1 Mobility Developments and Supply Deficits in Rural Areas Michael Meschik Institute for Transport Studies BOKU, Vienna COST Action 355 - WATCH Namur BE,

1 Mobility Developments and Supply Deficits in Rural Areas Michael Meschik Institute for Transport Studies BOKU, Vienna COST Action 355 - WATCH Namur BE, Dec. 1-3, 2004

2 changes in social and economic structures concentration of supply services in centres Cause effect pattern (detail) decreasing demand for public transport decreasing demand for local supply less supply of PT services less local supply services accessibility problems for persons having no access to a private car increasing distances increasing motorisation concentration of workplaces in centres

3 National research project MOVE (1999-2003) to find and evaluate measures to guarantee the basic supply of goods and mobility services for people without access to a car Methodological approach (1)Choosing 5 specific regions for detailed analysis (2)Data collection Existing supply services and public transport services Postal Household survey: socio-demographic details and trip diaries (n=1368 households, response rate: 54%) Preparation of measures and discussion in focus groups Stated preference survey where hypothetical solutions were tested for their acceptance rate (3)Interpretation of results

4 Structure of the projects MOVE & ARTS MOVE Part 1 MOVE Part 2 Unteres Pinka- und Stremtal Sdliches Marchfeld Pllau Schachen Klaus Windisch- garsten Haslach BNStO The Five Test Regions in Four Austrian Provinces Klaus, O Research period 2002 - 2004 Austrian Demonstration: Dorfmobil EC Project ARTS Identification of cause and effect correlations and of problem regions, selection of problem regions

5 MOVE - the regions surveyed... Vienna Five economically deprived rural areas in Austria

6 Supply structure (2002) 010km Selected region: Sdliches Marchfeld Lassee S l o v a k i a D a n u b e Mannsdorf Breitstetten Fuchsenbigl Eckartsau Witzelsdorf Loimersdorf Haringsee Engelhartstetten Orth Leopoldsdorf Hainburg up to 200 inh. 201-500 inh. 500-1000 inh. 1000-2000 inh. Straudorf Kopfstetten Pframa Wagram Groien- brunn Schlohof Markthof Stopfenreuth grocery bakery butchers shop kindergarten elementary school doctors surgery

7 Supply structure (2002) 010km Selected region: Sdliches Marchfeld Lassee S l o v a k i a D a n u b e Mannsdorf Breitstetten Fuchsenbigl Eckartsau Witzelsdorf Loimersdorf Haringsee Engelhartstetten Orth Leopoldsdorf Hainburg grocery bakery butchers shop kindergarten elementary school doctors surgery up to 200 inh. 201-500 inh. 500-1000 inh. 1000-2000 inh. Straudorf Kopfstetten Pframa Wagram Groien- brunn Schlohof Markthof Stopfenreuth

10 PT connections to the regional centre on school days (Mon-Fri) 010km Selected region: Sdliches Marchfeld Lassee Orth S l o v a k i a Mannsdorf Breitstetten Fuchsenbigl Straudorf Haringsee Eckartsau Kopfstetten Pframa Wagram Leopoldsdorf Witzelsdorf Groien- brunn Schlohof Markthof Stopfenreuth D a n u b e Engelhartstetten Hainburg up to 200 inh. 201-500 inh. 500-1000 inh. 1000-2000 inh. Loimersdorf PT connections to the regional centre PT connections from the regional centre regional centre: 25km regional centre: 13 km

11 PT connections to the regional centre on school holidays (Mon-Fri) 010km Selected region: Sdliches Marchfeld Lassee Orth S l o v a k i a Mannsdorf Breitstetten Fuchsenbigl Straudorf Haringsee Eckartsau Kopfstetten Pframa Wagram Leopoldsdorf Witzelsdorf Groien- brunn Schlohof Markthof Stopfenreuth D a n u b e Engelhartstetten Hainburg up to 200 inh. 201-500 inh. 500-1000 inh. 1000-2000 inh. Loimersdorf PT connections to the regional centre PT connections from the regional centre regional centre: 25km regional centre: 13 km

12 Kurier, 29.10.2000 13 Illegals in a Postal-Service Bus 13 illegal immigrants from Moldavia were picked from a postal-service bus near Fuerstenfeld last Saturday. Police noticed an exceptionally high occupancy rate on that bus. The officers checked that out. Three women and ten men have to be sent back to Hungary.

13 Motorization prognosis District of Gnserndorf Prognosis, based on: Motorization in the USA (730 cars per 1000 Inhabitants, 1995) Assumption: 96% of driving-licence holders will own a car

14 Driving licence holders Selected region: Unteres Pinka- und Stremtal

15 Car availability Selected region: Unteres Pinka- und Stremtal Motorisation levelCars per household

16 Mobility behaviour (driving licence holders and no driving licence holders) Trip length

17 Klaus - Windischgarsten Typical modal split of persons with / without a driving licence

18 Klaus - Windischgarsten Haslach Modal split of elderly persons with / without driving license

19 Klaus - Windischgarsten Haslach Modal split of elderly persons with / without driving license

20 Modal split of shopping trips Marchfeld, Hartberg Men: n = 161, Women: n = 198

21 Local supply and car-availability per household Marchfeld, Hartberg: n = 295

22 Modal split of private-supply trips 2000 and 2015 Southern Marchfeld

23 Spatial prerequisites (shopping trips) Enough inhabitants in the near catchment-area of the grocer

24 Spatial prerequisites Distance to the next supermarket villages with shop villages without shop 6km

25 The task: Work Education Private supply (shopping, doctor,...) Leisure time (social contacts, religion,...) Making basic supply / accessibility available at reasonable effort Supply Population Securing basic supply including mobility

26 Lots of improvements have to be made

27 ARTS demonstrations 36.963MESSARA (GR) 8.7852RUTO (ES) 63.1**108DEVELOPMENT (HU) 45.8*2,548CYMRU (UK) 10.9108ALMA (AT) 5.32,273BEALACH (IE) 10.23,100SAMKOM (SE) 7.31,519LEPPAVIRTA (FI) inh/kmkm * Gwynedd County **Bacs-Kiskun County

28 ARTS demonstrations - overview Jan03- Jul03 Jan03 June03 Sep02 - Jun03 Mar03 Oct03 Dec02 - Dec03 Feb03 - Sep03 Aug02 - Jul03 Jun02 - May03 Duration Integration of school and regular transport School transport to the centre RTI (SMS, phone servers) DRT Characterisation of the service non-stud.: 2078 pass.trips (16.4/day) students: 8,400 pass.trips (68.9/day) non-students: 5380 pass.trips 8.9 trips/day 168 trips/day SMS-service: 1% of bus users line phone: 3% of bus users 3288 pass.trips (13.2 trips/day) 2232 pass.trips* 3642 pass.trips* minibus: 9161 pass.trips (36,6/day) taxi: 1246 pass.trips* Users of the services MESSARA GR (2,320 inh.) RUTO ES (7,400 inh.) DEVELOPMENT HU CYMRU UK (116,800 inh.) ALMA AT (1,180 inh.) BEALACH IE (12,100 inh.) SAMKOM SE (31,500 inh.) LEPPAVIRTA (11,000 inh.) FI X X students X (bus users) X X X X Open for everybody Demonstration * services were offered once or twice a week

29 ARTS - Car ownership per household n = 100 Kekskemet (HU)Samkom (SE)

30 Driving license ownership (total population) Messara (GR) n = 200 Alma (AT) EC research project ARTS

31 Pilot project in Klaus an der Pyhrnbahn

32 Upper Austria Pilot project in Klaus an der Pyhrnbahn 11 Inhabitants per km 1200 Inhabitants

33 Target groups Potential passengers relying on public transport Persons who do not hold a driving licence young people handicapped and old people people without a driving license for other reasons Persons with driving licence but no motorised vehicle available i.e. single-car households, when someone else uses the car Persons who prefer not to / cannot drive themselves for other reasons ill and injured persons business travellers tourists...

34 Accessibility within the municipality Dorfmobil (Village mobile) Target group: people without access to a car Problem: destinations cannot be reached by foot no Public Transport available dwindling social contacts daily necessities goods, doctor, social contacts, PT-stops,... operator: non-profit association = grass roots approach - driver: member of the association (financial compensation) - vehicle(s): private car, leased car of the association demand oriented service: pre-booking via phone door-to-door service

35 Use of the Dorfmobil ? 50% NO Persons with no car available 50% YES Why not ? 83% no need 9% 8% other reason health reason which fare ? (household interviews)

36 Percentage of people interviewed [%] (household interviews) Open answers, multiple answers People without access to a private car For which purposes would you use the Dorfmobil ?

37 The future of public transport in rural areas two prerequisites must be met : (1)The sprawl of detached family houses must end. Villages must be more densely built up so that local settlement-nuclei allow affordable PT services. (2)PT must become more flexible in terms of vehicles and operation. Standard bus-services which operate between bus- stops only have to be substituted or complemented with more flexible door-to-door services.

38 Dependency on support by others Southern Marchfeld

39 Social aspects I am more independent now. Alma (AT) Benefits%n Access to pensions & other services 8016 More social contacts 459 Keep independence 357 Access to local town 255 Carefree travel 102 Keep health appointments 51 Bealach (IE)

40 Resources MOVE (2002): Mobility and supply needs in economically deprived rural areas due to structural changes http://www.boku.ac.at/verkehr/move.htm ARTS (2004): Actions on the integration of Rural Transport Services. EC-RTD research programme http://www.rural-transport.net/ [email protected]

42 Use of the services Ruto (ES) Non-student passengers per day Bealach (IE) Kilometres travelled

43 Use of the services (2) Alma (AT) passengers per workday Messara (GR) passengers per month Samkom (SE)

44 Costs of the services

1 Mobility Developments and Supply Deficits in Rural Areas Michael Meschik Institute for Transport Studies BOKU, Vienna COST Action 355 - WATCH Namur BE,

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