1. George Martin-Responsible Retrofit 11th July 2013 v02 George... · Responsible Retrofit ... Grand Challenge Initiatives Sustainable ... • Upgrade of TM22 –CIBSE / Verco •

Responsible Retrofit

George Martin

Professor of Low Impact and Sustainable Buildings

11th July 02013

• 17,000 Students (15% international)

• Average 5:1 applications to places

• Academic & Internal Structure

• Art & Design

• Business, Environment & Society

• Engineering & Computing

• Health & Life Sciences

• Applied Research Institutes

• CUE Ltd, ACUA Ltd, London Campus

Coventry University

Grand Challenge Initiatives

Sustainable

Agriculture

Integrated

Transport &

Logistics

Low Impact

Buildings

Ageing

Society

Digital

Media

Low Carbon

Vehicles

Low Carbon

Vehicles

Sustainable

Agriculture

Integrated

Transport &

Logistics

Ageing

Society

Improving

transport

services and

the movement

of people and

goods

Increasing

innovation in

the sustainable

construction

industry

Addressing

the societal

issues of

supporting an

ageing

population

Developing

viable, and

sustainable

agricultural

methods

Exploiting

digital

systems &

platforms

(innovative

technology &

content)

Designing,

testing &

evaluating

low carbon

vehicles and

systems

Coventry University

Entrepreneurial

University of the year

Outstanding Support

for students

The Department of Business Innovation and Skills (BIS) completed a review of University –

Business interactions last year and released data indicating that Coventry University has

the largest number of SME contracts across all UK universities.

Sustainable Building Futures

Improving transport services and the

movement of people

and goods

Addressing the societal

issues of supporting an ageing population

Developing viable, and sustainable agricultural

methods

Exploiting digital

systems & platforms

(innovative technology & content)

Designing, testing &

evaluating low carbon

vehicles and

systems

About the project

Sustainable Building Futures is a £5 million ERDF funded project that will run until June 2015. The project aims to provide business assistance to SMEs in the West Midlands in sustainable/green technologies.

It is expected that through the Sustainable Building Futures project SMEs will be able to;

• Grow and expand their business • Move into new markets and increase market share• Win contracts that otherwise would have gone outside the region• Increase capability of working on larger scale infrastructure projects (public/private

sector)• Increase investment in new technologies • Reduce the environmental impacts of products• Reduce costs associated with developing and testing environmental products


movement of people

and goods




methods

Exploiting digital

systems & platforms




vehicles and

systems

The West Midlands Region


movement of people

and goods




methods

Exploiting digital

systems & platforms




vehicles and

systems

What we offer


movement of people

and goods




methods

Exploiting digital

systems & platforms




vehicles and

systems

Workshops

• The Sustainable Building Futures project will deliver a programme of events aimed to empower SME’s to grow and develop.

• A range of fully funded workshops will be delivered including but not limited to;– Professional ‘design’ organisations– Contractor ‘delivery’ organisations– Trades organisations– Product manufacturers.

• In addition to the workshops, more targeted assistance can be provided, to focus on more specific business requirements.


movement of people

and goods




methods

Exploiting digital

systems & platforms




vehicles and

systems

Workshops

Professional ‘design’ organisations

– Intellectual Property Rights– Building Information Modelling (BIM)– LEAN Programme– Work Winning– Passivhaus: Principles & Methods– Avoiding the Performance Gap– Low Carbon Energy Strategies for Development– Other ?


movement of people

and goods




methods

Exploiting digital

systems & platforms




vehicles and

systems

Workshops

Contractors and Trades organisations

– Air tightness testing for builders and housing associations– Effective, affordable ways to monitor the environment from building site to post

occupancy evaluation – Green plastering techniques for improved air-tightness and achieving CSH and

Passiv Haus standards – Specifying SUDs and water management technologies for architects and

surveyors – Fault Finding with a thermal camera for plumbers and electricians– Other?


movement of people

and goods




methods

Exploiting digital

systems & platforms




vehicles and

systems

Workshops

Product manufacturers

– Intellectual Property Rights– Building Information Modelling (BIM)– LEAN Programme– Work Winning– Solar Power Test System– Product Testing in an Environmental Chamber.

Environmental Chamber

Environmental Chamber

Ful

l hei

ght s

ampl

e se

ctio

n co

nstr

ucte

d or

sa

mpl

e m

ount

ing

fram

e in

sert

ed h

ere

Internal conditions 5 – 45 degrees Celsius

External conditions -20 to 100 degrees Celsius

What does it do?

• Temperature • Humidity• Combined temperature and humidity cycling tests• Weather simulation

By simulating various environmental conditions, the ‘weathering’ process can be accelerated to see how and over what time-scale the weather can damage materials. • Rainfall simulation tests • Solar Degradation testing• Acid rain simulation tests

The simulator is especially useful as it tests a real life section which eliminates the problem of scaling-up from a section and includes interaction with any composite materials.


movement of people

and goods




methods

Exploiting digital

systems & platforms




vehicles and

systems


movement of people

and goods




methods

Exploiting digital

systems & platforms




vehicles and

systems

For more information, contact the team [email protected]

www.coventry.ac.uk/[email protected]

Planet Earth

Responsible

Retrofit

Agenda

• It’s The Law

• The Challenge

• Mind the Gap

• Evidence / Measurement

• Tools

• Unintended Consequences

• The Intelligent Client

• Conclusions

It’s The Law

Climate Change Act

• Targets:

� 34% cut by 2020;

� 80% by 2050

• 5 year budgets; annual reports to Parliament

from the independent Committee on Climate

Change

Climate Change Act 26th November 2008

Climate Change Act

November 2008

49 Non-domestic energy efficiency

regulations

(1) The Secretary of State must make

regulations for the purpose of securing

that a landlord of a non-domestic

Property-

(c) Which falls below such level of

energy efficiency (as demonstrated

by the energy performance

certificate) as is provided for by the

regulations

May not let the property until the landlord

has compiled with the obligation

mentioned in subsection (2)

(2) The obligation is to make to the property

such relevant energy efficiency

improvements as are provided for by the

regulations

Sectoral Plans.

Low carbon buildings

• By 2050, all buildings will need to

have an emissions footprint close to

zero

Our Vision for 2025

The Challenge

The Challenge

Domestic20201990 2050

The Challenge

Domestic

Retail

Industrial

GovernmentEducation

Hotel

Health

WarehouseLeisure

Commercial

20201990 2050

DEC Facts

• 1.8 million non-dwellings in the UK

• 18% of the total CO2 output

• Average DEC is ‘E’

• For UK to hit the 34% reduction by 2020 average needs to be ‘C’

• By 2050, ALL buildings need to be ‘A’

Source – Carbon Trust 2010

Paul Morrell at Ecobuild 2013

“Modelling in the low carbon plan showed that if the existing policy and regulatory environment continued then only 52% reduction in emissions would be achieved, even if the electricity grid was fully decarbonised.”

Building Magazine 8 th March 2013

Scenarios to 2050

1. A Business-as- Usual Scenario which represents the status quo

2. A Central Scenario which consists of implementation of measures that have a positive return on investment over their lifetime or are reasonably feasible to implement

3. An 80% Carbon Reduction Scenario which reaches the 2050 targets and represents maximum uptake of low carbon technologies from the central scenario, as well as significant uptake of measures that do not have a positive return on investment

Where is the carbon?

1. Operational carbon in buildings

2. Operational carbon in infrastructure

3. Capital carbon

Capital carbon: All GHG emissions associated with construction & demolitionactivities in the UK, including those embodied withinimported construction materials and products, and those associatedwith the provision of professional services

Barriers to progress

• Plethora of policies, reports and initiatives

• Lack of collaborative integration of the

supply chain

• Need for general up skilling of all parts of

the supply chain

• Preoccupation with initial capital cost

instead of appraising projects on a whole life

basis

• Evidential gap between design and

performance in use

Mind The Gap

The Performance Gap

Why don’t most buildings perform as well as the initial

designs claim?

40The built environment experts

0

25

50

75

100

125

Ty pi c a l Good

pr a c t i c e

2 0 0 2

R e gul a t i ons

2 5 %

r e duc t i on

i nc l udi ng up

t o 10 % f or

r e ne wa bl e s

2 0 0 6 Ta r ge t

Emi ssi ons

R a t e ( TER )

P ER C ov e r a l l

e mi ssi ons

r e duc t i on

Bui l di ng

Emi ssi ons

R a t e ( B ER)

I n i t i a l

c onsumpt i on

( f i r st y e a r )

B e nc hma r k s B ui l d i ng R e gul a t i ons

kgC

O2/m

2 per

ann

um

Fabric and systems efficiency improvements

Regulatory requirements

Renewables contribution

Actual performance

Benchmarks

Credibility gaps between virtual performance and ac tual performance

CarbonBuzz - energy profiling from design to operation

Courtesy Aedas - Stockley Academy Built in 2005

Retrofit Performance Gap

The report suggests that for non-domestic buildings the gap is set at 35% on average for 2012 and for regulated energy alone it can be as high as 50% in new builds.

Measurement / Evidence / Performance

Measurement40%

5%

33%

50%

80%

Our Vision for 2025

80 60 40 20 0

Technology Strategy BoardDriving Innovation

Building Performance Evaluation Programme



University of Bath

Retrofit Revealed

Common challenges:

1. Lack of competition, choice and availability of products and

services

2. Supply chain skills, quality and integration

3. Unexpected changes to project team

4. Site issues

5. Planning

Tools

EPCs and DECs

Unregulated Energy Use includes: plugload, server r ooms, security, external lighting, lifts etc.Special Functions include: trading floors, server r ooms, cafeteria etc.

Extra occupancy& operating hours

Actual – Real energy use

Specialfunctions

Design forecast

Forecast Regulated COPart L

2 Unregulated CO 2

InefficienciesFrom BMS

Regulated Energy Use includes: fixed building servi ces, heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation, ligh ting

Energy use - the full picture

Reference: Aedas Architects 2010

Unregulated Energy Use includes: plugload, server r ooms, security, external lighting, lifts etc.Special Functions include: trading floors, server r ooms, cafeteria etc.

Extra occupancy& operating hours

Actual – Real energy use

Specialfunctions

Design forecast

Forecast Regulated COPart L

2 Unregulated CO 2

InefficienciesFrom BMS

Regulated Energy Use includes: fixed building servi ces, heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation, ligh ting

Energy use - the full picture

Reference: Aedas Architects 2010

Energy Performance Certificate

Display Energy Certificate



University of Bath

Tools and protocols – supported by Technology Strategy Board• Upgrade of TM22 – CIBSE / Verco

• CarbonBuzz Platform

• BUS tool

• Co-heating

• DomEARM – CIBSE / Arup

• Measurement and monitoring protocols

• Embed (Energy Saving Trust)

Reviewing fitness for purpose

Planning of roll-out

Unintended Consequences

A note of Caution: Australian Home Insulation Programme

● The HIP had twin objectives:

� To generate economic stimulus jobs and support jobs and small businesses and:

� to improve the energy efficiency of homes: designed to provide insulation to 2.7 million homes.

Hawke Report 6 th April 2010

http://www.climatechange.gov.au/publications/energy /home-insulation-hawke-report.aspx

A note of Caution: Australian Home Insulation Programme

� Safety/fire hazard issues arose and there were four deaths of young people in the scheme.

� Minister announced that from February 2010 mandatory training requirements would apply to all installers, not just supervisors.

� “ safety and quality concerns were addressed during the course of the program…there was a lag in rolling out a targeted compliance and audit program which would have allowed a more systematic approach earlier”

� The Program was discontinued on 19 February 2010

“ The bungled home insulation program will go down as probably the worst single government initiative in Australian history” Federal Opposition Leader April 2010

The conflicting demands on buildings

• Energy/ Carbon

• Appearance

• Access

• Cost

• Client/ Market Demand

• Comfort

But no one thinks about health, and……

….the unintended consequences of improving the building shell!!

Conflict between health of occupants &

most building practice

• Comfort – temperature, humidity

• Well being

• Mental illness

• Microbiological pollutants

• Chemical and particulate pollutants

• Radiation

• Electro-magnetic fields

• Water

• Light

• Acoustics

• Asthma

Asthma and buildings

• In the UK 1 in 6 people has asthma

• Almost 2000 deaths per annum

• 75,000 hospital admissions

• Cost to date runs into £billions

• Directly linked to dust mite faeces, which are directly linked to relative humidity in houses

Health and Relative Humidity

Chemical and Particulate Pollution

• From 100 chemicals to 50,000 in a hundred years

• Carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides and PM10

particulates (particles under 10μm in diameter)

• VOCs

• Various and many combinations and concentrations

New Challenges

• Air tightness as we head towards PassivHaus standards

• General thermal performance – windows and doors

• Ventilation systems

What happens in 2, 10 and 50 years time?

Modern ventilation?

Air tightness in new buildings is improving, however…..

Work by AECOM for Part F 2010 showed that ventilation of all

types failed to provide sufficient air changes in majority of cases.

– Out of 22 dwellings assessed with natural ventilation, 70% fail to

have sufficient air changes. 4 exceed safe mould levels and 11

exceed safe VOC levels.

– Out of 9 houses with mechanical ventilation 8 fail to have sufficient

air changes, one by 63%.

Real Dangers of Badly Built Airtight Building

Envelopes

• Increased Cardio-Respiratory illness (Lancet)

• UCL research found an increase in dust mites in beds of 2500 x base case

house when air permeability 10m/hr was decreased to 3m/hr.

• Decreased by 60% at 20m/hr

The Intelligent Client

The Intelligent Client Recipe

• Procurement

– Whole Life Costing

“Without Whole Life Costing being embedded at the heart of all capital programmes, applied universally not episodically, Ministers should give up on their carbon targets, however worthy, and forget any notion of a sustainable government estate.”

(Jonathon Porritt, October 2004)


• Procurement


– DEC

– Guaranteed Energy Performance

• Soft Landings


“A process for a graduated handover of a new or ref urbished

building, where a period of professional aftercare by the

project team is a client requirement – planned for a nd carried

out from project inception onwards – and lasting for up to

three years post-completion”

Soft Landings in a sentence


Energy analysis


North Somerset Council Town Hall


North Somerset Council Town Hall


• Procurement


– DEC


• Soft Landings

• Knowledge Capture Hub

Conclusions

The Elephant in the Boardroom !

CARBON

“There is something that the Board needs to talk about”

"We cannot solve our problems

with the same thinking we used

when we created them."

Conclusions………………….

Albert Einstein



Study findings - knowledge

Programme

• Distillation of findings –

collation and

interpretation

• Case studies

• Access to results

• Benchmarking

Emerging themes

• Commissioning

• Sub-meters and

reconciliation

• BMS

• Lighting – too much and

inability to control

• Fabric performance

• Controls / complexity

• MVHR systems

The Message

• Radical Change to the Procurement Process


– Evidence of performance - DEC


• Soft Landings

• National Knowledge Capture Hub

Coventry University - Winner Carbon Reduction Catego ry 2011

Thank you

[email protected]

1. George Martin-Responsible Retrofit 11th July 2013 v02 George... · Responsible Retrofit ... Grand Challenge Initiatives Sustainable ... • Upgrade of TM22 –CIBSE / Verco •

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