1 CMAQ and the New Air Quality Standards Air Quality Team, FHWA Summer, 2004.

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CMAQ and the New Air CMAQ and the New Air Quality StandardsQuality Standards

Air Quality Team, FHWA

Summer, 2004

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TopicsTopics

Background on CMAQ CMAQ and the New NAAQS CMAQ and Reauthorization New Areas and CMAQ Eligibility CMAQ Tracking System

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Background on the CMAQ Background on the CMAQ ProgramProgram

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CMAQ BackgroundCMAQ Background Created by ISTEA of ’91, reauthorized

by TEA-21, expected to continue

Funds transportation projects and programs to help achieve and maintain NAAQS for Ozone, CO, and PM-10

Jointly administered by FHWA and FTA in consultation with EPA

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CMAQ OverviewCMAQ Overview

$14.1 billion program under ISTEA and TEA-21 Apportioned to States based on:

Population in ozone and CO areas Severity of the air quality problemAll States guaranteed a 0.5% minimum

apportionment More than $13 Billion invested in 15,000 AQ

projects since 1992

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CMAQ Funding by Project Type CMAQ Funding by Project Type

(FY 1992-2000) (FY 1992-2000) Demand Mgmt

($249M)3%Shared Ride

($290M)4%

Traffic Flow ($2,452M)

32%

STP/CMAQ ($491M)

6%

Other ($588M)8% Transit

($3,383M)44%

Ped / Bike ($268M)

3%

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Flexible Funds for Transit Flexible Funds for Transit (FY 1992 – FY 2002)(FY 1992 – FY 2002)

Cumulative Transfers– CMAQ $5,051M– STP $3,464M– Other $699M– Total $9,214M

Other 8%

STP 38%

CMAQ 55%

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CMAQ and the New NAAQSCMAQ and the New NAAQS

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CMAQ and the New NAAQSCMAQ and the New NAAQS

Underlying Principle of CMAQ $$:Funding should be proportional to AQ

problem The CMAQ formula is statutory (see 23

USC 104)New areas designated, but not covered by

current statute (Title 23) SAFETEA addresses 8-hr ozone, PM2.5

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Air Quality: New Ozone Air Quality: New Ozone Nonattainment Areas Nonattainment Areas

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Air Quality: Potential PMAir Quality: Potential PM2.52.5

Nonattainment AreasNonattainment Areas

EPA: 244 counties. Designations expected by end of 2004.

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CMAQ and ReauthorizationCMAQ and Reauthorization

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Reauthorization of Surface Reauthorization of Surface Transportation Funding: SAFETEATransportation Funding: SAFETEA

The last funding Act, TEA-21, covered FY ’98 – ‘03 and sunset 9/30/03.

Administration proposed SAFETEA in May 2003…But Congress has yet to pass a new law

Current: short-term reauthorizations and continuing resolutions

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CMAQ Authorization LevelsCMAQ Authorization Levels

0 .86

1.03 1.03 1 .0 3 1.03 1.03

1.19

1 .3 5 1.36

1.5 1.51.6 1.6 1.6

1.431 .4 11.38

1.1

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

'92 '93 '9 4 '95 '96 '97 '9 8 '99 '00 '01 '0 2 '03 '04 '0 5 '06 '07 '08 '0 9

Year

Bil

lio

ns

$

IS T E A T EA -21SAF ETEA*

* Administration proposal

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Funding under 3 billsFunding under 3 bills

SAFETEA: $8.9 billion for CMAQ ($256 billion total)

Senate: $13.4 billion ($341 billion) House: $9.4 billion ($285 billion)

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More Areas, More Funding??More Areas, More Funding??

More than 120 new counties will be nonattainment for 8-hour ozone

More than 240 counties projected to be nonattainment for fine PM

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Reauthorization: CMAQ and Reauthorization: CMAQ and SAFETEASAFETEA

CMAQ Apportionment formula Administration proposed formula

changes to adopt new NAAQS Senate (S.1072) adopted our changes House (HR 3550) has not Changes to reflect the new NAAQS are

expected, but when?

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TEA-21 Weighting FactorsTEA-21 Weighting FactorsMaintenance 0.8 Submarginal 0.8 Marginal 1.0 Moderate 1.1 Serious 1.2 Severe 1.3 Extreme 1.4 Maint 0.8 Nonatt 1.0

O3 CO Maintenance 1.1 * O3 factor

O3 CO Nonattainment 1.2 * O3 factor

1-hr O3

CO

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SAFETEA Weighting FactorsSAFETEA Weighting FactorsMaintenance 1.0 Submarginal --Marginal 1.0 Moderate 1.1 Serious 1.2 Severe 1.3 Extreme 1.4

1-hr O3

Maintenance 1.0 Nonattainment 1.0 Maintenance 1.0 Nonattainment 1.0 Maintenance 1.0 Nonattainment 1.2

CO

8-hr O3

PM2.5

O3 CO Maint 1.2 * O3 factor

O3 CO Nonatt 1.2 * O3 factor

O3 PM2.5 1.2 * O3 factorCO PM2.5 1.0 * 1.2

O3 CO PM2.5 1.2 * 1.2 * O3 factor

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TEA-21, SAFETEA Differences TEA-21, SAFETEA Differences TEA-21 SAFETEA

1-hr O3 Maint 0.8 1.0 CO Maint 0.8 1.0

8-hr O3 Maint -- 1.0 Nonatt -- 1.0

PM2.5 Maint -- 1.0 Nonatt -- 1.2

O3 CO Maint 1.1 * O3 1.2 * O3 factor

O3 PM2.5 -- 1.2 * O3 factorCO PM2.5 -- 1.0 * 1.2

O3 CO PM2.5 -- 1.2 * 1.2 * O3

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SAFETEA & New PollutantsSAFETEA & New Pollutants New 8-hr ozone areas weight = 1.0

New PM2.5 areas weight = 1.2

Multiple pollutants earn extra weight

1-hr ozone factors (marginal to extreme) will take precedence in FY05

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Reauthorization ScenariosReauthorization Scenarios

1) SAFETEA passes in FY04

2) SAFETEA passes in FY05

3) Wild card– New NAAQS provisions not adopted??

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If SAFETEA (new NAAQS If SAFETEA (new NAAQS provisions) passes in FY04provisions) passes in FY04

FY05 apportionments would reflect new law8-hr areas would be includedWhere 1-hr and 8-hr overlap, 1-hr would

take precedenceNo 1-hr areas removed from CMAQ

apportionment formulaPM2.5 areas will not be included

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If SAFETEA Passes in FY04If SAFETEA Passes in FY04

FY2006-2009 1-hr ozone std. revoked (expected June

2005)1-hr areas will be removed from formula8-hr areas will remain in the formula

PM2.5 areas designated (expected December 2004) Include in FY06 apportionments

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If SAFETEA passes in If SAFETEA passes in FY05FY05

Initial FY05 apportionments will be made according to TEA-21 formulaLeave out 8-hr; PM2.5

Final FY05 apportionments will be redone once SAFETEA is signed to include 8-hr areas

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Wild card??Wild card??

Congress could pass something different Impossible to guess

OR

Congress could fail to adopt new NAAQS provisionsFY05: 8-hr not included (formula based on 1-hr

and CO areas)FY06: 8-hr, PM2.5 not included (formula based on

CO only!)

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Even if No Bill is Passed…Even if No Bill is Passed…

New areas can spend CMAQ funds once they have been designated

However, States will not be apportioned funds for 8-hr / PM2.5 areas without new legislation

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Early Action CompactsEarly Action Compacts

No statutory basis for including EACs in apportionments—nonattainment is deferred

No draft bill brings EACs into the formula

Exception is EACs that are 1-hour ozone maintenance—they remain in the formula

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Areas no longer identified as NA or maintenance are out of the formula and ineligible for CMAQ investment

Existing CMAQ guidance features some flexibility and transition for these areas

Updated guidance is under discussion

Former CMAQ AreasFormer CMAQ Areas

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New Areas and CMAQ New Areas and CMAQ EligibilityEligibility

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CMAQ Projects MustCMAQ Projects Must

…be a Transportation Project

…in a NA/Mtce area

…that reduces emissions

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CMAQ and Creativity: CMAQ and Creativity: ExamplesExamples

Station Cars/ Car Sharing Boston, Seattle

HD Diesel Retrofits CA

Truck Stop Electrification NYC

Intermodal Freight Ohio, Maine, NYC

New Fuels - Fuel Cell Buses Chicago, Houston, Atlanta,

LA

ITS – Transit and Road Everywhere

Public-Pvt. Partnerships Jersey City, Chicago,

Atlanta Parking Cash Out

Glendale I/M & Remote Sensing

WI, NY, DC, IN, IL, NJ Transit-Oriented Dev.

Portland, Minneapolis

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Areas New to CMAQ?Areas New to CMAQ?

MPOs need to develop a CMAQ project selection process

Involve partners and stakeholders Transparent, codified Annual CMAQ reports

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Basic CMAQ Eligibility…Basic CMAQ Eligibility…

Eligible projects include: transit improvements shared ride services traffic flow improvements demand management bicycle and pedestrian projects alternative fuels inspection and maintenance programs freight services experimental pilots public / private partnerships

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CMAQ EligibilityCMAQ Eligibility

Idle Reduction projects Freight projects (intermodal)

Rail / truck / barge

Diesel Retrofit projectsOn-road: Freight and busesOff-road: construction equipment

Conformity credit issue

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Traffic CongestionTraffic CongestionTruck and Rail Flows

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Alternative FuelsAlternative Fuels

Biodiesel ProjectsYes, but probably not in NOx-limited areas

Hybrids

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Other IssuesOther Issues

Operating costs-3 year limit

Vehicle lease as capital cost

Increased emphasis on meeting ADA requirements

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CMAQ Reporting CMAQ Reporting RequirementsRequirements

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CMAQ Tracking SystemCMAQ Tracking System

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CMAQ Tracking SystemCMAQ Tracking System

Benefits of using the systemStandardize dataCreate reports for your State

Upload vs. entering individual projects

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Expected Emissions BenefitsExpected Emissions Benefits (VOC, FY2000) (VOC, FY2000)

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http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/cmaqpgs/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/cmaqpgs/index.htmindex.htm

[email protected] (CMAQ Coordinator)

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected] (AQ Team Leader)

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Questions??Questions??