)

The Communists revolution then spread to Vietnam. The The Communists revolution then spread to Vietnam. The North Vietnamese (Vietcong) were supported by the North Vietnamese (Vietcong) were supported by the USSR & China in their communist revolution. South USSR & China in their communist revolution. South Vietnam was supported by the United States when the Vietnam was supported by the United States when the Vietcong invaded and wanted to re-unite the country Vietcong invaded and wanted to re-unite the country under the banner of Communism.under the banner of Communism.

3838


From Presidents From Presidents Eisenhower, JFK, and Eisenhower, JFK, and LBJ, it was decided LBJ, it was decided that military advisors that military advisors and troops would be and troops would be sent in to stop the sent in to stop the attacks of the attacks of the Vietcong. The Tet Vietcong. The Tet Offensive and the fall Offensive and the fall of Saigon were two of Saigon were two downfalls for the U.S.downfalls for the U.S.

3939


4040


To combat the guerilla tactics of the Vietcong, new To combat the guerilla tactics of the Vietcong, new weapons were invented such as Agent Orange and weapons were invented such as Agent Orange and napalm. Agent Orange is sprayed on the foliage to kill it napalm. Agent Orange is sprayed on the foliage to kill it (and remove hiding places); napalm is a jellied explosive (and remove hiding places); napalm is a jellied explosive that is hard to remove off a person. Weapons had to that is hard to remove off a person. Weapons had to adjust to the jungle terrain and the “hit & run” tactics of adjust to the jungle terrain and the “hit & run” tactics of the Vietcong.the Vietcong.

4141

Iraqi War = New Vietnam ???Iraqi War = New Vietnam ???(Secretary Donald Rumsfeld is driving)(Secretary Donald Rumsfeld is driving)

4242

Détente: A “lessening” of tensionDétente: A “lessening” of tensionNixon Ends Vietnam War, Makes Visit to Communist ChinaNixon Ends Vietnam War, Makes Visit to Communist China

Besides ending the Vietnam War, President Nixon also Besides ending the Vietnam War, President Nixon also wanted to reduce the tensions with Communist China. wanted to reduce the tensions with Communist China. Up to this point, the U.S. had recognized the island of Up to this point, the U.S. had recognized the island of Taiwan as the official “China”. Communist China Taiwan as the official “China”. Communist China recognized Taiwan as a “renegade island” that was part recognized Taiwan as a “renegade island” that was part of Communist China. Nixon’s visit to China lowered of Communist China. Nixon’s visit to China lowered tensions that had built up during the Vietnam War.tensions that had built up during the Vietnam War.

4343

Détente: Communication Among Détente: Communication Among the “Super Powers” of the World!the “Super Powers” of the World!

4444

Nixon & WatergateNixon & Watergate

On June 17, 1972, @ On June 17, 1972, @ 2:30 a.m., 5 men were 2:30 a.m., 5 men were caught breaking into the caught breaking into the Watergate Hotel to steal Watergate Hotel to steal Democratic strategy for Democratic strategy for the upcoming election & the upcoming election & to place wiretaps. to place wiretaps.

Nixon’s own White House Nixon’s own White House tapes supplied evidence tapes supplied evidence that he knew of the that he knew of the break-in and the cover-up break-in and the cover-up in the Congressional in the Congressional investigation.investigation.

4545

Nixon & WatergateNixon & Watergate

Nixon was forced by the Nixon was forced by the U.S. Supreme Court to U.S. Supreme Court to surrender the tapes; there surrender the tapes; there were several “erased” were several “erased” sections.sections.

Nixon resigned when it Nixon resigned when it became apparent that became apparent that Congress was preparing Congress was preparing to impeach him and to impeach him and remove him from office.remove him from office.

4646

President Carter’s Plan to Reduce President Carter’s Plan to Reduce Nuclear Weapons: SALT II TreatyNuclear Weapons: SALT II Treaty

In 1976, Jimmy Carter was elected as President of the In 1976, Jimmy Carter was elected as President of the United States. Besides being the 1United States. Besides being the 1stst Georgian to be Georgian to be elected to that office, Carter met with Leonid Brezhnev to elected to that office, Carter met with Leonid Brezhnev to have a “strategic arms limitation treaty (SALT). Because have a “strategic arms limitation treaty (SALT). Because each side had enough weapons to destroy each other each side had enough weapons to destroy each other many times over, both countries agreed to limit new many times over, both countries agreed to limit new weapons and dismantle many old ones.weapons and dismantle many old ones.

4747

Carter & Camp David AccordsCarter & Camp David Accords

President Carter President Carter invited Anwar Sadat invited Anwar Sadat of Egypt & Menachem of Egypt & Menachem Begin of Israel to a 12 Begin of Israel to a 12 day meeting to day meeting to establish the 1establish the 1stst signed peace treaty signed peace treaty between Israel & an between Israel & an Arab country.Arab country.

4848

The Iran Hostage CrisisThe Iran Hostage Crisis

The Ayatollah Khomeni The Ayatollah Khomeni led a revolt against the led a revolt against the Shah in Iran. The Shah Shah in Iran. The Shah fled in exile to the U.S. for fled in exile to the U.S. for cancer treatments. cancer treatments.

On 11/04/79, the U.S. On 11/04/79, the U.S. Embassy is attacked & 52 Embassy is attacked & 52 hostages are held- to hostages are held- to demand the Shah to be demand the Shah to be returned to Iran. They returned to Iran. They were held for 444 days- were held for 444 days- until a new president until a new president (Reagan was elected).(Reagan was elected).

4949

Soviets Invade AfghanistanSoviets Invade Afghanistan

In 1979, The Soviets In 1979, The Soviets invaded Afghanistan. The invaded Afghanistan. The U.S. began to help with U.S. began to help with weapons, machinery, and weapons, machinery, and expertise. This war expertise. This war lingers for many years; lingers for many years; some called it the some called it the USSR’s “Vietnam”USSR’s “Vietnam”

(“Charlie Wilson’s War” , (“Charlie Wilson’s War” , starring Tom Hanks, is starring Tom Hanks, is about a U.S. about a U.S. Congressman who sends Congressman who sends supplies to Afghanistan).supplies to Afghanistan).

5050

Diplomacy, Boycotts, “Cold Front” Diplomacy, Boycotts, “Cold Front” Returns for U.S. & USSRReturns for U.S. & USSR

President Carter also refused to allow our athletes to attend the 1980 President Carter also refused to allow our athletes to attend the 1980 Moscow Olympics as a response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In Moscow Olympics as a response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In retailation, the USSR refused to attend the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.retailation, the USSR refused to attend the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.

FYI: During the Cold War, there were two German teams and Korean FYI: During the Cold War, there were two German teams and Korean teams: North (communist) and South (capitalist).teams: North (communist) and South (capitalist).

Question: Who was hurt the most by these boycotts?Question: Who was hurt the most by these boycotts?

5151

President Reagan:President Reagan:“The Soviet Union is The Evil Empire”“The Soviet Union is The Evil Empire”

In the 1980’s, President In the 1980’s, President Reagan took a tough Reagan took a tough approach to the Soviet approach to the Soviet Union- he even called Union- he even called them “the evil empire”. He them “the evil empire”. He also called on the new also called on the new Russian leader, Mikail Russian leader, Mikail Gorbachev to bring down Gorbachev to bring down the Berlin Wall.the Berlin Wall.

Question: Do you Question: Do you remember what president remember what president spoke out when it was spoke out when it was built in the early 1960’s?built in the early 1960’s?

5252

Reaganomics and Iran-ContraReaganomics and Iran-Contra

Reagonomics, or “supply side” Reagonomics, or “supply side” economics believed in tax cuts economics believed in tax cuts for the rich, and the effects for the rich, and the effects would trickle down to the poor.would trickle down to the poor.

Oliver North, testifying about the Oliver North, testifying about the weapons given to free the weapons given to free the Iranian hostages Iranian hostages minutes minutes after after President Reagan was sworn President Reagan was sworn into office. into office.

Money was also sent to the Money was also sent to the Contra Rebels in Nicaragua Contra Rebels in Nicaragua without Congressional approval.without Congressional approval.

5353

1989: The Wall Comes A’ Tumblin’ 1989: The Wall Comes A’ Tumblin’ Down!Down!

5454

Georgia Congressman (Lanny McDonald) dies when Georgia Congressman (Lanny McDonald) dies when Soviets shoot down Korean Airliner in their airspace! Soviets shoot down Korean Airliner in their airspace!

(Accident or Conspiracy?)(Accident or Conspiracy?)

5555

U.S. Increases Spending to Build U.S. Increases Spending to Build Star Wars!!!Star Wars!!!

President Reagan persuaded Congress to spend billions of dollars on “Star Wars”- President Reagan persuaded Congress to spend billions of dollars on “Star Wars”- the satellite defense system (not the movie)! Star Wars would allow satellites to shoot the satellite defense system (not the movie)! Star Wars would allow satellites to shoot Soviet missles out of the sky. This would end the M.A.D. scenario (“mutally assured Soviet missles out of the sky. This would end the M.A.D. scenario (“mutally assured destruction), and it forced the Soviets to increase their spending on defense to “catch-destruction), and it forced the Soviets to increase their spending on defense to “catch-up” at a time when the Soviet economy was collapsing. This proved to be the “straw up” at a time when the Soviet economy was collapsing. This proved to be the “straw that broke the camel’s back”, as new Soviet leaders ended communism in their that broke the camel’s back”, as new Soviet leaders ended communism in their country & changed their name back to Russia.country & changed their name back to Russia.

FYI: Ironically, the United States never completed the Star Wars defense system. In FYI: Ironically, the United States never completed the Star Wars defense system. In essence, the threat of such an advantage for the Americans led to the USSR collapseessence, the threat of such an advantage for the Americans led to the USSR collapse

5656

Free Enterprise + Democracy = Free Enterprise + Democracy = Incentive to Do WellIncentive to Do Well

The major economic problem The major economic problem that communism faced was that communism faced was that people had no incentive to that people had no incentive to work hard: they didn’t benefit work hard: they didn’t benefit from their hard work and from their hard work and ingenuity- the government got ingenuity- the government got all the benefits.all the benefits.

Also, Communism was not Also, Communism was not able to treat everyone equally. able to treat everyone equally. A few still “got richer” while A few still “got richer” while many “got poorer”. So, people many “got poorer”. So, people in a communistic society had in a communistic society had the same problems as a the same problems as a capitalistic society with NONE capitalistic society with NONE of the individual benefits or of the individual benefits or freedoms! freedoms!

5757

Chinese Students Protest Chinese Students Protest CommunismCommunism

in Tienamen Square (1989) in Tienamen Square (1989)

5858

President Clinton & NAFTAPresident Clinton & NAFTA

The North American The North American Free Trade Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Agreement (NAFTA) was a trade treaty was a trade treaty between Canada, US, between Canada, US, and Mexico. and Mexico.

It was to strengthen It was to strengthen the ties between the the ties between the three countries.three countries.

5959

NAFTA Trade DataNAFTA Trade Data

6060

Russian Leaders:Russian Leaders:Mikail Gorbachev & Boris YeltsinMikail Gorbachev & Boris Yeltsin

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Communism Today:Communism Today:Cuba, China, Vietnam, North KoreaCuba, China, Vietnam, North Korea

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What Is The Future of What Is The Future of Communism?Communism?

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Fighting New Enemies: TerroristsFighting New Enemies: Terrorists

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Remembering the Past, Remembering the Past, Moving Towards the FutureMoving Towards the Future

1 The Cold War “From the outset of post-war peace, a strong rivalry began to grow between Communists and Capitalists of the world– it would last for 45.

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