1 Roadway User Costs Nathaniel D. Coley Jr. Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems Work Zone User Costs Nathaniel D. Coley Jr. Federal Highway Administration.

1

Roadway User CostsNathaniel D. Coley Jr.

Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems Work Zone User Costs

Nathaniel D. Coley Jr.

Federal Highway Administration

2


Agenda

Topics1.Analysis Basics2.User Costs Components3.Conceptual Framework4.Example5.Conclusion

3


Premise

4


The PBES Decision

1.Qualify?

2.Quantify. Monetize Benefits

5


Strategy – Compare Costs

Value and compare WZ Roadway User Costs for traditional approach and use of PBES to determine if the construction premium justifies additional investment.

6


Strategy – Compare costs

Work Zone Impacts from Traditional Construction V.S.

Work Zone Impacts from PBES

Traditional Construction costs V.S. PBES Construction Costs

7


Roadway User Costs Components

DefinitionCosts to highway users over the life of a Highway ProjectComponents•Delay Costs – Costs associated with an increase (or decrease) in the amount of time it takes for a user to travel from point A to B. (In our case, navigating through or around a work zone)•Vehicle Operating Costs – Costs attributable to the operation or maintenance of a vehicle(brake wear, idling, fuel consumption, tire ware, etc.)•Crash costs-Cost resulting from property damage, injuries, or loss of life

8


Roadway User Costs - Roadway User Time Value

• Business travel is valued at wage plus benefits

• Personal travel is valued at what travelers are willing to pay to reduce travel time •Usually a percentage of wage

• People do value their time

9


Roadway User Costs

• Vehicle Operating costs are a function of additional wear and tear on the vehicle caused by the work zone.

• Costs include:• Fuel Consumption• Engine Oil Consumption• Tire Wear• Repair & Maintenance• Mileage related depreciation

10


Roadway User Costs

• Depreciation costs are a function of aging and usage over time.

• Sources of data includes American Automobile Association(AAA), American Transportation Research Institute(ATRI)

11


Roadway User Costs

• Crash costs are a function of the change in crash rates caused by work zones.

• Crash costs are a function of:• Crash rate/frequency• Crash Severity• Unit Cost of crashes

12


Comparing Work Zones Strategies

• Each construction/WZ strategy involves tradeoffs•Agency vs. user costs•Initial vs. long-term costs

• An analysis of roadway user costs permits comparison of cost tradeoffs

13


Benefits from Transportation investments

16 17 18 19 20

Initial Capital

Cost

Year

Dollars

Benefits

Costs

1514131211109876543210

Typical Life-Cycle Profile: A Project Level Perspective

Example Direct Benefits•Life-Cycle Cost Savings•Reduced Accident Costs•Reductions in Delay Costs•Reduced noise or emissions

Example Indirect Benefits•Land use impacts•Employment•Non-user benefits

14


1. Existing Costs on construction Route(Pre-WZ)2. Additional Costs from WZ

Work Zone

1. Existing cost on detour route(Pre-WZ)2. Additional Costs of detoured traffic on Detour Route

WZ Impacts

15


Conceptual Work-Zone impact on travel speed

16


Benefits

ActivitiesMajor Activity

Initial Activity

Costs

$

$

Time

Time What is the present value of future sums?

What are the minimum “life-cycle cost” strategies?

)()1(

1

0

tt

N

tt

CostBenefitr

NPV

17


Example

Traditional Concrete Girder Construction vs. Precast Beams with slab sections,

2 -24 hour closure vs. 3 months of nighttime work zones

25,000 vehicles Average Daily Traffic, rising to 60,000 ADT in 35 years

18


Example (Continued)

• Precast Section is estimated to cost 20% more than traditional approach but last 20% longer

• Nighttime work zones increase agency cost by 10%

19


Example (Continued)

4% real discount rate35 year analysis period24 hr WZNight Work

20


Example Results

Agency User Agency User

Present Value $2,605 $4,969 $2,865 $1,226

Present Value $2,721 $3,715 $2,987 $1,055

Costs Over 35 Years in $1000

Trad. - 24 Hr WZ Trad. - Night Only

PBES - 24 Hr WZ PBES - Night Only

21


Example Results (Continued)

Least cost option for the agency (Traditional/24 hours) is highest cost for travelers

Using PBES reduces traveler cost due to shorter initial construction time and fewer rehabilitations

Nighttime work zones eliminate most of delay for Traditional and PBES at little additional cost to the agency

22


Quantifying Benefits of PBES

Need simple way of quantifying, “time savings, cost savings, safety advantages, and convenience.”

23


Work-Zone Costs - Find the Number

$0

$2,000,000

$4,000,000

$6,000,000

$8,000,000

$10,000,000

$12,000,000

$14,000,000

$16,000,000

$18,000,000

$20,000,000

$22,000,000

$24,000,000

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300

Dai

ly R

UC

pe

r m

ile

in 2

01

0 $

Two-way AADT (in thousands)

InterstateDaytime 10-hour Closure (7:00 to 17:00 hours)

2 Normal Lanes - 1 Lane Open 3 Normal Lanes - 1 Lane Open 4 Normal Lanes - 1 Lane Open3 Normal Lanes - 2 Lanes Open 4 Normal Lanes - 2 Lanes Open 4 Normal Lanes - 3 Lanes Open

24


Conclusion

1. Analysis for deciding to implement PBES is a function of:• Direct User impacts(capacity analysis of

monetized costs to Users)• Life-cycle cost savings?

2. Resources exist(Complex to simple)

25


FHWA Resources

• FHWA Work-Zone Road User Costs•Process•Values•References•One-Stop Shop on good practice calculating Work-zone user costs

• Bridge Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Workshop• FHWA Rule of Thumb Charts(Draft Final)• FHWA BLCCA Tool(Under Development)• FHWA RealCost LCCA Software(free excel

spreadsheet)

26

Roadway User CostsNathaniel D. Coley Jr.Proposed Transportation Bill- Performance

ManagementProposed Performance Goals• Safety: Reduction in transportation-related fatalities and

injuries. (Fatalities and Fatality Rate)• Environmental Sustainability: Increased use of

environmentally sustainable practices in the transportation sector. (No. of Projects with sustainable design and/or tools).

• State of Good Repair: Increased proportion of highways and bridges in good condition. (Pavement and Bridge Condition)

• Livable Communities: Improved networks that accommodate pedestrians and bicycles.

• Economic Competitiveness: Maximum economic returns on transportation policies and investments. (Travel Time Reliability)

27


Thank You

Nathaniel D. Coley Jr.Federal Highway Adm.Washington, [email protected]

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/asstmgmt/economic.cfm

1 Roadway User Costs Nathaniel D. Coley Jr. Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems Work Zone User Costs Nathaniel D. Coley Jr. Federal Highway Administration.

Documents

costs costs

roadway user costs nathaniel

wz roadway user costs

analysis of roadway

roadway user costs vehicle

crash costs

costs value

delay costs