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TRNG I HC NNG LM TP. H CH MINH
KHOA QUN L T AI V BT NG SN________
TI LIU HNG DN THC HNHMN TRC A I CNG
GV son KS. inhQuang Vinh
-Nm 2011-
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Khoa Qun l t ai v Bt ng sn 2011 KS. inh Quang Vinh (0908708325)
Hng dn thc hnh mn Trc a i cng 2
BI 1. S DNG MY KINH V QUANG HC I. Cu to ca my kinh v quang hc.
II. Quy trnh t my trn mt trm o. - Bc 1. Di tm: l thao tc dng hai chn my a tm ca my trng vi tm mc trn mt t. - Bc 2. Cn bng s b: l thao tc dng cc c trn cc chn my a bt thy trn vo gia.
i vi nhng my khng c bt thy trn th dng ngay ng thy di cn bng s b. - Bc 3. Cn bng chnh xc: l thao tc dng cc c cn trn my a ng thy di vo gia.
III. o khong cch bng my kinh v quang hc v mia. Gi s cn o khong cch gia hai im ta thc
hin cc bc sau y:- t my kinh v ti mt im, dng mia ti mt
im.- Quay my ngm mia ri iu chnh tiu c
nhn r hnh nh ca mia.- Dng c vi ng ngang iu chnh ch di ca
li ch ch thp trng vo mt vch chn gn nht trn mia sau tnh khong cch t my n mia theo2 cch sau y:
+ Cch 1: m t ch di ln ch trn xem lbao nhiu centimet th cng chnh l s mttnh t my n mia. Cch ny nn dng khi khongcch t my n mia ngn.
+ Cch 2: Ly hiu s c ca ch trn v ch
di ri cng thm khong l. Cch ny nn dng khikhong cch t my n mia di.* Lu : Trng hp ni trn p dng cho hng snhn K=100, tc l 1cm trn mia tng ng vi1m ngoi thc a. Nu K=200 th 1cm 2m.* V d: Theo hnh 1 th khong cch t my n mial 9,2m. Cn gi tr trn hnh 2 l 20,7m.
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Khoa Qun l t ai v Bt ng sn 2011 KS. inh Quang Vinh (0908708325)
Hng dn thc hnh mn Trc a i cng 3
IV. Cch c gi tr gc ca mt s my kinh v quang hc. 1. My THEO 010B.a. Cch c s bn ng.
- Bn ng ca my THEO 010B l loi bn ng khc vch lin tc nn gi tr c cchnh l gi tr gc thin nh (Z). Bn ng khc vch lin tc c gi tr t 01800.
- Gc thin nh (Z) l gc hp bi hng tia ngm vi hng nh tri.
b. Cch c s bn ngang.
2. My DAHLTA.a. Cch c s bn ng.
- Bn ng ca my DAHLTA l loi bn ng khc vch lin tc nn gi tr c c ch nh
l gi tr gc thin nh (Z). Bn ng ca my DAHLTA c chia vch t 0200gr (vi 1gr = 100c;1c =100cc).
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Khoa Qun l t ai v Bt ng sn 2011 KS. inh Quang Vinh (0908708325)
Hng dn thc hnh mn Trc a i cng 4
b. Cch c s bn ngang.- Bn ngang ca my DAHLTA c chia thnh 400 phn bng nhau, mi phn nh vy l mt
grat (gr), (vi 1gr = 100c; 1c =100cc).
3. My 3T5K.a. Cch c s bn ng.
- Bn ng ca my 3T5K l loi bn ng khc vch i xng nn gi tr c c trnbn ng chnh l gi tr gc ng (V). Bn ng khc vch i xng c gi tr t 0900.
- Gc ng (V) l gc hp bi hng tia ngm vi hng nm ngang.
b. Cch c s bn ngang.
4. My 4T30.a. Cch c s bn ng.
- Bn ng ca my 4T30 l loi bn ng khc vch i xng nn gi tr c c trn bn ng chnh l gi tr gc ng (V). Bn ng khc vch i xng c gi tr t 090 0.
b. Cch c s bn ngang.
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Khoa Qun l t ai v Bt ng sn 2011 KS. inh Quang Vinh (0908708325)
Hng dn thc hnh mn Trc a i cng 5
V. Cch o gc bng.1. Phng php o n gin.
Phng php ny p dng khi s hng bng 2. Gi tr thu c sau khi o l gi tr gc. Gi s cn o gc gia 3 im: GPS6, KV1-1, KV1-2 thao tc o c th nh sau: t my kinh v ti
im KV1-1.- v tr thun knh: Ngm im GPS6 v a bn ngang v 00 sau quay my ngm im
KV1-2 v c s c trn bn ngang v ghi vo s o gc.- o knh: Ngm chnh xc im KV1-2 ri c s trn bn ngang v ghi vo s sau quay
my ngm im GPS6 ri c s trn bn ngang v ghi vo s. n y l kt thc mt ln o ngin.* Lu : Nu gc phi o nhiu ln th gi tr ban u ca mi ln o s thay i mt gi tr c tnh theo
cng thc :n
1800
. Trong n l tng s ln o.
2. Phng php o ton vng.Phng php ny p dng khi s hng 3. Gi tr thu c sau khi o l gi tr hng.
Gi s cn o gc bng phng php o ton vng ti im GPS6 n cc hng KV1 -3, GPS5,KV1-1 nh hnh v th thao tc o c th nh sau: t my kinh v ti im GPS6.
- v tr thun knh: Ngm im KV1-3( im c khong cch trung bnh so vi cc hng cnli) ri a gi tr bn ngang v 0 0 sau ln lt ngm v cc im GPS5, KV1 -1 v KV1-3 cs c ca bn ngang v ghi v s o gc.
- o knh: Ngm chnh xc im KV1-3 ri c s trn bn ngang v ghi vo s sau ln ltquay my ngm im KV1-1, GPS5 v KV1-3 ri c s trn bn ngang v ghi vo s. n y l ktthc mt ln o ton vng.* Lu : Nu gc phi o nhiu ln th gi tr ban u ca mi ln o s thay i mt gi tr c tnh theo
cng thc :n
1800
. Trong n l tng s ln o.
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Ngi o: Nguyn Vn Hng TRM O: KV1-1 Loi my: PentaxNgi ghi: L Vn Nam S my: 123456Bt u lc: 7h 30 Thi tit: NngKt thc lc: 8h 00
S LIU O CNH NG CHUY NCnh t: KV1-1 n: GPS6 Cnh t KV1-1 n: KV1-2 Cnh t. n Cnh t. n
L1= 99.942 m L1= 95.754 m L1= .... L1= ....L2= 99.938 m L2= 95.756 m L2= ........ L2= ........LTB= 99.940 m LTB= 95.755 m LTB= . LTB= .
L no
i mngm
S cbn tri
S cbn phi
2CTr gi gcna ln o
Tr gi gcmt ln o
Tr gi gccc ln o
Ghi ch
1 GPS6 0 00 00 180 00 00 00 252 10 34252 10 33
KV1-2 252 10 34 72 10 32 +02 252 10 32252 10 34
2 GPS6 90 00 00 270 00 02 - 02 252 10 35252 10 35
KV1-2 342 10 35 162 10 37 - 02 252 10 35
S o ni
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Ngi o: Nguyn Vn Hng TRM O: GPS6 Loi my: PentaxNgi ghi: L Vn Nam S my: 123456Bt u lc: 8h 15 Thi tit: NngKt thc lc: 9h 10
S LIU O CNH NG CHUY NCnh t: GPS6 n: KV1-3 Cnh t GPS6 n: KV1-1 Cnh t.n Cnh t.n
L1= 128.381 m L1= 99.939 m L1= .... L1= ....L2= 128.379 m L2= 99.941 m L2= ........ L2= ........LTB= 128.380 m LTB= 99.940 m LTB= . LTB= .
L no
i mngm
S cbn tri
S cbn phi
2CTr gi hng
na ln oTr gi hng
mt ln oTr gi hng
cc ln oGhi ch
1 KV1-3 0 00 00 180 00 02 - 02 0 00 00 0 00 01 0 00 00 Quy 0= 202
GPS5 156 11 33 336 11 31 +02 156 11 33 156 11 32 156 11 30 156 11 3131
KV1-1 279 38 18 99 38 16 + 02 279 38 18 279 38 17 279 38 15 279 38 1616
KV1-3 0 00 04 180 00 02 +02 0 00 04 0 00 03
2 KV1-3 90 00 00 270 00 00 00 90 00 00 90 00 00 0 00 00 Quy 0= 90 00 0100 156 11 31
GPS5 246 11 33 66 11 33 00 246 11 33 246 11 33 156 11 3233 123 26 45
KV1-1 9 38 19 189 38 17 + 02 9 38 19 9 38 18 279 38 1717
KV1-3 90 00 03 270 00 01 +02 90 00 03 90 00 02
S o ni
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BI 2. HAI BI TON TRC A C BN
I. Bi ton thun.1. Ni dung bi ton thun.
- Cho 1 im c ta )( ,YXA AA , khong cch gia 2 im AB l SAB v gc phng
v ca cnh AB l AB .- Tnh ta ca im )( ,YXB BB .
2. Cch tnh bi ton thun.Theo hnh v, ta im B c tnh nh sau:
XXX ABAB YYY ABAB
Trong :
CosSX ABABAB . SinSY ABABAB .
* Lu : tnh ton nhanh cc gi tr X v Y bng my tnh cm tay ta thc hin nh sau:
II. Bi ton nghch.1. Ni dung bi ton nghch.
- Cho 2 im bit ta )( ,YXA AA , )( ,YXB BB .
- Tnh khong cch gia hai im AB SAB , gc phng v ca cnh AB AB .2. Cch tnh bi ton nghch.
- Tnh khong cch gia 2 im AB:
Sin
Y
Cos
XYXSAB
AB
AB
ABAB
22
- Tnh gc phng v ca cnh AB:
XY
AB
ABAB
arctg
* Lu : tnh ton nhanh SAB v AB bng my tnh cm tay ta thc hin nh sau:
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BI 3. MT S NG DNG CA MY KINH V TRONG TRC A I. o chi tit bng phng php ta cc.
- Bc 1. t my trn mt im trm o (di tm, cn bng s b, cn bng chnh xc). - Bc 2. nh hng: l vic ngm ng knh v mt trm o khc v a bn ngang v 0 0.- Bc 3. o chi tit: l vic quay my ngm n mia dng ti cc im chi tit (gc ranh, gc
ng, gc ngot ca sng sui) thu thp cc s liu v gc v cnh ri ghi vo trong s o chitit.II. o khong cch gin tip.
Khong cch o c t my n mia ngi ta gi lkhong cch trc tip, cn khong cch gia hai mia c gil khong cch gin tip.Gi s cn o khong cch gia 2 im dng mia B v C ta lmnh sau:
- t my ti 1 im bt k (A) sao cho c th ngm ncc im dng mia (B, C).
-Ngm mia dng ti B v C ri o gc v o khong cch t my n 2 mia ta c cnh bv c nh hnh v.
- Tnh khong cch gin tip (a) theo cng thc:
Coscbcba ...222
III. o gc dn tip.Gc o c ti im t my ngi ta gi l gc o trc tip,cngc xc nh c ti cc im khng t my ngi ta gi l gco gin tip. Gi s cn xc nh 2 gc B v C nh hnh v ta thc
hin nh sau:- t my kinh v ti im A, dng mia ti 2 im B v C.- Ngm mia dng ti B v C ri o gc v o khong
cch t my n 2 mia ta c cnh b v c nh hnh v. - Tnh khong cch gin tip (a) theo cng thc:
Coscbcba ...222
- Tnh gc B v C theo cng thc:
IV. o, tnh ta ca mt im bng phng php im dn (Cc ph).
Gi s cn tnh ta im T khi c cc s liu gc v sliu o nh hnh v ta tin hnh nh sau:
- Tnh gc phng v ta cho cnh gc )(AB :
0547129 "'0
AB - Tnh gc phng v ta cho cnh BT:
1800
traitruocsau (1)
hoc 1800
phaitruocsau (2)
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Hng dn thc hnh mn Trc a i cng 10
Theo hnh v, gc o c l gc tri nn p dng cng thc (1), tc l:
451770180 "'00
^
BABBT - Tnh s gia ta ca cnh BT.
CosSX BTBTBT . SinSY BTBTBT .
- Tnh ta cho im T:
xXX BTBT yYY BTBT
V. o tnh din tch bng phng php ta vung gc.
1. o chi tit cc im cn tnh din tch bng phng php ta cc. - t my kinh v ti im A.
- nh hng v im B.- Quay my n cc im chi tit 1, 2, 3 thuthp cc s liu o gc v cnh ri ghi vo s o chitit.
2. Tnh ton ta cho cc im chi tit.TT
S x y X Y1 40 30 30 60,5 24 33 46 55,025 25,149 555,025 625,149
2 60 45 15 80.0 44 48 31 56,757 56,379 556,757 656,379
3 80 50 50 70,9 64 54 06 30,074 64,206 530,074 664,206
- Tnh gc phng v cnh gc: 1603164 "'0
BA
- Tnh gc phng v cho cc cnh n cc im chi tit.
1800
traitruocsau
hoc 180
0
phaitruocsau
- Tnh s gia ta x, y cho cc cnh n cc im chi tit.- Tnh ta cho cc im chi tit.
xxx AiAi yyy
AiAi
STT
S1 40 30 30 60,5
2 60 45 15 80.0
3 80 50 50 70,9
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3. Tnh din tch.C th p dng 1 trong hai cng thc sau y tnh din tch:
)(11
12 YYXP ii
n
i
)(11
12 XXYP iin
i
Theo hnh v, din tch ca vng 123 c tnh nh sau:
mYYXYYXYYXYYXP iin
i
2
243132021111
866,8462 )()()()(
Trong : ));););141433
(((( yyxxyyxx oo .VI. o chiu cao cng trnh. xc nh chiu cao ca mt cng trnh ta lm nh sau:
- t my ti mt im bt k sao cho khi t my trnim ny c th nhn thy nh v chn cng trnh.
- Dng mia chn cng trnh v xc nh khong cchngang t my n mia (D).
-Ngm ng knh ln nh cng trnh ri c gi tr gcng (V1).
-Ngm ng knh xung chn cng trnh ri c gi trgc ng (V2).
- Tnh chiu cao cng trnh (H) theo cng thc:
HHH 21 Trong : VtgDH 11 .
VtgDH 22 . VII. Giao hi thun.
Giao hi thun l vic t my trn 2 im bit ta (A, B) v o cc gc n im cn xcnh ta (C) xc nh ta cho im (C).
Gi s t my kinh v ti A v B ngm v Cv o c 2 gc nh hnh v. Khi cc bc tnhton ta cho im C c thc hin nh sau:
im S X Y X Y
C 1051,964 779,94140 03 07 590,446 +451,964 +379,941
A 70 30 15 600.000 400.000110 33 22 854,400
B 40 15 20 300.000 1200.000330 48 42 861,335 +751,964 -420,057
C 1051,964 779,943
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1. Tnh gc phng v ta cho cnh gc.
2233110 "'0
AB 2233290 "'0
BA
2. Tnh gc phng vcho cnh AC v BC.
070340180 "'00
BAAC
4248330180 "'00
^
BABBC 3. Tnh gc C:
251469180 "'0
^0
^
)( BC 4. Tnh khong cch AC v BC.
mSinBSinCSS ABAC 446,590.
mSinASinCSS ABBC 335,861.
5. Tnh s gia ta cho cnh AC v BC.6. Tnh ta cho im C theo im A.
XXX ACAA
C
YYY ACAA
C 7. Tnh ta cho im C theo im B.
XXX BCBB
C
YYY BCBB
C
8. Tnh ta trung bnh cho im C.
mXXXB
C
A
CC 964,1051
2
mYYYB
C
A
CC 942,779
2
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BI 4. XY DNG LI KHNG CH MT BNG I. nh ngha li khng ch mt bng.
Li khng ch mt bng l h thng cc im c lin quan hnh hc cht ch vi nhau. Cc im nyc nh du ngoi thc a bng cc mc c bit v c xc nh ta thng nht theo h ta quc giahoc theo h ta gi nh.II. Nguyn tc xy dng li khng ch.
- T tng th n cc b.- T chnh cc cao n chnh xc thp.
III. H thng li khng ch cc cp.1. Li Nh nc.2. Li a chnh c s.3. Li a chnh.4. Li khng ch o v.
IV. Cc dng li ng chuyn kinh v.1. im dn (Cc ph).
2. ng chuyn treo.
- L ng chuyn xut pht t mt im gc, saukhi i qua cc im ng chuyn thkhng khp v imgc no khc.
3. ng chuyn khp kn.
- L ng chuyn xut pht t mt im gc, sau khii qua cc im ng chuyn th khp v im gc ban u.
4. ng chuyn ph hp.
- L ng chuyn xut pht t mt im gc, sau khii qua cc im ng chuyn th khp v im gc khc.
5. ng chuyn 1 im nt.
6. ng chuyn nhiu im nt.
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V. Quy trnh xy dng li khng ch mt bng.- Bc 1: Thu thp s liu, ti liu, bn , nh hng khng.- Bc 2: Kho st thc a- Bc 3: Thit k s b li khng ch trn bn hoc trn nh.- Bc 4: Chn im, chn mc ngoi thc a- Bc 5: o khng ch
- Bc 6: Tnh chuyn ta cc im gc (nu cn).- Bc 7: Tnh ton bnh sai
VI. Ni dung o c trong li ng chuyn.1. o cnh.2. o gc.
a. Phng php o n gin.b. Phng php o ton vng.
VII. Tnh ton bnh sai.
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A - BNH SAI GN NG NG CHUYN KINH V PH HP
I. S li
II. S liu gcSTT X (m) Y (m)
GPS1 1200000.000 600000.000
GPS2 1200078.220 600115.970
GPS3 1200023.020 600360.660
GPS4 1200061.940 600490.430
III. Bng tnh ng chuyn
imV
S (m)Vx
X(m)Vy
Y(m) X(m) Y(m)GPS1 1200000.000 600000
+ 02 56
000
03
GPS2 23104839 - 0.001 + 0.007 1200078.220 600115+ 02 107 48 44 91.360 - 27.947 + 86.980
KV1-1 14905457 0.000 + 0.007 1200050.272 600202+ 01
77
043
43
83.220 + 17.688 + 81.318
KV1-2 22204443 0.000 + 0.007 1200067.960 600284+ 02 120 28 27 88.612 - 44.940 + 76.371
GPS3 13204950 1200023.020 60036073
018
19
GPS4 1200061.940 600490
Tng 73701809 263.192 - 55.199 + 244.669
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IV. Cc bc tnh ton bnh sai1. Tnh gc phng v cnh gc: 030056
"'0
21
GPSGPS v 191873 "'0
43
GPSGPS
2. Tnh tng cc gc o: o= 737018093. Tnh tng cc gc l thuyt:
LT
= (cui u) + ( + 2)x1800
hoc LT= (cui u) + ( - 2)x1800
Trong : l s im cn xc nh to .
Theo hnh trn : 180)22(2143
GPSGPSGPSGPS
LT
1618737 "'0
4. Tnh sai s khp gc f
:
7"
LTo
f 5. Tnh sai s khp gc cho phpfcp :
gmf cp
"2
Trong : - g : tng s gc o ca ng chuyn- "m : Sai s trung phng o gc. Sai s ny quy nh c th cho
tng cp li. V d theo quy phm thnh lp bn a chnh c th i vi ngchuyn KV1 v KV2 th "15m . Vy trong trng hp ny "604"152 f cp 6. So snh f
vf
cp:
- f>fcp th kim tra li kt qu tnh ton, nu kt qu tnh ton khng c sai stth tin hnh xc nh gc no sai tin hnh o li gc .
- ffcp th tin hnh tnh s hiu chnh v gc phn phi cho cc gc.7. Tnh s hiu chnh v gc (V) v phn phi cho cc gc:
4
)"7(
gfv
Tc l: 3 gc s hiu chnh (+2), cn li gc c s chnh lch khong cch gia2 cnh nh nht s hiu chnh (+1).8. Kim tra fv
9. Tnh gc phng v to cho cc cnh ng chuyn
180( 0) Vtraitruocsau
hoc 180( 0) Vpha itruocsau
10. Kim tra180(
0
1 )
Vtraincuoi hoc 180(
0
1 )
Vpha incuoi
- Theo hnh trn ta c: 191873180( "'00
31243 )
VtraiGPSKVGPSGPS 11. Tnh s gia to ),( yx cho cc cnh:
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12. Tnh tnh
xv
tnh
y
)(199.55 mtnh
x
)(669.244 mtnh
y
13. Tnh sai s khp s gia to ff yx v )(001.0)( mxxf ucuoi
tnh
x
lthuyt
x
tnh
xx
)(021.0)( myyf ucuoi
tnh
y
lthuyt
y
tnh
yy
14. Tnh sai s khp cnh fs
)(021.022
mfff yxs
15. Tnh sai s khp tng iT
1
12532
11
sTf s
16. So snhT
1 viTcp
1
-Tcp
1c quy nh c th cho tng cp li. V d theo quy phm thnh lp bn
a chnh c, vng nng thn th4000
11
Tcpi vi KV1 v
2000
11
Tcpi vi KV2.
-Nu TcpT11 th kim tra li kt qu tnh ton, nu kt qu tnh ton khng c sai
st th tin hnh xc nh cnh no sai tin hnh o li cnh .
- NuTcpT11
th tin hnh tnh s hiu chnh v s gia to vv yx v ri hiu
chnhcho cc cnh.17. Tnh s hiu chnh v s gia to vv yx v ri hiu chnh cho cc cnh.
sf
v ixxs
sf
v iy
y
s
18. Kim tra cc gi tr:
fv xx fv yy 19. Tnh to cc im:
vxx xxtrucsau vyy yytrucsau
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B - BNH SAI GN NG NG CHUYN KINH V KHP KN
I. S li
II. S liu gcSTT X (m) Y (m)
GPS5 1200013.640 600807.680
GPS6 1200043.450 600955.380
III. Bng tnh ng chuyn
im V
S (m)Vx
X(m)Vy
Y(m) X(m) Y(m)GPS5 1200013.640 600807.
- 03 78
035
22
GPS6 12302645 0.000 + 0.003 1200043.450 600955.- 02 22 02 04 99.940 +92.640 + 37.494
KV1-1 25201034 0.000 + 0.003 1200136.090 600992- 02
94
012
36
95.755 -7.030 + 95.497
KV1-2 26903834 0.000 + 0.004 1200129.060 601088- 02 183 51 08 113.428 - 113.172 -7.620
KV1-3 27803247 -0.001 + 0.005 1200015.888 601080- 02
28202353 128.380 +27.563 -125.386GPS6 15601131 1200043.450 600955.
258035
22
GPS5 1200013.640 600807.
Tng 1080 00 11 437.503 +0.001 - 0.015
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Khoa Qun l t ai v Bt ng sn 2011 KS. inh Quang Vinh (0908708325)
Hng dn thc hnh mn Trc a i cng 19
IV. Cc bc tnh ton bnh sai1. Tnh gc phng v cnh gc: 223578
"'0
65
GPSGPS v 2235258 "'0
56
GPSGPS 2. Tnh tng cc gc o: o= 1080000113. Tnh tng cc gc l thuyt:
-Nu o cc gc ngoi ca a gic: 1080180 00
)2( cLT
-Nu o cc gc trong ca a gic: 180
0)2(c
LT
Trong : c l tng s cnh cn o ca ng chuyn
4. Tnh sai s khp gc f:
11"
Lythuyto
f 5. Tnh sai s khp gc cho php fcp :
gmf cp
"2
Trong : - g : tng s gc o ca ng chuyn- "m : Sai s trung phng o gc. Sai s ny quy nh c th cho tng cpli. V d theo quy phm thnh lp bn a chnh c th i vi ng chuyn KV1v KV2 th "15m .6. So snh fv fcp:
- f> fcp th kim tra li kt qu tnh ton, nu kt qu tnh ton khng c sai stth tin hnh xc nhgc no sai tin hnh o li gc .
- f fcp th tin hnh tnh s hiu chnh v gc phn phi cho cc gc.7. Tnh s hiu chnh v gc (V) v phn phi cho cc gc:
5"11
gfv
Tc l: 4 gc s hiu chnh (-2), cn li gc c s chnh lch khong cch gia 2cnh ln nht s hiu chnh (-3).8. Kim tra fv
9. Tnh gc phng v to cho cc cnh ng chuyn
180( 0) Vtraitruocsau
hoc 180( 0) Vpha itruocsau
10. Kim tra180(
0) Vtraitruocsau
11. Tnh s gia to ),( yx cho cc cnh:
12. Tnh tnh
xv
tnh
y
)(001.0 mtnh
x )(015.0 m
tnh
y
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Khoa Qun l t ai v Bt ng sn 2011 KS. inh Quang Vinh (0908708325)
Hng dn thc hnh mn Trc a i cng 20
13. Tnh sai s khp s gia to ff yx
v
)(001.0)( mxxf ucuoitnh
x
lthuyt
x
tnh
xx
)(015.0)( myyf ucuoi
tnh
y
lthuyt
y
tnh
yy
14. Tnh sai s khp cnh fs )(015.0
22
mfff yxs
15. Tnh sai s khp tng iT
1
29166
11
sTf
s
16. So snhT
1 viTcp
1
-Tcp
1c quy nh c th cho tng cp li. V d theo quy phm thnh lp bn
a chnh c, vng nng thn th4000
11
Tcpi vi KV1 v
2000
11
Tcpi vi
KV2.
-NuTcpT11
th kim tra li kt qu tnh ton, nu kt qu tnh ton khng c sai
st th tin hnh xc nh cnh no sai tin hnh o li cnh .
-Nu TcpT11 th tin hnh tnh s hiu chnh v s gia to vv yx v ri hiu
chnh cho cc cnh.17. Tnh s hiu chnh v s gia to vv yx v ri hiu chnh cho cc cnh.
sf
v ixx s
s
fv i
y
y s
18. Kim tra cc gi tr:
fv xx
fv yy 19. Tnh to cc im
vxx xxtrucsau
vyy yytrucsau
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Khoa Qun l t ai v Bt ng sn 2011 KS. inh Quang Vinh (0908708325)
Hng dn thc hnh mn Trc a i cng 21
BI 5. XY DNG LI KHNG CH CAOI. H thng li khng ch cao.Li khng ch cao ca Vit Nam gm 3 cp:
- Li khng ch cao Nh nc (I IV).- Li khng ch cao k thut.- Li khng ch cao o v.
II. Mt s dng ng chuyn cao.
1. ng chuyn treo.
2. ng chuyn khp kn.
3. ng chuyn ph hp.
4. ng chuyn 1 im nt.
5. ng chuyn nhiu im nt.
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Khoa Qun l t ai v Bt ng sn 2011 KS. inh Quang Vinh (0908708325)
Hng dn thc hnh mn Trc a i cng 22
III. Cc phng php o chnh cao.1. Phng php o cao lng gic.
Trong phng php o cao lng gic ngi ta s dng tia ngm nghing ca my kinh v xcnh chnh cao gia 2 im. Gi s cn xc nh chnh cao gia 2 im AB ta t my knh v ti imA, dng mia ti im B sau o v thu thp cc s liu sau y:
- DAB : Khong cch ngang t my n mia- L : Chiu cao tia ngm (t mt mc n ch gia li ch ch thp)- i: chiu cao my (t mt mc n trc quay ng knh)- V: Gc ng. Nu yu cu xc nh hAB vi chnh xc cao th phi o V 2 v tr bn
(thun knh, o knh) v o 1 ln bng phng php 3 ch hoc o 3 ln bng phng php 1 ch.
Khi chnh cao gia 2 im AB l hAB c tnh theo cng trc sau y:LitgVDh ABAB
-Nu 0hAB c ngha l im dng mia cao hn im dng my.-Nu 0hAB c ngha l im dng mia thp hn im dng my.
2. Phng php o cao hnh hc (o thu chun). Trong phng php o thu chun ngi ta s dng tia ngm ngang ca my thu chun xc
nh chnh cao gia 2 im. Da vo cch t my thu chun khi o chnh cao ta c 2 cch o thuchun sau y:a. o thu chun pha trc.
* Thao tc o: Gi s cn xc nh chnh cao gia 2 im A v B ngi ta t my thu chun ti A,dng mia ti B v tin hnh thu thp cc s liu sau y:
- Chiu cao my (i).- Chiu cao ch gia ca mia dng ti B.
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Khoa Qun l t ai v Bt ng sn 2011 KS. inh Quang Vinh (0908708325)
Hng dn thc hnh mn Trc a i cng 23
* Tnh chnh cao (hAB ): tihAB b. o thu chun t gia.
* Thao tc o: Gi s cn xc nh chnh cao gia 2 im A v B ngi ta t my thu chun gia 2im AB v dng mia ti 2 im ny ri tin hnh thu thp cc s liu sau y:
- Chiu cao (s) ca ch gia dng ti mia sau (mia dng ti im bit cao).
- Chiu cao (t) ca ch gia dng ti mia trc (mia dng ti im cha bit cao).* Tnh chnh cao (hAB ):
tshAB
IV. Cc sai s trong o thu chun v cch khc phc. TT Loi sai s Cch khc phc
1 Mia khng thng ng Gn ng thu trn trn mia2 Mia b ln trong qu trnh o Dng mia trn mia3 Sai s c s trn mia Cn thn trong qu trnh c s4 My b ln trong qu trnh o t my ni n nh, chc chn
5
Sai s gc i t my thu chun gia 2 imcn o6 Sai s khi ghi s, tnh ton h Cn thn trong qu trnh ghi s, tnh ton h7 nh hng ca cong tri t o thu chun t gia8 iu kin ngoi cnh (chit quang khng
kh, thiu nh sang trn mc tiu..)Chn thi im o thch hp
V. Tnh ton bnh sai li thu chun.1. Bnh sai gn ng ng chuyn cao ph hp. a. hnh.
Hnh III.9
b. S liu gc.STT Tn im cao (m)
1 A 50.0002 B 55.000
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Hng dn thc hnh mn Trc a i cng 24
c. Cc bc bnh sai.Tn im )(mhi )(mSi )(mVhi )(mHi
A 50.000
+1.523 142.0 -0.0031 51.520
+2.324 150.0 -0.003
2 53.841+1.482 125.0 -0.002
3 55.321-0.318 152.7 -0.003
B 55.000Tng 569.7
- Bc 1: Tnh sai s khp cao f h
:
mmHHhhhf daucuoidolythuyetdoh 11)( - Bc 2: Tnh sai s khp cao cho php:
+ V d li cao k thut khi o vng ng bng: mmf Lmm
hcp 3850
vi L l chiu di ng chuyn tnh bng km.
- Bc 3: so snh f h
vi f hcp
+ Nu ffh hcp th kim tra li kt qu o.
+ Nu ffh hcp th tin hnh tnh s hiu chnh phn phi sai s khp chnh cao.
- Bc 4: Tnh s hiu chnh Vhi v phn phi sai s khp chnh cao
SL
fV i
h
hi
- Bc 5: Kim tra: fV hhi - Bc 6: Tnh cao cho cc im:
VhHH hiiii 1 - Bc 7: Kim tra:
VhHH hnnncuoi 1