Course Instructor: Engr. Sana Ziafat
Dec 29, 2015
What is Audiencegroup of readers who reads a particular piece of
writingYou need to know your audience before you start
writing
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
Good Speakers/ Writers Are Audience Centered
Good Speakers Understand The Psychology Of Audiences.
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
Every Speech Contains Two Messages:
Message Sent by Speaker
Message Received By The Audience
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
Audiences Are EgocentricPay Attention to Messages That
Affect Them DirectlyThey Take The Approach: “Why
Is This Important To Me?”
Determining Your Audience TypeWriters determine their audience types by considering: Who they are (age, sex, education, economic status,
political/social/religious beliefs);
What Level of Information they have about the subject (novice, general reader, specialist or expert);
The Context in which they will be reading a piece of writing (in a newspaper, textbook, popular magazine, specialized journal, on the Internet, and so forth).
1. High Tech AudienceWork in your field of expertise
Same department or similar capacity in other company
Can be termed as colleagues because they haveSame educational backgroundSame work experienceSame level of understanding
Writing to high tech audience is easy.
Characteristics of High Tech Audience
1. Are experts in the your field.
2. High tech jargon, acronyms and abbreviations can be used.
3. Minimal details about standard procedures or technical theories
4. Little background information about a project’s history.
2. Low-Tech AudienceFamiliar with your field’s technology but do not know
the details.
Include BossesSubordinates Co-workers in other departments.Colleagues in other companies.
Characteristics of Low-tech Audience
1. Familiar with your field’s technology without knowing details.
2. Preferable to define jargon, abbreviation and acronyms.
3. Define technical concepts.
4. Need for providing background information
3. Lay AudienceDo not work for the company and have no
knowledge about your field of expertise.
IncludeCustomersClientsEnd users
Writing to lay audience is difficult and demanding.They expect more definition and description
Characteristics of Lay Audience1. Unfamiliar with your field’s technology.
2. Avoid jargon, abbreviations and acronyms or define them thoroughly.
3. Avoid high-tech terms or define them thoroughly.
4. Lay readers need background information.
4. Multiple AudienceCorrespondence is not always sent to just one type of
audience.
Challenging to write for multiple audience with different levels of understanding.
Characteristics of Multiple Audience
1. Provide background data as some of the readers will be unfamiliar with the subject matter. ( Use references )
2. Define jargon, acronyms and abbreviations. (Within parenthesis or in a glossary)
3. Use a matter-of-fact business like tone.
1. High Tech Audience Use jargon, acronym or abbreviation alone HTTP
2. Low Tech Audience Use jargon, acronym or abbreviation with parenthetical definition. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
3. Lay Audience Use jargon, acronym or abbreviation with extended definition. Extended definition = Term + Type + Distinguishing
Characteristics. A car is a vehicle that contains four wheels and is driven on land. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a computer access code
providing secure communications on networks.
Effective communication with multicultural audienceDefine abbreviations and acronymsAvoid Idioms
- we use “ on the other hand” what will this mean in global market?
Distinguish between noun and verbsWatch for cultural biases/ expectationsBe careful when using slash marks Avoid humorAvoid figurative language
When your are involved in technical writing omit pronouns like his , her as it depicts gender based biasing
If your writing implies that only men can do one kind of job and only women can do other type of job, you are stereotyping.
For example: The teacher must be sure her lesson plans are filed
Avoid Biased Language Radium was discovered by a woman, Marie Curie. Radium was discovered by Marie Curie. When setting up his experiment, the researcher must always check
for errors. When setting up experiment, the researcher must always check for
errors. Mrs Acton, an attractive blonde, is Joe’s assistant. Mrs Acton is Joe’s assistant. The manager is responsible for the productivity of his department. Management is responsible for departmental productivity. A good lawyer will make sure that his clients are aware of their
rights. A good lawyer will make sure that clients are aware of their rights.
Words to avoidMankindManpowerBusinessmenPolicemenFiremenChairmanWaiter / Waitress
PeopleWorkers , personnelBusiness peoplePolice officersFirefightersChairpersonServer
What we studied today?Recognize the types of audience as high-tech, low-tech,
lay or multiple.
How to define terms for different audience.
Avoid gender biased language.