1 Bragg Curve Protons and Carbon. 2 Application of Range The localized energy deposition of heavy charged particles can be useful therapeutically.

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Bragg CurveProtons and

Carbon

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Application of RangeThe localized energy deposition of

heavy charged particles can be useful therapeutically = proton radiation therapy

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Proton Therapy

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Proton Therapy

Energy range of interest from 50 (eye) – 250 (prostate) MeV

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Proton Therapy

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Proton Therapy

Modulator, aperture, and compensator

Modulator

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Proton Therapy

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Proton Therapy

Lung cancer treatment Intensity modulated radiation therapy

vs proton therapy

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CyclotronThe first circular accelerator was the

cyclotron Developed by Lawrence in 1931 (for $25)

Grad student Livingston built it for his thesis About 4 inches in diameter

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CyclotronPrinciple of operation

Particle acceleration is achieved using an RF field between “dees” with a constant magnetic field to guide the particles

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CyclotronPrinciple of operation

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daccelerate is particle the

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CyclotronWhy don’t the particles hit the pole

pieces? The fringe field (gradient) provides vertical

and (less obviously) horizontal focusing

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CyclotronTRIUMF in Canada has the world’s largest

cyclotron

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CyclotronTRIUMF

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CyclotronNSCL cyclotron at Michigan State

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Cyclotron

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