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1 Ouachita Fertilizer Wheat 2005/2006
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Ouachita Fertilizer

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Ouachita Fertilizer. Wheat 2005/2006. Ouachita Commitment to you. Increase yields Lower Costs Help solve those production problems that limit profitability. U.S Wheat Situation: Winter Wheat Acres. Harvested US Wheat in 2005. U.S Wheat Situation: Less Carryover. U.S Wheat Situation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: Ouachita Fertilizer

1

Ouachita Fertilizer

Wheat 2005/2006

Page 2: Ouachita Fertilizer

2

Ouachita Commitment to you

Increase yieldsLower CostsHelp solve those production

problems that limit profitability

Page 3: Ouachita Fertilizer

3

U.S Wheat Situation: Winter Wheat Acres

Page 4: Ouachita Fertilizer

4

Harvested US Wheat in 2005

Page 5: Ouachita Fertilizer

5

U.S Wheat Situation: Less Carryover

USDA Wheat Ending Stocks (06/ 10/ 05)

568507

376444

722

946 950876

777

491 546 527619

100

300

500

700

900

1100

93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 J un

04-05

J un

05-06

Mill

ion

Bu

Page 6: Ouachita Fertilizer

6

U.S Wheat Situation

Planted and harvested acres are going down

Demand is stable USDA average farm price for wheat =

$3.40 per bushel in 2004 & 2005 Prices should be similar in 2006

Page 7: Ouachita Fertilizer

7

CBOT Prices Since 2001

Page 8: Ouachita Fertilizer

8

Wheat Price July 2006

Page 9: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Lowering Costs with Wheat

$1.50

$1.90

$2.30

$2.70

$3.10

50 Bu 60 bu 70 Bu 80 Bu

U. Of Arkansas, July, 2005

$/B

u. To P

roduce

a B

ush

el of

Wh

eat

The value of higher yields from DSS…

Page 10: Ouachita Fertilizer

10

Ouachita Commitment to you

Increase yieldsLower CostsHelp solve those production

problems that limit profitabilityCan DSS improve yields to lower

costs and increase profitability?

Page 11: Ouachita Fertilizer

11

Summary of 2005

Delta Smart Systems – 1,158 acres in 2004– 2,078 acres in 2005

Satellite Weather Station in Monroe in 2004 & we added Moreauville for 2005

Page 12: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Summary of 2005

Disease Samples:2004 = 62005 = 16Field Inspections:2004 = 2712005 = 563Plant Analysis:10 samples in 200421 samples in 2005

Page 13: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Summary of 2005

Produced two wheat newsletters describing the key steps to produce 80 bushel/acre wheat.

Produced four updates during the growing season to keep growers informed of crop situation

Page 14: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Yields: 2004 & 2005

Yieldsbu./acre

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005%

change 04-05

LA 53 50 40 41 50 46 -8.0%

ARK 54 52 46 50 53 50 -5.7%

Miss 55 52 44 49 53 48 -9.4%

OFC         59 66 11.9%

Acres in DSS improved yields from 2004 to 2005 while the market produced less…

Page 15: Ouachita Fertilizer

15

Wheat Weather 04-05

GDU/month MONROE 2002 2003 2004 2005

Average 02 to

042005 vs.

3 yr. avg.

October 715 755 767 874 761 14.9%

November 600 334 537 534 436 22.7%

December 406 213 168 227 191 19.2%

January 309 96 220 310 158 96.3%

February 250 169 143 317 156 103.4%

March 492 469 632 462 550 -16.1%

April 775 721 688 702 704 -0.4%

May 879 923 892 846 907 -6.8%

Total GDUs 4427 3678 4047 4271 3862 10.6%

Page 16: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Weather 04-05

Rain/month MONROE 2002 2003 2004 2005

Average 02 to

04

2005 vs. 3 yr.

avg.

October 4.6 7.0 2.5 8.8 4.8 84.5%

November 7.6 4.1 7.3 13.3 5.7 133.0%

December 9.0 6.3 7.6 5.8 7.0 -17.4%

January 5.5 0.3 5.4 5.3 2.9 83.0%

February 2.7 6.7 10.5 5.4 8.6 -37.3%

March 6.2 2.0 8.0 4.5 5.0 -9.0%

April 2.7 4.1 4.9 5.5 4.5 21.8%

May 1.0 7.1 11.2 4.8 9.1 -48.0%

Total rainfall 39.2 37.5 57.5 53.2 47.5 12.0%

Page 17: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Weather 04-05

N/D/J/F was much warmer in the 2005 crop than the previous three years; 1388 vs. 940 GDU.– Lower populations could tiller – Crop advanced: wheat needed N before we were

ready; end of Feb in ’05 was equal to end of March M/A/M tempt were about equal. November was 2-3 X wetter than the average. Total moisture was a little more than average.

Page 18: Ouachita Fertilizer

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What it told us in 2005?– From October through January we accumulated

400 more heat units than the average for this period, (25% more).

– In the same time period we received 13 inches additional rain fall than average (65% more).

Why it is important? “Nitrogen Timing“!– “Normal” Top Dress time on Wheat is Mid-late

February. In 2005 we had to apply in Mid January.

Wheat Weather 04-05

Page 19: Ouachita Fertilizer

19

Ouachita Commitment to you

Increase yieldsLower CostsHelp solve those production

problems that limit profitability

Page 20: Ouachita Fertilizer

20

Fall Wheat Recommendations

Variety SelectionSeed TreatmentField ConsiderationsPlanting SuccessFertilizer SolutionsBugsWeeds

65% of your yields will be determined when the planting is finished

Page 21: Ouachita Fertilizer

21

Variety Selections: wheat

Considerations Vernalization requirement determines

appropriate planting date for each variety.– exposure to cold temperatures

Heading Day (harvest) determines when crop is ready to harvest.

Varieties heading after April 9th (100 day) were 4 bu./acre below plot average in 2004 if planted late

Resistance to disease and virus (septoria and rust)

Test weight

Page 22: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Variety Selections: wheat

Example from 2005: Varieties that have longer cold weather

requirements planted on October 12th yielded 74 bushels /acre

Varieties with shorter cold weather requirements planted on November 9th yielded 77 bushels /acre

Page 23: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Variety Recommendations

Early to mid-October planting– Coker 9663

Mid to late October planting– Natchez

Early November planting– Terrell LA841

Page 24: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Coker 9663 (Syngenta)

Highest yield in DSS when planted in October

Tall, with awnlet (bearded for varmints). 

Moderately resistant to leaf rust, Septoria, and stem rust. 

Resistant to Hessian fly.  (can plant early)

Page 25: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Natchez (Agripro)

Highest yielding DSS variety in 2004 Second highest DSS variety in 2005 Moderately resistant to leaf and stripe

rust Very good soil virus resistance Very good resistance to glume blotch

and septoria leaf blotch Very good tillering (less seed/acre)

Page 26: Ouachita Fertilizer

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LA 841 (Terrell Seeds)

Highest yield in DSS when planted in early November

Excellent test weights Very good adaptation across all soil

types Some resistance to Septoria leaf, glume

blotch and excellent resistance to rust Moderately tolerant to Sencor Do not plant early

Page 27: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Seeding Rates

– 1.2 million seeds per acre gives the highest yield when planted in October

– 1.4 million seeds per acre gives the highest yield when planted in November

Page 28: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Seeding Rates

13 seeds/ft. ( 1.2 M seeds) At 12,000 seeds/lb = 100 lbs/acre At 14,000 seeds/lb = 86 lbs/acre At 16,000 seeds/lb = 75 lbs/acre

18 seeds/ft. ( 1.4 M seeds) At 12,000 seeds/lb = 116 lbs/acre At 14,000 seeds/lb = 100 lbs/acre At 16,000 seeds/lb = 87 lbs/acre

Page 29: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Seed Treatments

Treating wheat seed generated eight bushels more than non-treated in 2005.

Seed Treatments adds about 1.1 bushels of wheat per acre to the investment.

6.9 bushels more profit X $3.40 per bushel = $23 more profit per acre.

67

59

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

Seed trt. No Trt

Page 30: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Seed Treatments

Infection is greatest when wheat is : Planted in wet, compacted soils Planted in fields with low in phosphorus

availability Planted in fields previously cropped to

corn or rice. Soil moisture is very wet or very dry. Use either Dividend Extreme or Raxil MD

Extra

Page 31: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Field Considerations

Drainage: keep water away– In 2005 DSS, lower CEC soils out yielded

higher CEC soils by as much as 12 bu. Take-all: rotate crops Ryegrass: control early Hessian Fly: plant after free date Spindle Streak: variety

Page 32: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Cereals Need a Firm Seedbed

Loose soil means poor depth control

Page 33: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Seeding Depth is Key

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1" 1.5" 2" 2.5" 3"

GDU Germ GDU Emerge Planting too deep causes delayed emergence. Delayed emergence lowers yields.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

D1-3 D4-7 D8-10

Bu.

/ A

Wheat Yields by Emergence

Oregon State U., 1984

Page 34: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Seeding Depth is Key

Page 35: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility

Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium Sulfur Zinc

Page 36: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility: 2004

GS 5 2004 Wheat Plant Analysis

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

N S P K Mg Ca B Zn Mn Cu

average of all GS 5samples

•Summary of GS5 plant tissue samples in 2004

•Nitrogen, sulfur and zinc were most limiting yields

DSS, 2004

Page 37: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility: 2005

GS 5 2005 Wheat Plant Analysis

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

N S P K Mg Ca B Zn Mn Cu

2005 avg.

Nitrogen, sulfur and zinc are most limiting yields (again)

Page 38: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility

Value of Fall N on Wheat Tillers

3.9

2.8

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5

35# N 0# N

Till

ers

/ pl

ant

Arkansas, 2003

Counted at GS5: More tillers per plant means more wheat

Page 39: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility

Nitrogen is most critical*:– When planting after corn, rice,

sorghum or cotton– When planting after October 20th

– When planting after a wet summer. (low soil residual)

* Univ. of Arkansas, 2003

Page 40: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility

Nitrogen was more critical in 2005 because of accelerated heat units forcing the plant to grow.GDU/

month MONROE 2002 2003 2004 2005

Average 02 to

042005 vs

3 yr. avg

November 600 334 537 534 436 22.7%

December 406 213 168 227 191 19.2%

January 309 96 220 310 158 96.3%

February 250 169 143 317 156 103.4%

Total GDUs 1407 816 1014 1241 915 35.6%

Page 41: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility

Phosphorous is critical:

– To get wheat root systems developed

– To get wheat tillers produced– To get wheat kernel numbers– To get wheat mature

Page 42: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility

DSS, 2004 & 2005

5548

66

45

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2004 2005

40 lbs. P 0 lbs. P

Page 43: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility

Potassium (potash) is critical:– To get wheat

straw strength (reduces lodging)

– To give 30% greater protection from diseases (see table)

– To get wheat to produce higher yields

Fall Potash lbs/A

Yield Bu/ADisease

Rating

0 65 30

80 73 22

U. Of Arkansas

Page 44: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility

DSS, 2004

62

48

65

45

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2004 2005

60 lbs. K 0 lbs. K

Page 45: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Zinc Problem Soils

Zn deficiency was reported for soils:– high and low pH, organic matter– Calcareous, sandy or poorly drained

soils– limed acid soils

Sulfonylurea herbicides (ex: Harmony) reduce Zn uptake.

Low Zn levels will impact varieties differently

Page 46: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Zinc and Wheat

Deficient zinc is to the left.

Researchers added zinc in increments going from left to right.

Untreated pot is at left; then rates were added at .5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 lbs. /acre of zinc

Page 47: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility

Low Zinc levels:– Reduce tillering– Stunts the plants– Causes poor flowering and seed set– Produces abnormal grain– Lowers crop production in hot weather

Fall application of zinc is most efficient

Page 48: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Fertility

Sulfur is critical:– For the plant to utilize

nitrogen– Forms protein for

food-grade wheat– Low plant levels

cause small, thin and spindly plants

10 lbs. /acre increased yields by 22 bu./A in DSS data.

67

45

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

10 lbs. S No S

Page 49: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Watch for Fall Aphids

Can lower yields by 33%

Can vector virus (barley yellow dwarf)

Can kill tillers (greenbug)

Early planted most vulnerable

Can treat seed with Gaucho or Gaucho XT

Can apply as a postemergence treatment at two to three leaf stage.

Page 50: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Weeds

Identify Beat early in the game Several use two-shot Use Harmony/Sencor (where tolerant) early Very narrow window for 2,4-D (Salvo)

applications – Can only use between fully tillered and

jointing: yield losses of 15 bu./acre when used outside this window

Page 51: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Wheat Growth Stages

Page 52: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Fall Program for Wheat

Select variety by field, planting window– Understand the “holes” of each variety – Treat the seed (Dividend or Raxil MD Extra)

Plant from 10/12 to 11/12– Early Variety – Coker 9663– Mid Season Variety – AP Natchez or Terral 841– Late Season Variety – Terral 841

Plant 1.2 million – 1.4 million seed/acre Firm the soil and plant 1” deep Apply a minimum of 35-40-60 with 10 lbs. sulfur and 2 lbs of

zinc pre-plant, pre-emergence or early post to add aphid control

Watch for fall aphids/control weeds

Page 53: Ouachita Fertilizer

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Ouachita Commitment to you

Increase yieldsLower CostsHelp solve those production

problems that limit profitability