1 Corn 2007 Ouachita Fertilizer
Jan 21, 2016
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Corn 2007
Ouachita Fertilizer
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Ouachita Commitment to you
• Increase yields• Lower costs• Help solve those
production problems that limit profitability
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Delta Smart Systems
• The basis for our Crop Programs• Corn
• Cotton
• Sorghum
• Soybeans
• Sugarcane
• Wheat
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Delta Smart Systems
•A system to improve grower profits•High Q™
•Weather station data
•Plant tissue and soil samples
•Field observations
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High Q™
• A precise data-gathering system
• Identifies limiting factors
• Helps avoid repeated mistakes: continuous improvement
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OFC Weather Stations
• Mer Rouge• Winnsboro• Moreauville• Natchitoches• New Iberia
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OFC Weather Stations
•Exclusive to OFC; our stations•Use to track degree days,
irrigation scheduling and pest outbreaks
•Understand how weather impacts crop yields; historical reference
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Plant Tissue And Soil Samples
•Unique data base; available only through OFC
•Solve problems & lowers costs•OFC extensive inventory can
provide plant food needed to correct in-season problems
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Field Observations in 2006
• Six OFC salesmen •Field-tested 18 new products to see if
there is a fit for our growers (several to increase N efficiency to use less)
•Pulled 71 corn plant tissue samples to check plant food balance
•Sent seven samples to check for disease
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Corn 2006 DSS Summary
• 8,235 acres• 182 fields• 29 corn hybrids • Avg. yield 152
bu/acre (state yield 140 bu/acre)
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DSS for Corn 2004 to 2006
•DSS for Corn 2004 to 2006•20,977 acres enrolled•437 different fields•56 commercial corn hybrids evaluated
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Corn Acres in Louisiana
430
700
340 380315
580 520
420
330 290
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
000 a
cres
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
We have been here before: aflatoxin hits hard
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Opportunity for Corn Profits
We have been here before: aflatoxin hits corn hard
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How do We Capture Profits?
Based on DSS:•Planting Date•Hybrid Selection•Fertilizers•Planting Operations
Avoid Aflatoxin
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Planting Date: Based on DSS
•Optimum PD ranged from 3/10 to 3/21 in three years
•Plant when 5 day forecast shows DD accumulation greater than:•60 for low seedling vigor hybrids•40 for high seedling vigor hybrids
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Natchitoches Planting Dates
Natchitoches 5 Day DD
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
3/ 1 3/ 6 3/ 11 3/ 16 3/ 21 3/ 26 3/ 31
2006 2005 2004 2003
Circle shows highest yields
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Corn Planting Dates
Natchitoches Avg Daily Tempts
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
5/ 1 5/ 11 5/ 21 5/ 31 6/ 10 6/ 20
2006 2005 2004 2003
Highest yields in 2006 came from corn pollinating during this period
Corn should be pollinated prior to daily tempts averaging 750 (about May 25); hybrids range from 1300 to 1500 GDU from planting to pollination
Too hot for corn; losing moisture @ .25”/day
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Planting Date Summary
•Plant as quick and as early as we can
•Get plants off to a fast start•Try to be finished
pollination by May 25
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How do We Increase Profits?
Based on DSS:•Planting Date•Hybrid Selection•Fertilizers•Planting Operations
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Hybrid Selection in 2006
Brand
Non-irrigated Hybrid
Avg.Yield
Dekalb 66-23RR/YGCB 171
Pioneer33R81 RR/YGCB 164
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Hybrid Selection in 2005
Brand
Non-irrigated Hybrid
Avg.Yield
Pioneer 32D99 176
Dekalb69-71RR/
YGCB 164
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Hybrid Selection in 2004
Brand
Non-irrigated Hybrid
Avg.Yield
Dekalb 69-70BTY 158.7
Dekalb 69-71RR/YG 128.4
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Hybrid Selection to Reduce Aflatoxin
• Use Bt where possible• Select hybrids for:
• hard kernels• complete shuck coverage • good drought tolerance• full-season (>115 days)
maturity but with early pollination window (1300 to 1350 GDUs)
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How do We Increase Profits?
Based on DSS:• Rotation• Planting Date• Hybrid Selection• Fertilizers• Planting Operations
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Fertilizers Reduce Aflatoxin
•Fertility stress is a major factor•Aflatoxin is increased by hot
weather. Potash “cools” the plant•Aflatoxin is increased by dry
weather. Phosphates help “water” the plant
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Fertilizers Reduce Aflatoxin
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Potash’s Role in Corn Production
•Critical to cool the plant•Builds plant proteins•#1 defense against disease•Responsible for corn stalk
strength and lodging resistance
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Potash Increases Corn Yields
147
123
110
120
130
140
150Bu/
A
50 lbs. 0 lbs K
Potash I ncreases Corn
Yields
From DSS in 2006, applying 50 lbs per acre of banded potash added 24 bushels of corn per acre, a net increase of $76 per acre.
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Potash Rates in 2005
143160
201
129155
210
0
50
100
150
200
250
Bu.
/ A
Timely Planted Corn Late Planted Corn
30 lbs./a
60 lbs./a
80 lbs./a
Higher K rates on late planted corn helped overcome yield drag
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2005 Plant Tissue Samples
• Corn needs to have 2.25% K or higher for top yields
• Banded K had higher K levels in 2005
% potash GS 9
Banded 2.2Broadcast 1.9
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Phosphorous for Corn
• Increases water use efficiency •Root growth•Seed formation (kernel
numbers and rows)•Hastens maturity
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P Increases Corn Yields
162
129
100
120
140
160
180B
u/A
35 lbs. P 0 lbs. P
Phosphates Increases Corn
Yields
In the DSS Program in 2004, adding 35 lbs. per acre of phosphate in a band added more bushels of corn per acre.
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P Increases Corn Yields
154
122
100
120
140
160B
u/A
50 lbs. /A 20 lbs. / A
Phosphates I ncreases
Corn Yields
In 2006, adding an extra 30 lbs per acre of phosphate added 32 more bushels of corn per acre. This means $100 more per acre.
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Banding Increases Efficiency
•Phosphates (P) and potash (K) get tied-up in the soil:•1 lb. P & K in a band = 2 lbs. broadcast
•Injecting increases availability to roots
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Zinc in 2006 Corn
• Zinc increased corn yields by 15 bushels per acre.
• Banding zinc is the most efficient way to apply
• Zinc will lower moisture at harvest; less chance for aflatoxin
170
155
145
150
155
160
165
170
2 lbs. Zinc 1/2 lb Zinc
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Nitrogen Rates in 2005
Early Planted
100
140
180
220
Bu./A
Bu.
/A
180 lbs./A 220 lbs. /A
Late Planted
100
140
180
220
Bu./A
180 lbs./A 200 lbs. /A
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Optimum N Rates in 2006
I rrigated
100
140
180
220
Bu./A
Bu.
/A
160 to 180 220 to 240
Non- irrigated
100
140
180
220
Bu./A
160 to 180 180 to 200
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2005 Plant Tissue Samples
• Early N needs to be 5.0 for highest yields
• Growth Stage 3 is between 350 and 500 GDUs
• In 2005 = mid-April
2005 Avg. %
Nitrogen GS 3 Bu./A
5.1 2114.6 1974.0 1493.4 127
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2005 Plant Tissue Samples
• Showed that corn plants were starving for nitrogen before the roots could reach the sidedress fertilizer
• Plants low in N grow slower, have less grain per ear, has delayed pollination and more diseases
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Increasing Early N in Corn
• Background shows 30 lbs. N per acre with planter compared to none
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Value of Pre-emergence Nitrogen on Corn Yields
159
150 151
141 139
174
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
< 15 25 - 50 51- 75 76 -100 101 -125 126 - 150
Lbs. Nitrogen /Acre
Bu. /AHighest yields came from 25 to 50 lbs. /acre nitrogen prior to corn emergence
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Increasing Early N in Corn
•Apply 30 lbs. to 50 lbs./acre nitrogen prior to corn emergence
•Add balance of nitrogen at sidedress
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Sulfur on 2006 Corn
• Applying 15 lbs. /acre of sulfur increased yields by 19 bu/ acre, a $60 net income increase
142
123
110
120
130
140
150
11 to 15 lbs 6 to10 lbs
Sulfur on Corn 2006
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Low Boron Levels in Corn
• Boron is responsible for healthy root growth and resistant to diseases.
• A lack of boron in a corn plant results in:• Poor kernel
development.• The deterioration
of root and stem growing points.
• Stunted roots.
Boron deficient corn at left; note twisting of kernels toward tip.
Boron deficient corn at left; note twisting of kernels toward tip.
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2007 Corn Fertility Program
•Apply 30 to 50 lbs. N and 4 to 8 lbs. of sulfur at planting;
•OFC mixes uses clay to keep from losing nitrogen
•Apply balance of N plus P, K, S, Zn and B at sidedress
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How do We Increase Profits?
Based on DSS:• Rotation• Planting Date• Hybrid Selection• Fertility Program• Planting Operations
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Planter Calibration
• Researchers claim a 10 to 15% reduction in yields by using poorly calibrated planters.
• Results showed an increase of up to 23 bushels per acre when spacing corn evenly
• Uneven seed depth lowers yields from 5% to 25%.
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Planting Depth Affects Yields
•Shallow planting lowered yields by 11 bushels in field trials.
•Plant corn between 1 1/2 to 2 inches deep.
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Planting Depth Affects Yields
• This photo show the same hybrid from the same field planted the same day with the same amount of fertilizer; one was planted too shallow
•Shallow planting produced less roots which caused a N deficiency.
•Shallow planting will cause moisture stress
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Impact of Planting Speed
Planting slower produced more corn
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How do We Capture Corn Profits?
•Planting Date; the race is on…•Hybrid Selection; offense sells
tickets (seed) but defense wins championships (makes profits)
•Fertilizers: beat the heat•Planting Operations: be the
ball
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Thank you!
Ouachita Fertilizer