1 It can be concluded that the experiment was a failure. 2 3 a.The directional motion of vehicle is controlled by a steering system. b.Attention must.

科技英文翻译和写作简介

1 ）物称表达法 It can be concluded that the experiment was a failure. 2 ）大量使用名词化结构；3 ）广泛使用被动句；a.The directional motion of vehicle is controlled by a steering system. b.Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the electric machine. c.When ignited, the exothermic reaction reaches the welding temperature within a few seconds. d. Cylinder sleeves are used in engine blocks to provide a hard wearing material for pistons and piston rings.

1. 语言结构特点

4 ）后置定语很常见；

The connecting rod, in essence, is a bar or strut with a bearing at each end, whose purpose is to transmit the piston thrust to the crankshaft.5 ）名词连用a. computer programming teaching device manual

6 ）使用复合句与缩略词；

7 ）经常使用长难句；

An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it.

It is quite plausible that it is because of this attitude that the United States continues to lag behind Japan in improving manufacturing productivity.

8 ）用图标和公式等非语言因素表达思想。

9 ）有时采用日常用语。

A paradox of manufacturing parts is that the faster the parts are made, the less accurate they are-and vice versa.

（ 1 ）熟读原文，了解大意；

（ 2 ）辩明语法关系，搞清逻辑关系；

2. 科技英汉翻译步骤

a.The fuel system takes a correctly proportioned mixture of gasoline and air to burn and develops the power needed to push the piston down the cylinder. To store, mix, and deliver this air-fuel mixture is the duty of the fuel system.b.Front axle is used for steering front wheels carried on stub axle swiveling upon king pins at the axle extremities.

（ 3 ）确定多义词的词义；

a.Gasoline powers the majority of vehicles, but diesel fuel is used in some vehicles.

b.Various speeds may be obtained by the use of large and small pulleys.

c.Press the INV key and you can raise the constant e (2.7182818) to x powers.

（ 4 ）选择合适的翻译技巧遣词造句，重述原文内容；

a. Internet is of great help to our work.

b.Mankind has always reverenced what Tennyson call “the useful trouble of the rain”.

d. We have progressed a long way from the early days of aerial surveys.

e. In spite of the growth of other kinds of transport, rail roads continue to be, as they used to be over years, the backdbone of the transportation industry.

f. The maps are symbolic of thousands of data points stored in control unit memory.

c.In fact, it may be said that anything that is not an animal or vegetable is mineral.

（ 5 ) 通读译文、修改、定稿。

g. As soon as the piston reaches the top of the exhaust stroke, it starts down on another intake, compression, power, and exhaust cycle.

h. In the electronic injection system, the air-fuel mixture is controlled in one of two ways.

3. 科技英语论文写作1 ）英语写作一般知识简介 2 ）写作的基本理论和技巧

• 标题（ Title 或 Topic ） • 作者的姓名（ Author’s Name ） • 论文作者的工作单位（ Institution ）• 论文摘要（ Abstract 或 Summary ） • 论文的内容目录（ Contents ）• 论文内容本身（ Text ） 引言（ Introduction ） 正文 结论或结束语（ Conclusion(s) ）及建议等 附录（ Appendix ） 致谢（ Acknowledgement(s) ） 作者简介（ Biography ）

4. 科技英语论文的组成部分

b.Somebody (1990) gave a theoretical overview of …, but …

c.However, these studies were limited to … 近期进展情况分析：d.The method worked well at …e.The models of … has recently received considerable

attention.f.In the last decade, several approaches of … were in

dependently proposed. g.The study of … was in vogue for several years until

… ……

对他人研究成果、观点的评估：a.By the late 1980’s, researchers has started scientific work on …

What are the chances of a nuclear war in the near future? How many Americans would survive a nuclear attack? Would such an attack make living conditions impossible for the survivors? These and similar questions are being asked by citizens groups throughout this country as they debate the issue of arms control and nuclear disarmament.

These two new windmill designs will, of course, have an even more important impact on the energy industry in the future. Although these two designs may never be used on a large scale, their impact may be felt through influencing the design of even more efficient models in the years ahead.

Grateful acknowledgement is made to…

A special gratitude is expressed to…

Thanks must be given to…

Funding for this work was provided by the Ministry of Energy and Resources.

The work was supported by National Science Foundation of China…

I’d like to acknowledge…

Computer Imitation System for … Investigation of the Feasibilities of … Primary Study on … Mathematical Model of …Study on Torsional Vibration Analysis of ICE Crankshaft. Development of Automobile Electronics and Domestic Application. A Simulation Optimization Method for Automotive Cooling System Microprocessors in Transport

Current Status and Developing Trends of …

使用名词短语或非限定动词短语作为论文的标题

摘要的特点：• 篇幅短小• 语言精炼 • 用词规范 • 概括完整 • 内容具体 • 独立成文

文摘包括：研究目的、研究对象、研究方法、研究结果、所得结论、结论的使用范围等。 This paper presents/discusses/studies/deals with/investigates This paper presents an analysis of principles of magnetic refrigeration with application to air conditioning. A comparison with conventional evaporation-condensation gas cycle device is presented. Conclusions concerning the applicability of magnetic refrigeration to air conditioning are made.

The smart and light, numerical designing and machining, automation in performance test etc. represents the development orientation for automobile starters. In this paper, principle is introduced for the starter with gear speed reducer which leads the majority in starter products nowadays. The state of the art in research and development for automobile starters by computer-aided engineering technology is overviewed. New research topics are brought forth at last from our enterprises realities.

5 ．英文摘要的写作 1 ）英文摘要的种类与特点 随同论文一起在学术刊物上发表的摘要； 学术会议论文摘要； 学位论文摘要； 脱离原文而独立发表的摘要。

Title 

Author(s), addressObjectives,purpose,hypotheses ..............................................………………………………Methods,materials,procedures .................................................……………………………………………………………..Results,data,observations,discussion ...........................................…………………Conclusions ..........................................................................

2 ）英文摘要的组成部分

a.This paper is performed to study the free-vibration characteristics of engine crankshaft. b.Most alternative fuels for internal combustion engines have low cetane numbers.

(2) 方法 (methods and materials)

Two digital strain gauge pressure transducers measured the vapor pressure of the upstream and downstream of the test tube.

This experiment was performed by testing the vibration of automobile body/suspension

 (1) 目的 (objectives ， purposes)

These results appear to refute the original assumptions.

(4) 结论 (conclusions)

It was concluded that/ It can be concluded that/ It is determined that

It can be concluded that the new diagnosis method is feasible through theory analysis and experiments on 12V180 type diesel engine.

(3) 结果与简短讨论 (results and discussions)

TitleAuthor(s), address

Background, problems that need to be solved, rationale for the present study .................................................... .Objectives and scope of this study ................................. ....................................................................................... .Outline of the main contents and results ...............................................................................................................Conclusions:.........................................................................

（ 1 ）采用正规的英语和标准的术语； （ 2 ）谓语动词很简单而句子的其余成分却十分

复杂；（ 3 ）大量使用 be 和 have 的变化形式做谓语动

词；（ 4 ）使用不提及人的陈述句。（ 5）描述自己的工作时态用过去时或完成时，但陈述理论或事实要用现在时。

3 ）英文摘要的写作特点

4 ）撰写摘要的要点

（ 1 ）英文文摘题目（ Title ）的第一个单词不得用 The 、An 或 A ，摘要的第一句不可与题目重复；（ 2 ）取消或减少背景信息 ;（ 3 ）尽量简化措辞 ;（ 4 ）可用动词的场合，尽量避免使用动词的名词形式；

（ 5 ）注意冠词用法 ; （ 6 ）避免使用长系列形容词或名词来修饰名词 ;（ 7 ）用重要的事实开头，尽量避免用辅助从句开头。

Power consumption of telephone switching system was determined from data obtained experimentally.

concernstestsinvestigatesreportsdiscussesdescribesexplainsanalyzesdeterminesdemonstrateconsiders

This paperThis studyThis projectThis researchOur projectThis survey

5 ）摘要中的常用句型 （ 1 ）描述目的

b.This paper researched on the more injection’s effect on engine performance and emission experimentally and theoretically.

c.This paper studied the application of wavelet transform in signal denoise.

a.This paper discusses the basic identification techniques of dynamic systems.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of active and passive suspensions.

The goal of this study is to discuss

The aim of this paper is to evaluate

The purpose of this project is to examine

The objective of this research is to test

this survey investigate /measure/

demonstrate / analyze /determine

a. This study aims to discuss the influence of the parameters of suspension system on the smoothness and operating stability of the whole car.

This research is designed to determine …

This study is designed to measure …

This project is designed to evaluate …

Our project aims to calculate …

a. Multiple faults of injector were simulated on the experimental table, and acoustic signals that sent out by working diesel were collected over the cylinder head. Using wavelet and neural network technology, this paper analyzed the acoustic signals in detail and diagnosed the different faults successfully.

b. The experimental system was composed of four parts, i.e. indirectly electrical heated furnace, pyrolysis reactor,online sample collected analyzer, and gas condenser & collector.

（ 2 ）描述方法

Results indicated We found that The results showed that Data suggested that It is shown that It can be concluded that The examination/investigations proves that This paper then concludes that From the table it can be seen/concluded that… From the figures it may be estimated/calculated/inferred that… It follows from what has been said that …

（ 3）描述结果

The measuring instruments were defective; accordingly/hence/consequently the experiment was a failure.

The results show that the error of estimated value of both throttle position sensor and manifold pressure sensor are less than 10%, and the strategy put forward in this paper is valid.

Exercises 1.Read and analyze the following abstract and point ou

t the objective, methods, results and discussion. A Hybrid Internal Combustion Engine/Battery Electric Passenger Car for Petroleum Displacement I. Forster and J. R. Bumby

This paper examines the potential of the hybrid electric vehicle in substituting petroleum fuel by broad-based electrical energy. In particular a hybrid car is considered. The way in which the power-train can be controlled and the effect component ratings have on achieving the petroleum substitution objective are described. It is shown that a hybrid vehicle can be designed that can achieve a petroleum substitution of between 20 and 70 percent of the equivalent internal combustion engine vehicle. In addition, it will be capable of entering environmentally sensitive areas and yet be capable of a range at high and intermediate speeds that is limited only by the size of its fuel tank.

Purpose:_________________________________

Methods and materials:______________________________

Results and Discussion:_________________________________________

2. Translate the following expressions into English or Chinese.

1) 针对某种型号客车 (passengers car) 的空气悬架 (air suspension) 的重要部件—弹簧支架 (spring bracket) 进行了有限元 (FEA) 分析。

2) 通过实例验证了该方法的工程应用价值。3) A calculation procedure of the torsional vibration of in

ternal combustion engine shafting system was developed.