The Cold War The Cold War Heats Up
Jan 13, 2016
The Cold War
The Cold War Heats Up
China Becomes Communist
• Communists vs Nationalists
• Chiang Kai-shek vs Mao Zedong
• Nationalists govt was inefficient and corrupt
• How did the nationalists alienate the farmers?
• How did the communists gain support?
China’s Civil War
• Both sides work together to defeat Japanese
• After WWII go back to fighting each other
• U.S favors Nationalists• U.S. sends aid/military supplies
• Communists comes out victorious/Nationalists settle in Taiwan
• Americans stunned that China becomes communist
The Korean War
• Korean peninsula is free of Japanese rule after WWII
• Similar situation as Germany• 2 Nations are created
• North Korea decides to attack South when U.S pulls out in 1949.
• June 25,1950 the North surprise attacks South
The Korean War
• The UN votes to intervene in Korea
• On June 27 Truman orders troops to the South
• 90% of troops are American
The Korean War
• North has early victories
• MacArthur counter attacks. • Half of the North troops surrender• The rest retreat across 38th parallel
• The South is almost victorious in reuniting the peninsula
• But China enters the fight
• Why did China want the North to be communist?
MacArthur vs Truman
• MacArthur wants to Nuke Chinese cities
• Truman rejects the idea- would cause WWIII
• MacArthur goes over Truman’s head• Starts talking to press, public
• What is the presidents title?
• MacArthur is fired by Truman
• Public doesn’t approve
• http://www.history.com/topics/korean-war/videos#truman-sacks-general-macarthur
• Did Truman do the right thing?
Stalemate
• Korean War ends in Stalemate
• 1953 armistice to end war is signed• Still what we have today
• 54,000 Americans KIA
• Cost $67 Billion
• Increased fear of spread of communism
The cold war at home
• Fear of Communist influence
• Fear that communism would spread around the world
• 80,000 Americans members of Communist Party
• Loyalty Review Board- What was the purpose?
• 3.2 million employees investigated in 4 years
• Was it constitutional?
The cold war at home
• HUAC- What was its purpose?
• Movie industry was first target- Why?
• Hollywood Ten
• Was it unconstitutional?
• Created a blacklist
• Mccaran Act- Truman Vetoed it. Was he right?
Spy cases
• Alger Hiss- Former state department employee
• The Rosenbergs
• U.S. shocked when Soviets test atomic bomb in 1949
• Believed they were much farther away
• Someone had to have given them our secrets
• Do you think they were guilty?
McCarthy
• Joseph McCarthy- senator from Wisconsin
• Strong Anti-Communist
• He needed an issue to get reelected on
• Creates a “Witch-Hunt”
• McCarthyism- making unfounded accusations
• Claimed he had the names of communists in govermnent
• No Republicans speak out against him. Why?
Mccarthy
• 1954- McCarthy down fall begins
• Makes accusations against the army
• Lost public support during congressional hearing. Why?
• Died 3 years later- broke and an acloholic
• Anti-communist fear spread throughout the nation
• 1953- 39 States passed laws preventing the violent over throw of the government.
Two nations live on the edge
• Brinksmanship rules U.S. Policy
• What is brinksmanship?
• Arms race begins
• Development of the H-Bomb
• Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes president
• John Foster Dulles- strong anti communist
• What did the U.S. do to its armed forces?
• What was our military policy?
• Fog of War- 3:00-3:45
The Cold War Spreads
• CIA- what was its purpose?
• Covert actions in the Middle East and Latin America
• CIA aids overthrow of government in Iran
• Covert actions in Guatemala, Mexico
• Stalin dies in 1953
• Warsaw Pact- What did it do?
• Summit in Geneva- step towards peace?
The Cold war spreads
• The Suez War
• Fight over control of the Suez Canal
• The Eisenhower Doctrine
• U.S. would defend Middle East against communism
• The Hungarian Uprising
• Was the crisis in Hungary a contradiction of U.S. policy?
The cold war takes to the skies
• Nikita Krushchev is new leader of USSR
• He believed in peaceful spread of communism
• Favored peaceful coexistence with competition
• The Space Race
• Soviets launch Sputnik
• U.S is beaten to space
The cold war takes to the Skies
• U-2 is shot down- spy plane
• Eisenhower wants to discontinue them
• Dulles gets him to keep them
• Krushchev feeels betrayed
• Eisenhower wont apologize
• Tensions rise again, bigger than ever