1 A STUDY ON TRAVEL BEHAVIOR OF WOMEN PUBLIC ......DTCA (Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study, 2012) 2 Major routes in Dhaka (Route franchise) Areas adjacent to the major

A STUDY ON TRAVEL BEHAVIOR OF WOMEN PUBLIC BUS USERS IN DHAKA,

BANGLADESH.

1

NawshinTabassum

Lecturer, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

Professor, Dr. Mohammad Shakil Akther

Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Transport and Mobilities: Meeting the Needs of Working Women

19th – 20th August 2017, University of Asia Pacific, Bangladesh

▪ Men and women have distinct transport needs (Turner and

Fouracre, 1995; Law, 1999; Peters, 2000; Curtis and Perkins, 2006).

▪ The multiple roles of women have increased their demand

for transport (Shefali, 2000).

▪ Women are more dependent on public transport than men

(GLTS 1981; Schmink 1982; Nairobi City Council 1984 and GLC 1985).

▪ Public bus carries -

✓ 72% of total passenger though vehicle share is only 11% in Dhaka

(RSTP, 2015).

✓ 1.9 million passenger trips per day (Mahmud and Haque,2008).

BACKGROUND

4

14

18

25

28

35

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1981 1991 1999 2002 2005 2010

PE

RC

EN

TA

GE

YEAR

2

Figure 1: Increasing Trend of Female

Participation in labor Force(Source: Shefali, 2000; Labor Force Survey,2010).

Selection of study areas:

Criteria Reason Source

1 Women using public bus

service

Areas with higher percentage of women using

public bus service in DMDP area.

DTCA (Dhaka Urban Transport

Network Development Study,

2012)

2 Major routes in Dhaka (

Route franchise)

Areas adjacent to the major routes which covers

the whole city.

(Rahman and Nahrin, 2012)

3 Volume of bus operating in

the route

Areas with high volume of public bus operating

on the road.

(RSTP, 2015)

DATA COLLECTION METHOD: Questionnaire survey (Intercept survey)

SAMPLING METHOD: Random sampling method

SAMPLE SIZE: At 95% confidence level and 5 confidence interval, sample size is 384.

Table 1: Study area selection criteria

3

STUDY AREA SELECTION:

Serial

Number

Study Areas (

High % of female

bus commuters)

Major routes covering

whole Dhaka

1 Jatrabari Jatrabari to Mirpur

2 Tejgaon Gulsan to Motijheel

3 Motijheel Mirpur to Motijheel

4 Azimpur (New

market Thana)

Uttara to Azimpur

5 Mohammadpur Satmasjid Road

Figure 2: Study areas with bus routes (Base

map source: DTCB, 2009)

Table 2: Selected study areas

SURVEY SPOTS

FARMGATE 4

DATA ANALYSIS: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

AGE:

• Average age = 27 years

• 15-25 (52%) and 26-35 (30%)

• Young women in New market (25%) and middle aged in Mohammadpur (14%)

OCCUPATION:

• 60% students

5

Occupation Jatrabari Mohammadpur Motijheel New market Tejgaon Total

Student 8 12 2 27 10 60

Home Making 3 3 1 3 3 13

Government Service 0 2 1 1 2 7

Private Service 3 7 2 2 1 15

Business 1 1 0 0 1 2

Unemployed 1 1 0 0 1 2

Other 0 1 0 0 0 1

Total 16 27 7 33 17 100

Table 3: Area wise occupation of the respondents

DATA ANALYSIS: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME

• 30,001 to 45,000 BDT (54%) and 45,001 to 60,000 BDT (22%)

• Only 6% below 15,000 BDT

• 30001 to 45000 BDT in New market (19%) and 45000 to 60000 BDT in Mohammadpur (8%).

24 4

3

1013

5

19

7

3

8

24

52 1 1 1

0

5

10

15

20

25

Jatrabari Mohammadpur Motijheel New market Tejgaon

% o

f th

e re

sponden

ts

Area

Below 15000 15001-30000 30001-45000 45001-60000 Above 60000

Figure 3: Area wise average monthly household income (in BDT) of the respondents

6

Average monthly household income

AVERAGE DAILY AND WEEKLY TRIP BY BUS

• 71% have on average two daily trips (Mohammadpur 20% and New market 19%)

• 39% respondents have 5 to 10 average weekly trip.

• Women in 30001-45000BDT (39%) and age limit 15-25 (36%) have average daily two trips.

• No significant relationship between the age and average weekly trip

DATA ANALYSIS: Travel pattern

7

DATA ANALYSIS: Travel pattern

Figure 4: Catchment area of the bus stoppage

ORIGIN OFTHE TRIP:

▪ 62% travels less than 0.5 km

▪ 69% travel on foot to reach the bus stop

Jatrabari

MotijheelAzimpur

Nabisco

MohammadpurFarmgate

Area

Distance traveled to reach the bus stop (km)

< 0.5 km 0.5km- 1.0 km 1.0 km-2.0 km >2.0 km

Jatrabari 11 4 1 1

Mohammadpur 11 8 5 5

Motijheel 5 1 0 1

New market 19 5 0 3

Tejgaon 15 3 1 0

Total (% of

respondents) 62 21 7 10

8

Table 4: Area wise distribution of the respondents by distance traveled

to reach bus stop from origin (in km)

DATA ANALYSIS: Travel pattern

Distance traveled Jatrabari Mohammadpur Motijheel New market Tejgaon Total

<0.5 km 0 0 0 1 1 2

0.5-2.0 km 0 1 0 2 1 4

2.0 km-4.0 km 1 2 0 7 7 17

4.0 km-7.0 km 7 16 2 8 8 42

7.0 km-10.0km 7 9 2 6 1 25

>10.0 km 2 1 1 5 1 9

DISTANCE TRAVELED

• On average women travel six km per day by bus ( daily trip).

• Young women (32% women who are in age limit 15-25 years) travels less than 7 km.

Table 5: Area wise distribution of the respondents according to distance traveled by bus (in %)

9

DATA ANALYSIS: Travel pattern

Travel time

by bus Jatrabari

Mohammad

pur Motijheel

New

market Tejgaon

Total

(in %)

<15 min 0 0 0 1 0 1

15-30 min 0 1 0 5 3 9

31min-1

hour 1 5 2 8 8 24

1-1.5 hour 4 14 3 7 3 30

>1.5 hour 11 7 3 12 4 36

0 1 0 1 2

8

15

3

119

5

10

1

13

53

1 0

5

10 03

1 1

0

5

10

15

20

Jatrabari Mohammadpur Motijheel New market Tejgaon% o

f re

spo

nd

ents

Area

Bus fare <5 5-10 11-20 21-30 >30

TRAVELTIME

• 36% have travel time more

than 1.5 hour (Jatrabari

11% and New market 12%).

• Travel time in

Mohammadpur (14%) is 1-

1.5 hour

BUS FARE:

• 5-10 BDT (46% )

• Significant relationship

between occupation and

bus fare

Table 6: Area wise distribution of the respondents according to travel time by bus

Figure 5: Area wise distribution of respondents according to bus fare

10

DATA ANALYSIS: Travel pattern

WAITINGTIME

• Average waiting time is 15 min.

• Starting point bus service has lower waiting time

than mid section of the route.

• Because of overcrowding or unavailability of seat,

waiting time is higher.

Waiting time (min) Jatrabari Mohammadpur Motijheel New market Tejgaon Total

<5 0 2 0 5 0 8

5-10 1 18 3 13 9 43

11-15 3 6 2 8 6 25

16-30 3 1 1 5 1 12

>30 10 0 0 0 1 12

Table 7: Area wise distribution of the respondents according to waiting time (in %)

11

Figure 6: Women are waiting in the bus stop

Source: Field survey, 2017

Figure 7: Desire line chart for New market

DATA ANALYSIS: Travel pattern 12

Table 8: Distribution of the respondents according to destination (in number)

DESTINATION OFTHE TRIP:

North-east side:Tejgaon, Uttora, Gulsan, Badda, Baridhara, Mohakhali etc

North-west side: Mirpur, Pollobi, Samoli, Kollayanpur,Mohammadpur etc

South-east side: Motijheel, Jatrabari, Basabo, Saydabad , Mogbajar, etc,

South-west side: Science lab, Nilkhet, New market, Hazaribag, City

college, Shahbag etc.

• Depth of the line shows the intensity of trip

Area North-East North- West South-east South-west

Tejgaon 12 44 6 3

Motijheel 10 10 6 3

New market 20 29 12 4

Jatrabari 5 21 4 75

Mohammadpur 60 12 13 10

New market

DATA ANALYSIS: Travel pattern 13

Desire line Chart (O-D Matrix for study areas)

Jatrabari Mohammadpur Motijheel Tejgaon

Purpose

Jatrabari Mohammadpur Motijheel New market Tejgaon

Dail

y

Wee

kly

Occasion

ally Daily Weekly

Occasion

ally Daily

Occasi

onally

Dail

y Weekly

Occasion

ally DailyWeek

ly

Occasio

nally

Job 7 0 0 35 0 3 11 0 16 0 1 11 1 0

Educati

on 12 3 4 29 0 5 0 0 53 3 8 24 3 0

Health

facilities 0 0 11 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 1

Visiting

other

relatives 0 2 4 0 1 7 0 4 0 0 8 0 0 9

DATA ANALYSIS: Travel pattern

TRIP PURPOSE AND FREQUENCY:

• Major trip purpose: Education (45%) and job (26%). Only 4% of the trips are for escorting child

• Frequency: Daily (65%) and occasionally (13% ). [ Significant relationship between frequency

and distance traveled ]

• New market (53 trip) daily trip for education, Mohammadpur (35 trips) daily trips for job purpose.

Table 9: Area wise distribution of the respondents according to trip purpose and frequency of the trip (No of respondent)

14

DATA ANALYSIS: Travel pattern

10

52

8 96

22

5

23

8

0

5

10

15

20

25

Jatrabari Mohammadpur Motijheel New market Tejgaon

% o

f re

spo

nd

ents

Areayes no

2 2 25

2 1 113

1

86

1 2 3 22 2 2

18

6

3

9

17

1

0

5

10

15

20

Jatrabari Mohammadpur Motijheel New market Tejgaon

% o

f r

epo

nd

ents

AreaRelationship

Parent Husband ChildOther family member Person from workplace FriendBrother

15

ACCOMPANY PATTERN

• 65% of women travel alone

(Mohammadpur 22%, New

market 23% )

• 58% of them travel with

friends (Jatrabari 18% and

Tejgaon 17%)

• Women in age limit 15-25

(22%) are travelling with other

for safety issues.

• 49% students are

accompanied by friends Figure 9: Area wise distribution of respondents according to relationship with

the person accompanied by

Figure 8: Area wise distribution of respondents according to accompany pattern

Accompanied by other

DATA ANALYSIS: Travel patternTable 10: Area wise distribution of respondents according to the time of trip (in %)

TIME OF TRIP

• 51% travels in the morning by bus.

• 40% travels at noon.

• Very few respondents use bus in evening and night because of safety issues.

• Significant relationship between frequency and time of trip. But, there is no significant relationship

between occupation and time of trip

Area Morning Noon Afternoon Evening Total

Jatrabari 8 9 0 0 18

Mohammadpur 16 10 2 0 28

Motijheel 6 1 0 0 8

New market 14 10 5 1 29

Tejgaon 7 10 0 0 17

Total (in %) 51 40 8 1 100

16

recommendation

• Increase the number of designated women seat and bus service for the bus routes having more

women public bus users.

• Provision of women only bus service for the bus routes having more female passengers

• The time schedule of the women only bus service should follow the travel pattern of women in the

area.

• Formulation of new policies and implementation of the policies should address the need and travel

pattern of women public bus users.

• Women friendly footpath and bus stoppage

17

REFERENCE

.

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