1 California Dairy Air Emissions Action Plan Presentation for CRPAQS/CCOS POLICY COMMITTEE May 2, 2003 Matthew D. Summers, PE Office of Agriculture and.

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California Dairy Air Emissions Action Plan

Presentation for CRPAQS/CCOS POLICY COMMITTEE May 2, 2003

Matthew D. Summers, PEOffice of Agriculture and Environmental Stewardship

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Why Do We Need Air Research on Dairies?

California is home to a $4.6 billion dairy industry that would like to continue growth

Dairy industry is largely located in two of the nation’s most polluted air basins, South Coast and San Joaquin Valley

Federal Clean Air Act requires Air Districts to address all significant pollution sources

California Environmental Quality Act requires all new projects to mitigate environmental impacts

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Why Are Livestock Emissions Important to Air Quality Studies?

Livestock emissions are a large part of the inventories for secondary pollutants

Accuracy of inventories are critical for “receptor” modeling

Livestock emissions are subject to seasonal and operational variables important to assessing local pollution episodes

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Air Emissions of Concern from Dairy Operations

Reactive Organic Gas (ROG)– Reacts in the atmosphere to form ozone

Ammonia– Reacts in the atmosphere to form PM 2.5

Particulate Matter– Soil and manure particles directly emitted as PM 10

Ammonia Emissions Contributions in the San Joaquin Valley

On-Road Mobile1%

Soils11%

Fertilizer31%

Stationary1%

Area-Wide1%

Livestock55%

2000 Inventory

(416 TPD NH3)

Year 2000 PM10 Emissions Inventory

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

UNPAVEDROAD DUST

FARMINGOPER.

PAVED ROADDUST

WINDBLOWNDUST

WASTEBURNING &DISPOSAL

CONSTR. &DEMO.

OTHER

Tons

Per

Day

111.52 111.28 63.95 51.13 51.09 24.46 68.02Series 1

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Problems With Current Emissions Methodology

Emissions factors from single study or “guess” High uncertainty estimates Do not account for factors (season, geography,

site design, feed, manure management) Do not identify what process on the dairy

operation generates emissions Do not offer opportunities to demonstrate

reductions from improved practices

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Realities

Regulators, academics, and the dairy industry need to work closely together if issues are to be resolved

Regulatory decisions will be made withthe available science, even if poor

Without scientific evaluation, any changes to current practices may not improve air quality

If we do not act, it is likely that others will force actions

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Dairy Subcommittee of SJVAPCD

Representation:– Industry (Dairymen, Western United)

– Air Regulators (SJVUAPCD, CARB, EPA)

– Academics (UC Davis, CSU Fresno)

– Others (SusCon, CARES, Kings Co., Merced Co.)

– Chair (CDFA – George Bluhm)

Group is focused on quantifying the problem and seeking effective solutions

Group developed the Action Plan

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Goals of Dairy Air Action Plan

To develop high quality emissions estimates for dairy operations including a model to predict temporally resolved, farm- and farm process specific emissions for dairies;

To evaluate and compare air emission mitigation techniques and technologies for dairy operations.

To develop sustainable incentive-based programs to ensure implementation of effective mitigation measures

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Action Plan Will Be Used to Organize Research and Funding

A technical group will be formed within a funding agency to:– Develop RFP’s– Technical review of proposed projects– Maintain a “working” research plan– Seek additional funding for research– Provide results and information– Foster ongoing cooperation

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Sustainable Incentive-Based Programs

California Dairy Quality Assurance Program (education)

Environmental Quality Incentives Program and Conservation Reserve Program (partial funding through NRCS)

Emissions Reduction Credits (incentive) Other Possible Incentives (loans, grant

programs, etc.)

All of these programs require a strong technical foundation to implement!

Timetable and Funding Cost Year

Research Category ($1000) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Emission estimates Perform whole-farm measurements of ROG 30 Conduct process-level experiments 1,200 Perform whole-farm measurements 400 Incorporate process-level data into models 150 Use on-farm measurements to test models 100 Emission mitigation techniques and technologies Perform surveys of current practices 20 Develop linkages between groups and agencies 100 Test and compare air emission mitigation 300 Perform on-farm testing to confirm benefits 100 Quantify pollution reductions from mitigation 50

Legend Low Effort Medium Effort High Effort

Note: Methodology development is a part of all efforts listed above

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Total Initial Funding Sought

Total Projected Costs: $2.5 million Funding Secured: $0.7 million

– Sources: California Air Resources Board, Dairy Industry, USDA, USEPA, University of California, Members of Subcommittee

Additional Funding Needed: $1.7 million

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Contact Information

Matthew D. Summers, P.E.

California Department of Food and Agriculture

1220 N. Street

Sacramento, CA 95814

916-651-7178

[email protected]