09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

1/12

`og; :>$:>72/x|ph$8>>7$>:88-

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

2/12

Xfugfs

Jdpbxo~ocfdgl ~ommvpjdp|; j pbxfjp po

flo|w|pfa |v|pjgdjhgmgpw?

\$ A$ Xbgd`+

Ajljvmjw Gd|pgpvpf- Lxjgcgfhvlimfx- Jhfx`ffd JH:6 2ZB- VI

^ommvpjdp|- gdlmv`gdc |wdpbfpgl oxcjdgl ajpfxgjm| jd` bfjuw afpjm|- jxf idosd po j`ufx|fmw jeeflp~bw|gomocgljm |w|pfa| gd jmm jdgajm |~flgf| |pv`gf` po `jpf$ Sbgmf ajdw gd`gug`vjm lbfagljm| ljd~fxpvxh doxajm evdlpgod|- pbf loahgdf` jlpgod| oe avmpg~mf ~ommvpjdp| jxf oe ~jxpglvmjx lodlfxdhfljv|f pbfw ljd frfxp feeflp| fufd sbfd fjlb gd`gug`vjm lbfagljm g| ~xf|fdp jp lodlfdpxjpgod|poo mos po hf gd`gug`vjmmw feeflpguf$ Pbf hgomocgljm feeflp| oe ~ommvpjdp| `geefx cxfjpmw hfpsffd |~flgf|

xfflpgdc `geefxfdlf| gd pbf ~jppfxd oe fr~o|vxf- xovpf| oe v~pjif- afpjhomg|a eommosgdc v~pjif-xjpf| oe jllvavmjpgod jd` |fd|gpgugpw oe pbf pjxcfp oxcjd|$ Pbv|- vd`fx|pjd`gdc oe pbf feeflp| oe ~om!

mvpjdp| od sgm`mgef jd` flo|w|pfa| sgmm xfzvgxf `fpjgmf` |pv`w oe ajdw `geefxfdp |~flgf|- xf~xf|fdpgdcj sg f xjdcf oe pjrj$ Bosfufx- |vlb |pv`gf| ljd hf gdeoxaf` hw idosmf`cf ohpjgdf` gd aoxflodpxommf` lod`gpgod| sbglb ajw gd gljpf mgifmw aflbjdg|a| oe jlpgod jd` |vgpjhmf fd`~ogdpafj|vxfafdp|$ Xf|~od|f| ajw hf frjlfxhjpf` hw gdpfxjlpgod| hfpsffd pbf feeflp| oe ~ommvpjdp|jd` fdugxodafdpjm |pxf||ox|- |vlb j| vd`fx!dvpxgpgod ox o|aopgl |pxf||f| jd` |o lbjdcf| gd |vlbujxgjhmf| j||olgjpf` sgpb lmgajpgl lbjdcf| ajw frjlfxhjpf ~bw|gomocgljm xf|~od|f| po ~ommvpjdphvx`fd|$

Ifwsox`|; fd`olxgdf!`g|xv~pgdc loa~ovd`|9 ~ommvpjdp|9 flo|w|pfa|9 |v|pjgdjhgmgpw

:$ GDPXO@VLPGOD

Jdpbxo~ocfdgl ~ommvpgod g| dop dfsbvajd| bjuflodpxghvpf po pbf fdugxodafdpjm hvx`fd |gdlf pbfw

mfjxdf` po lodpxom xf jd` |afmp afpjm|$ Bosfufx-pbf djpvxf jd` `g|pxghvpgod oe lodpjagdjdp| gd pbffdugxodafdp bj| lbjdcf` gd xflfdp bg|poxw j| dfs

loa~ovd`| bjuf hffd lxfjpf`$ Ao|p fjxmw jdpbxo~o!cfdgl ~ommvpgod sj| moljmg{f` jmpbovcb fjxmw afpjm|afmpgdc- fufd 8>>> wfjx| jco- xf|vmpf` gd bfag!|~bfxgl!|ljmf ~ommvpgod "Bodc fp jm $ :775'$ Pbfgd`v|pxgjm xfuomvpgod lodlfdpxjpf` ~fo~mf gd lgpgf|jd` xf|vmpf` gd gdlxfj|f` ~ommvpgod oe pbf jgx- j| jxf|vmp oe pbf hvxdgdc oe eo||gm evfm|- jd` oe xgufx|-

sgpb oxcjdgl ~ommvpjdp| gd pbf eoxa oe |fsjcf$ Pbf|fljv|f` `g|fj|f jd` gmmdf|| gd bvajd| jd` igmmf` |b

jd` opbfx sgm`mgef gd pbf xgufx| "Bjmmg`jw :7779 @jug|fp jm$ 8>>8'$Pbf xf`vlpgod gd pbf xjpf oe xfmfj|f gdpo ovx

fdugxodafdp oe idosd porgd|- pbxovcb v|f oega~xouf` |fsjcf ~xolf||gdc jd` Lmfjd Jgx Jlp|-

xovcbmw ~jxjmmfmf` pbf `fufmo~afdp oe loa~mfpfmwdoufm oxcjdgl |vh|pjdlf| pbjp sfxf v|f` gd pbf ajdv!ejlpvxf oe j bo|p oe ~xo`vlp| gdlmv gdc ~f|pglg`f|-~mj|pgl| jd` xf xfpjx`jdp| jd` pbf gdlxfj|f v|f oeeo||gm evfm| gd pxjd|~oxp jd` ~osfx cfdfxjpgod- xf|vmpgdcgd lbjdcf| gd pbf djpvxf oe pbf ~ommvpjdp hvx`fd$ Pbffdugxodafdp |ffaf` po hfloaf lmfjdfx hfljv|f pbf

dfs ~ommvpjdp| sfxf cfdfxjmmw gdug|ghmf- ~xf|fdp odmw

jp mos lodlfdpxjpgod|- jd` `g` dop frfxp jlvpf feeflp|od fr~o|f` jdgajm| ox bvajd|$ Dfs lbfagljm| oe

ajdw lmj||f|- gdlmv gdc bjmocfdjpf` oxcjdgl loa!~ovd`|- ~bpbjmjpf|- jmiwm ~bfdom| jd` ~omwlwlmgljxoajpgl bw`xoljxhod| "^JB|' sfxf ajdvejlpvxf`

eox v|f `oaf|pgljmmw jd` gd gd`v|pxw jd` jcxglvmpvxfjd` gdfugpjhmw sfxf xfmfj|f` gdpo pbf fdugxodafdp"Lomhoxd fp jm$ :77

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

3/12

jppxghvpjhmf po pbf ejlp pbjp ajdw F@L| jxf xfmjpgufmwgd|omvhmf gd sjpfx jd` |o ajdw oe pbf ~ommvpjdp| ~xf|!

fdp gd sjpfx jxf pbf aoxf sjpfx!|omvhmf |vh|pjdlf|-|vlb j| pbf |pfxog` boxaodf| j||olgjpf` sgpb pbfbvajd lodpxjlf~pguf ~gmm "Hosajd fp jm $ 8>>>3'$

8$ SBJP JXF PBFW- SBFXF JXF PBFW EXOA

JD@ SBW \BOVM@ SF HF LODLFXDF@?

Pbf `fdgpgod oe jdpbxo~ocfdgl ~ommvpjdp| g| dopfdpgxfmw lmfjx$ \oaf oxcjdgl ~ommvpjdp|- |vlb j| pbf^JB|- jxf `fxguf` ~xgajxgmw exoa pbf gdloa~mfpf loa!hv|pgod oe eo||gm evfm| hvp ljd jm|o xf|vmp exoa djpvxjmeoxf|p xf| "Wvdifx fp jm$ 8>>89 Ho|pxoa fp jm$ 8>>8'-sbgmf bfjuw afpjm ~ommvpjdp| |vlb j| mfj` jd` lo~~fx

jxf djpvxjmmw ollvxxgdc fmfafdp| hvp jxf lodlfdpxjpf`hw jxpglgjm afjd| |vlb j| pbxovcb |afmpgdc$ Od pbfopbfx bjd`- opbfx oxcjdgl loa~ovd`| |vlb j| ^LH|-^H@F| jd` ujxgov| oxcjdolbmoxgdf ~f|pglg`f| jxf |wd!pbfpgl loa~ovd`| hvp- gd loaaod sgpb pbf opbfxlmj||f| oe lbfagljm- bjuf pbf lj~jlgpw po ~fxpvxh fd`o!lxgdf evdlpgod$ Xflfdpmw- dgpxjpf| sbglb jxf loaaodmw

v|f` j| efxpgmg{fx|- bjuf hffd ga~mgljpf` gd pbf `g|xv~!pgod oe jdgajm ~bw|gomocw "F`sjx`| fp jm $ 8>>5'jmpbovcb pbfw jxf lbfagljmmw ufxw `geefxfdp exoa loa!

~ovd`| pbjp jxf doxajmmw oe lodlfxd$ Eox pbf ~vx~o|foe pbg| xfugfs- jmm pbf|f ljpfcoxgf| oe ~ommvpjdp| sgmm hflod|g`fxf` ajd!aj`f jd` sgmm hf moo|fmw lmj||f` j|fd`olxgdf `g|xv~pox|- jmpbovcb pbf aflbjdg|a| oejlpgod oe bfjuw afpjm| jxf exfzvfdpmw `geefxfdp exoa

pbo|f oe oxcjdgl ~ommvpjdp|$Pbf ajgd cxov~| oe oxcjdgl jd` afpjm ~ommvpjdp|-

|oaf oe pbfgx ifw ~xo~fxpgf|- aflbjdg|a| oe jlpgodjd` pbf |ovxlf| oe pbf|f loa~ovd | bjuf hffdxfugfsf` ~xfugov|mw "GFB :7779 Sgmigd|od fp jm $8>>>6- 8>>2'$ Hxgfw- ao|p oe pbf oxcjdgl~ommvpjdp| jxf bw`xo~bohgl jd` mg~o~bgmgl- jd` dfgpbfx

pbf oxcjdgl dox afpjm ~ommvpjdp| jxf xfj`gmw `fcxj`f`9

jllox`gdcmw- pbfw ljd jllvavmjpf gd jdgajm pg||vf|$Pbfxf pbfw ljd hf hgomocgljmmw jlpguf jp lodlfdpxjpgod|sfmm hfmos pbjp jp sbglb pbfw jxf porgl gd pbf lodufd!pgodjm |fd|f$ Ajdw `geefxfdp ~ommvpjdp| ljd jlpj``gpgufmw "Xjkj~ji|f fp jm$ 8>>89 Hxgjd fp jm$ 8>>69Ioxpfdija~ 8>>3'- |o pbjp hgomocgljm xf|~od|f| ajwhf gd`vlf` fufd sbfd pbf lodlfdpxjpgod| oe gd`gug`vjmlbfagljm| j~~fjx po hf poo mos po frfxp jd feeflp$

Jdgajm| jxf f|~flgjmmw |fd|gpguf jp fjxmw |pjcf| oe `fufm!o~afdp hvp |oaf feeflp| frfxpf` jp pbf|f |pjcf| ajw hffr~xf||f` odmw gd j`vmp mgef ox fufd gd |vh|fzvfdpcfdfxjpgod|$

Fr~o|vxf oe pjxcfp oxcjd| jd` pg||vf| "cvxf :'

`f~fd`| od pbf |~flgf| jd` j||olgjpf` bjhgpjp "pfxxf|!pxgjm- jzvjpgl- |ogm- |f`gafdp'- `gfp loa~o|gpgod- jcf

jd` |pjcf oe `fufmo~afdp "Xbgd` 8>>2'- j| sfmm j|pbf lbfagljm lmj|| jd` j||olgjpf` ~xo~fxpgf|$ Fr~o|vxfljd hf pbf xf|vmp oe v~pjif pbxovcb |igd- cgmm| ox mvdc|-

pbxovcb eoo` jd` `xgdi- jd` pbxovcb ajpfxdjm hmoo`"eofpv|' ox agmi "dfodjpf'$ Feeflp| oe fr~o|vxf pooxcjdgl jd` afpjm ~ommvpjdp| bjuf hffd xf~oxpf` eox

jdgajm| oe fufxw cxov~ |o ejx pf|pf - exoa hjlpfxgj"Eor 8>>0' po bvajd| "Po~~jxg fp jm$ :775' jd`ajdw ~bwmj gd hfpsffd "Lomhoxd fp jm$ :77>3'$ Pbf ~xflg|f djpvxf oepbf|f feeflp| `f~fd`| od pbf frpfdp po sbglb pbfw jxf

pjifd v~ hw pbf jdgajm| jd` pbfd od pbf frpfdp posbglb pbfw jxf `fcxj`f - frlxfpf` ox afpjhomg{f`

"cvxf :'9 fjlb oe pbf|f ejlpox| `f~fd`| od pbf gd`gu!g`vjm jdgajm |~flgf| jd` loa~ovd` lmj||$ Egdjmmw- pbfoufxjmm feeflp oe fr~o|vxf `f~fd | od pbf loahgdf`jlpgod| oe jmm oe pbf ~ommvpjdp| pocfpbfx jd` pbfgx gdpfx!jlpgod| sgpb opbfx |pxf||ox|$

Lodlfxd jhovp pbfgx feeflp| |pfa|- gd ~jxp- exoa jdjdpbxo~olfdpxgl ugfs~ogdp- g$f$ pbfxf g| lodlfxd jhovp

pbf xf~xo`vlpguf |vllf|| oe bvajd|- jp mfj|p gd pbf`fufmo~f` soxm "Fufx| 8>>8'- jd` |gcdgljdpaf`gljm xf|ovxlf| jxf `gxflpf` posjx`| pbf pxfjpafdpoe gdefxpgmgpw$ Bosfufx- jp j aoxf evd`jafdpjm mfufm-

|gdlf j sg`f xjdcf oe |~flgf| g| |v|lf~pghmf po pbf|floa~ovd`|- pbf ~opfdpgjm eox ajkox `g|xv~pgod oe flo!|w|pfa evdlpgod- jd` eox loa~xoag|gdc modc!pfxa|v|pjgdjhgmgpw- g| lod|g`fxjhmf$ @jajcf po pbf flo|w|!pfa| od sbglb jmm mgef `f~fd`| pbxfjpfd| dop odmw pbf

bjhgpjp

~ommvpjdp lmj||

~ommvpjdp lmj||

|~flgf| |~flgeglgpw

~ommvpjdp lmj||

|~flgf| |~flgeglgpw

|pxf||ox|

fdugxodafdpjm hvx`fd

^LHfpl$ jmiwm ~bfdom

^H@Ffpl$

bfjuw afpjm~bpbjmjpf

fpl$

fpl$^JB oxcjdolbmoxgdf

v~pjif hw jdgajm|

mg~o~bglgpw`gfp

fdugxodafdpjmlodlfdpxjpgod

|pjcf oe `fufmo~afdp

|pxvlpvxf/~fxafjhgmgpw oe |igd/

gdpfcvafdp

fr~o|vxf oe pjxcfp oxcjd

`fcxj`jpgod gd CG pxjlp

frlxfpgodafpjhomg|a

|fzvf|pxjpgod

feeglgfdlw oe jh|ox~pgod fpl$

xfmjpguf lodpxghvpgod| oe fjlb~ommvpjdp po ~bw|gomocgljm feeflp

: )8 < >$6 ):

)>$6 : 8

)< ):$6

8

fpl$ fpl$

~xf`jpox

|~flgf|

~xfw

|~flgf|

flo|w|pfa uvmdfxjhgmgpw

Egcvxf :$ \oaf `fpfxagdjdp| oe F@L v~pjif- pjxcfp oxcjd

fr~o|vxf jd` ~bw|gomocgljm xf|~od|f| oe jdgajm| jd` oefeeflp| od flo|w|pfa |v|pjgdjhgmgpw$

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

4/12

|vxugujm oe pbf bvajd xjlf hvp pbjp oe ajdw opbfx|~flgf|$ Feeflp| lovm hf `gxflp ge- gd frpxfaf lj|f|-

fr~o|vxf xf|vmpf` gd pbf `fjpb oe |oaf jdgajm| gdpbf ~o~vmjpgod ox xf`vlf` hxff`gdc |vllf||$ Gd`gxflp

feeflp| jxf jm|o ~o||ghmf ge- |jw- pbf xf`vlpgod ox mo||oe j ~xfw |~flgf| xf|vmpf` gd j xf`vlpgod gd eoo`|v~~mw$ Fgpbfx sjw- pbfxf g| jp mfj|p j pbfoxfpgljm xg|ipo flo|w|pfa bfjmpb jd`/ox |v|pjgdjhgmgpw$

wfjx| pbjp j

dvahfx oe |wdpbfpgl oxcjdgl loa~ovd | sbglb bjuf|~flgl lbfagljm |pxvlpvxf| lovm bjuf of|pxocfdglfeeflp|- jp mfj|p gd pbfoxw "@o``| % Mjs|od :7>:'-sbgmf fr~o|vxf po ~bpbjmjpf| gd`vlf` jmpfxjpgod| gdeofpjm jd` dfodjpjm jdjpoaw jd` pf|pg| sfgcbp gd

xjp| "Cxjw fp jm$ 8>>>'- jd` hg|~bfdom J jd` olpwm~bfdom `g|xv~pf` codj`opxo~bgd ~xomf| "Fujd| fp jm$

8>>0'$ Sbgmf avlb bj| hffd mfjxdf` jhovp hopb pbf~opfdpgjm feeflp| jd` pbf aflbjdg|a| oe jlpgod oe gd`g!ug`vjm loa~ovd`| exoa |vlb |pv`gf|- pbfw jxf v|vjmmwj ~oox xf~xf|fdpjpgod oe doxajm- xfjm!soxm` fr~o|vxfjd` jxf oepfd hj|f` od |gdcmf lbfagljm|- oepfd jp

ufxw bgcb lodlfdpxjpgod| jd` j~~mgf` eox |boxp ~fxgo`|$Gd ~xjlpglf- aj||guf fr~o|vxf| po |gdcmf ~ommvpjdp| gd

pbf djpvxjm fdugxodafdp jxf xjxf hvp modc!pfxafr~o|vxf po mos lodlfdpxjpgod| oe avmpg~mf oxcjdgljd` bfjuw afpjm lbfagljm| bj| hfloaf loaaod~mjlf-

j| gd`gljpf` hw xf~oxp| oe `fpflpjhmf lodlfdpxjpgod| oe|oaf oe pbf lmj||f| gd jgx "Mff fp jm$ 8>>09 Poddf fp jm$8>>0'- |ogm "\agpb :7759 Xbgd` fp jm$ 8>>6h' jd` sjpfx"GFB :777'$ Bosfufx- lodpxommf` |pv`gf| oe pbf feeflp|

oe fr~o|vxf| po pbf|f mos!lodlfdpxjpgod agrpvxf| jxfjm|o xjxf$ Sbgmf gp g| lmfjx pbjp ajdw ~ommvpjdp|jllvavmjpf gd ajdw sgm |~flgf| "GFB :7779 Mjsfp jm$ 8>>'

|fjcvmm "Mjxv| ljmgeoxdglv|' @@P efagdg{jpgod oe fahxwo| Exw % Poodf ":72:'

jmmgcjpox "Jmmgcjpox ag||g||g~~gfd|g|' `gloeom- @@P jhdoxajm pf|pf|- ~bjmmg jd`pf|po|pfxodf Cvgmmfppf fp jm$ ":770'

jpbfj` agddos "^gaf~bjmf|

~xoafmj|'

afpbwm afxlvxw fr~xf||god oe avmpg~mf

cfdf|

Imj~fx fp jm$ "8>>5'

`ocsbfmi "Dvlfmmj mj~gmmv|' pxghvpwmpgd ga~o|fr Cghh| % Hxwjd ":723'

ajww "Lmofod `g~pfxva' f|efdujmfxjpf xf`vlf` |vxugujm Hfifpou % Mgf|| "8>>6'

jddfmg`| porgl afpjm| |vxugujm jd` xf~xo`vlpguf

`fufmo~afdp

\~vxcfod fp jm$ ":770'

dfajpo`f| "Ljfdoxbjh`gpv| fmfcjd|' ajdw "gd`gug`vjmmw' xf`vlf` eflvd`gpw Bo|| % Sfmpkf "8>>3'

hjlpfxgj agrpvxf "|fsjcf |mv`cf' jmpfxf` loaavdgpgf| Ivdp{ fp jm$ "8>>2'

Xfugfs$ ^ommvpjdp| jd` |v|pjgdjhgmgpw \$ A$ Xbgd`

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

5/12

vd`fx|pjd`gdc oe hopb cfdfxjm jd` xf~xo`vlpguf ~bw|g!omocw$ Gd pbf ~xf|fdp lodpfrp pbfw bjuf hffd pbf

|vhkflp oe odf modc!pfxa |pv`w gduomugdc pbfgxfr~o|vxf po j agrpvxf oe F@L|- jp fdugxodafdpjm lod!lfdpxjpgod|- pbxovcb pbf j~~mgljpgod oe |fsjcf |mv`cfpo pbf |vxejlf oe pbfgx ~j|pvxf|$

0$ @OAF\PGL JDGAJM \PV@GF\; J LMVF

PO PBF PBXFJP PO SGM@MGEF

Gd pbg| |pv`w "Xbgd` fp jm$ 8>>6j-h'- |bff~ cxj{f`|mv`cf!pxfjpf ~j|pvxf|- ox lodpxom ~j|pvxf| pxfjpf`sgpb gdoxcjdgl efxpgmg{fx|- eox ~fxgo`| xjdcgdc exoa |fu!fxjm aodpb| po 6 wfjx|- sgpb pbxff!sffi sgpb`xjsjm~fxgo`| jepfx fjlb |mv`cf j~~mgljpgod$ \mv`cf g| idosdpo lodpjgd xfmjpgufmw mjxcf jaovdp| oe oxcjdgl jd`

bfjuw afpjm ~ommvpjdp| "\pfufd| fp jm$ 8>>>59 Cbjdfa fp jm $ 8>>3'- hfgdc `fxguf`exoa gd`v|pxgjm- jcxglvmpvxjm jd` `oaf|pgl |ovxlf|-jd` gp g| exfzvfdpmw j~~mgf` po mjd` j| j efxpgmg{fx jppbf xjpf| v|f` gd pbf|f |pv`gf|$ Pbg| fr~fxgafdpjmj~~xojlb fr~o|f| jdgajm| po j lolipjgm oe ~ommvpjdp|-|gagmjx po pbjp po sbglb bvajd| jd` opbfx jdgajm|

jxf mgifmw po hf fr~o|f`- jd` |fxuf| po fmvlg`jpf jdvahfx oe ga~oxpjdp efjpvxf| lodlfxdgdc pbfgxjllvavmjpgod jd` feeflp|$ Pbf |bff~ jxf |vhkflp po jxfjm!soxm` fr~o|vxf po pbf ~ommvpjdp|- g$f$ po fdugxod!afdpjm "mos' lodlfdpxjpgod| oe avmpg~mf ~ommvpjdp|-pbxovcb ~bw|gomocgljm xovpf| jd` jp jmm |pjcf| oe pbfmgef lwlmf$

Gd pbg| |pv`w- pbf psglf wfjxmw j~~mgljpgod oe |mv`cf popbf ~j|pvxf| xf|vmpf gd odmw agdgajm gdlxfj|f| gdfdugxodafdpjm "|ogm' lodlfdpxjpgod| oe pbf oxcjdgl

~ommvpjdp| ~bpbjmjpf jd` jmiwm ~bfdom "Xbgd` fp jm$8>>8' jd` ujxgjhmf hvp cfdfxjmmw |ajmm gdlxfj|f| gd^JB|- ^LH jd` ^H@F "\$ A$ Xbgd`- L$ F$ Iwmf-L$ Ajligf % M$ Ajl`odjm`- vd~vhmg|bf` oh|fxujpgod|'jd` bfjuw afpjm| "Xbgd` fpjm$ 8>>6h'- xfmjpguf po lodlfd!

pxjpgod| eovd` gd ~j|pvxf| pxfjpf` sgpb gdoxcjdglefxpgmg{fx$ Pbf|f xf|vmp| jcxff sgpb j xfugfs oe fjxmgfx

oh|fxujpgod| hw \agpb ":775' sbo xf~oxpf` pbjp fufdfrpxfafmw bgcb xjpf| oe j~~mgljpgod xf|vmpf` gd gdlxfj|f|gd |ogm lodlfdpxjpgod| oe dop aoxf pbjd j efs eom`$

\pv`gf| oe pg||vf lodlfdpxjpgod| oe jdgajm| cxj{gdc|mv`cf!pxfjpf ~j|pvxf| jm|o gd`gljpf pbjp pg||vf lod!

lfdpxjpgod| jxf odmw |mgcbpmw gdlxfj|f` eommosgdc

fr~o|vxf- ge jp jmm "Xbgd` fp jm$ 8>>6j-h- 8>>7'$ Bos!fufx- pbf|f |ajmm gdlxfj|f| |bovm` hf lod|g`fxf`jcjgd|p pbf hjlicxovd` oe idosd frpxfaf ujxgjhgmgpwgd xjpf| oe pg||vf jllvavmjpgod gd jdgajm pg||vf|-fufd gd jdgajm| |vhkflp po pbf |jaf mfufm| oe ~ommvpjdpfr~o|vxf "Xbgd` 8>>2'$ Dopsgpb|pjd`gdc pbf g||vf oeujxgjdlf- j |v~fxlgjm lod|g fxjpgod oe pbf|f oh|fx!ujpgod| agcbp |vccf|p pbjp fr~o|vxf oe jdgajm| po

avmpg~mf ~ommvpjdp|- dodf oe sbglb sj| ~xf|fdp jplodlfdpxjpgod| sgpbgd pbf xjdcf idosd po gd`vlfhgomocgljm feeflp|- sj| vdmgifmw po hf oe jdw hgomocgljmlod|fzvfdlf$

Gd ejlp- `f|~gpf pbf mos mfufm fr~o|vxf jd` j~~jx!

fdpmw mos pg||vf lodlfdpxjpgod|- gduf|pgcjpgod| oe pbfvd fxmwgdc ~bw|gomocw oe |mv`cf!fr~o|f` jdgajm|

|bosf` pbjp |gcdgljdp feeflp| ollvxxf $ Loa~jxf`sgpb lodpxom jdgajm| ajgdpjgdf` od fm | efxpgmg{f`sgpb gdoxcjdgl efxpgmg{fx lodpjgdgdc agdgajm jaovdp|

oe ~ommvpjdp|- fr~o|vxf po pbf avmpg~mf ~ommvpjdp| gd|mv`cf bj` mgagpf` feeflp| od |oaf ~jxjafpfx| j||olg!jpf` sgpb j`vmp xf~xo`vlpguf ~bw|gomocw- f$c$ jmpfxf`xjpf| oe bw~opbjmjagl~gpvgpjxw fr~xf||god oe cjmjdgdxflf~pox| "Sbgpfmjs fp jm$ 8>>3' jd` ~fxpvxhf` aja!

ajxw `fufmo~afdp "Eosmfx fp jm$ 8>>3'$ Bosfufx- oeavlb cxfjpfx ~opfdpgjm lodlfxd jxf lbjdcf| xf~oxpf`

gd |fufxjm eofpjm oxcjd|$ \~flgljmmw- pbf pf|pf| oe eof!pv|f| gd fsf| fr~o|f` `vxgdc cf|pjpgod frbghgpf`efsfx Mfw`gc lfmm| "pbf |ovxlf oe pf|po|pfxodf' jd`\fxpomg lfmm| "f||fdpgjm eox cfxa lfmm `fufmo~afdp'jd` mosfx hmoo` lodlfdpxjpgod| oe pbf boxaodf| pf|!po|pfxodf jd` gdbghgd "^jvm fp jm$ 8>>6'$ Xf~oxpf`feeflp| oe fr~o|vxf od pbf eofpjm oujxw gdlmv`f` j

xf`vlpgod gd oolwpf `fd|gpw jd` jd jmpfxf` hjmjdlf oe~xo! jd` jdpg!j~o~popgl ~xopfgd| "HJR jd` HLM8'posjx`| j~o~po|g| "g$f$ pbfxf sj| jd gdlxfj|f` ~xo~fd!|gpw eox ~xocxjaaf` lfmm `fjpb' "Eosmfx fp jm$ 8>>2'$Pbfxf sj| fug`fdlf oe hopb v~! jd` `osd!xfcvmjpgodoe pbf fr~xf||god oe mjxcf dvahfx| oe ~xopfgd| gduomuf`gd cfdf fr~xf||god/pxjd|lxg~pgod jd` oe lbjdcf| gd

~xopfgd |wdpbf|g|- ~bo|~boxwmjpgod jd` xflf~poxjlpgugpw gd pbf eofpjm oujxgf| oe fr~o|f` jdgajm|"Eosmfx fp jm$ 8>>2'$ Lbjdcf| gd eofpjm dfvxofd`olxgdf`fufmo~afdp sfxf jm|o g`fdpgf` pbjp lovm` ~opfdpgjmmwaf`gjpf mjpfx feeflp| od xf~xo`vlpguf `fufmo~afdp jd`

evdlpgod$ Pbf eofpv|f| oe |mv`cf!fr~o|f` fsf| sfxf|bosd po bjuf xf`vlf` bw~opbjmjagl fr~xf||god oecjmjdgd "j dfvxo~f~pg`f gduomuf` gd pbf xfcvmjpgod oeeoo` gdpjif- afpjhomg|a jd` xf~xo`vlpgod'- CdXB"pbf hxjgd boxaodf pbjp `xguf| codj` evdlpgod' jd`

cjmjdgd jd` CdXB xflf~pox aXDJ "Sbgpfmjs fp jm$8>>3'- jd` xf`vlf` bw~opbjmjagl jd` ~gpvgpjxw

fr~xf||god oe pbf IG\\!: cfdf pbjp xfcvmjpf| CdXBdfvxodjm evdlpgod jd` ~vhfxpw "Hfmmgdcbja fp jm $8>>7'$ Pbf|f oh|fxujpgod| gd`gljpf pbjp j dvahfx oeevd jafdpjm ~bw|gomocgljm ~xolf||f| sfxf `g|xv~pf`gd pbf eofpv|$ Evxpbfxaoxf- pbf j`vmp efajmf oee|~xgdcoe fsf| fr~o|f` `vxgdc cf|pjpgod jd` mjlpjpgod frbgh!gpf` j mosfx ~xo~oxpgod oe bfjmpbw ~xgaox`gjm eommglmf|pbjd pbo|f `fxguf` exoa lodpxom jdgajm| "Jaf{jcjfp jm $ 8>>2'$ J`vmp ajmf oee|~xgdc jm|o frbghgpf`lbjdcf| gd hfbjugovx eommosgdc fr~o|vxf sbglb sfxflod|g|pfdp sgpb `faj|lvmgdg{gdc feeflp| oe F@Lfr~o|vxf "Fxbjx` % Xbgd` 8>>0'$ Bosfufx- gd lod!pxj|p po pbf oh|fxujpgod oe `g|xv~pf` `fufmo~afdp gd

pbf eofpjm pf|pg| " jvm fp jm$ 8>>6'- |pv gf| oe pbf|~fxa lovdp| gd j`vmp ajmf `oaf|pgl jdgajm| "\fplbfmm

:773' jd` opbfx |~fxa zvjmgpgf| "C$ H$ Hof!Bjd|fd-B$ C$ ^f`fx|fd- L$ F$ Iwmf- G$ H$ Hofcb % \$ A$Xbgd`- vd~vhmg|bf` oh|fxujpgod|' bjuf dop xfufjmf`jdw jhdoxajmgpgf|$

Lommflpgufmw- pbf|f xf|vmp| gd`gljpf pbjp ~xomodcf`mos!mfufm fr~o|vxf po j lolipjgm oe ~ommvpjdp| ljd ~fx!pvxh avmpg~mf ~bw|gomocgljm |w|pfa| `gxflpmw xfmjpf` po

xf~xo`vlpguf evdlpgod fufd pbovcb pbf djm pg||vf lod!lfdpxjpgod| oe pbf ~ommvpjdp| jxf dop lod|g|pfdpmw bgcbfxpbjd hjlicxovd` mfufm|$ Evxpbfxaoxf- pbfw |v~~oxp~xfugov| oh|fxujpgod| sbglb gd`gljpf` pbjp pbf `fufm!

o~afdpjm |pjcf| sfxf ~jxpglvmjxmw |fd|gpguf po F@Lfr~o|vxf jd` pbjp pbf feeflp| frfxpf` od pbf eofpv|lovm` hf fr~xf||f` gd j`vmp mgef "f$c$ xf vlf` ~xo~oxpgod

oe bfjmpbw oujxgjd eommglmf|'$ Pbfxf g| fug`fdlf exoa xjp|pv gf| pbjp ~fxpvxhjpgod| oe loa~odfdp| oe pbf

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

6/12

xf~xo`vlpguf |w|pfa gd`vlf` gd odf cfdfxjpgod hw F@Lfr~o|vxf ljd hf fr~xf||f` jp mfj|p v~ po pbf E0 cfdfx!

jpgod- fufd gd pbf jh|fdlf oe jdw evxpbfx fr~o|vxf"Jdsjw % \igddfx 8>>59 Lxfs| fp jm$ 8>>39 F`sjx`| %Awfx| 8>>3'$ \vlb pxjd|cfdfxjpgodjm f~gcfdfpgl feeflp|oe F@L fr~o|vxf jxf wfp po hf `faod|pxjpf` aoxfsg`fmw jd` pbf frpfdp po sbglb pbfw ollvx g| mgifmw po`f~fd` od pbf lbfagljm- jdgajm |~flgf| jd` ~bw|gomocg!ljm |w|pfa gduomuf`$ Avlb aoxf soxi g| dff f` od

pbg| po~gl po f|pjhmg|b pbf gdlg`fdlf oe |vlb ~opfdpgjmmwga~oxpjdp pxjd|cfdfxjpgodjm feeflp|$

Sbgmf avlb oe pbf idosmf`cf oe pbf feeflp| oe F@L|jd` pbfgx aflbjdg|a| oe jlpgod g| `fxguf` exoa |pv`gf|od `oaf|pgl jd` mjhoxjpoxw |~flgf|- pbf ~xgdlg~mf|`fxguf` exoa pbf|f |pv`gf| ljd hf j~~mgf` po sgm`mgef$Pbf|f |pv`gf|- pocfpbfx sgpb ajdw opbfx| gd j ujxgfpw oe

|~flgf|- |bos pbjp pbfxf g| ~opfdpgjm eox xf~xo`vlpguf |vl!lf|| po hf loa~xoag|f` dop odmw hw `gxflp feeflp| oe~ommvpjdp| od pbf bw~opbjmjagl~gpvgpjxwcodj`jm jrg|hvp jm|o hw j`ufx|fmw jeeflpgdc pbf bfjmpb |pjpv| oe pbfgd`gug`vjm$ Eox frja~mf- F@L| jxf idosd po bjuf pbf~opfdpgjm po ~fxpvxh ~xolf||f| j| `gufx|f j| gaavdfevdlpgod "Ugdf fp jm$ 8>>>9 Ajxiajd fp jm$ 8>>2'- hodf

|pxvlpvxf "Mgd` fp jm$ 8>>>0j9 Eor fp jm$ 8>>29Bfxa|fd fp jm$ 8>>2'- pbwxog` evdlpgod "Bjd|fd :7729Mjdcfx fp jm$ :772'- ohf|ocfdgl |w|pfa| "Cxvd fp jm$

8>>59 Dfshom` fp jm$ 8>>3'- ajaajxw |pxvlpvxf jd`evdlpgod "Efdpod 8>>59 Aoxjm fp jm$ 8>>2'- ljx`gouj|lv!mjx evdlpgod "Mgd` fp jm$ 8>>0h9 Bj fp jm$ 8>>3' jd` |olgjmjd` opbfx hfbjugovx| "Lmopefmpfx fp jm$ 8>>09 Ajxiajdfp jm$ 8>>2'$ ^fxpvxhjpgod oe jdw odf oe pbf|f |w|pfa|bj| pbf ~opfdpgjm po j ufx|fmw jeeflp jd jdgajm|xf~xo`vlpguf |vllf|| jd` loa~fpgpgufdf||- jd` pbfxfeoxf

pbf ~opfdpgjm ugjhgmgpwoe pbf ~o~vmjpgod$ Gd bvajd|- gp bj|hffd |vccf|pf` pbjp F@L lovm` hf ga~mgljpf` gd~xolf||f| xjdcgdc exoa pbf gdlxfj|f` gdlg fdlf oehxfj|p ljdlfx "Ioxpfdija~ 8>>5' jd` j ujxgfpw oe ajmfxf~xo`vlpguf feeflp| "\bjx~f % \ijiifhjfi 8>>2' poafpjhomgl `g|pvxhjdlf| "|ff bpp~;//kaf$fd`olxgdomocw!kovxdjm|$oxc/lcg/lodpfdp/jh|pxjlp/KAF!>2!>:>69 Eosmfx fp jm$ 8>>2'- sovm` dop hf`fpflpf`- cfdfxjmmw- gd lodufdpgodjm hxff`gdc |w|pfa|$

Gp g| pbfxfeoxf mgifmw pbjp |gagmjx |vhpmf feeflp| jxfhfgdc gd`vlf` gd |oaf sgm`mgef |~flgf| j| j xf|vmp oefr~o|vxf po ~ommvpjdp| jd` pbjp pbfw xfajgd vd f!pflpf $ Gd ff - ujxgov| ~bw|gomocgljm lbjdcf| bjufhffd xf~oxpf` gd |oaf oe pbf efs sgm`mgef |~flgf| pbjpbjuf hffd |pv`gf eommosgdc fr~o|vxf po xfmjpgufmwmjxcf lbfagljm gd|vmp| "Ejhfx % Bglifw :73

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

7/12

Bosfufx- sbgmf pbf cmohjm bvajd ~o~vmjpgod lod!pgdvf| po cxos- fug`fdlf oe ~o||ghmf feeflp| oe F@L|

od bvajd efxpgmgpw g| hfcgddgdc po jllvavmjpf$ Pbg|ajw xfflp pbf lod|pjdp fr~o|vxf po j sg`f ujxgfpw oe~ommvpjdp| pbxovcb lodpjagdjpf` jgx "Mff fp jm$ 8>>09Poddf fp jm$ 8>>0' jd` eoo` "Dox|pxoa 8>>8'$ Pbfga~oxpjdlf oe F@L| sgpb xf|~flp po `flmgdgdc |~fxalovdp| gd bvajd| g| `fhjpf` "\bjx~f fp jm$ :7769 `fIxfp|fx :772'- hvp gp g| hfloagdc lmfjx pbjp bvajd

|~fxa zvjmgpw jd` efxpgmgpw jxf `flmgdgdc- jp mfj|p gd|oaf xfcgod| "Dox`|pxoa Kofd|fd fp jm$ 8>>7'- sbgmfjd gdlxfj|f` gdlg fdlf oe pf|pglvmjx `w|cfdf|g| |wd!`xoaf "\bjx~f % \ijifhjfi 8>>2'- ~xfajpvxfafdo~jv|f jd` xf`vlf` efajmf efxpgmgpw "\bjxjxjfp jm$ :7729 Bxv|ij fp jm$ 8>>>' bjuf hffd xf~oxpf`$Vd`fx|pjd`gdc pbf xomf oe F@L| gd |vlb bvajd lod!

`gpgod| xfajgd| j `g|pjdp ohkflpguf j| gp `f~fd`| od jljxfevmmw hjmjdlf` gdpfx~xfpjpgod oe f~g`fagomocgljm`jpj exoa bvajd| fr~o|f` po avmpg~mf ~ommvpjdp|jd` lodpxommf` fr~fxgafdpjm |pv gf| gd jdgajmao`fm|$ Gd xfmjpgod po pbf xfjm soxm`- pbf xf|vmp|ohpjgdf` sgpb |mv`cf!fr~o|f` |bff~ xfflp xf|~od|f|gd sfmm!dovxg|bf`- vd|pxf||f` jdgajm|- hvp sgm mgef

|~flgf| jxf exfzvfdpmw |vhkflp po j``gpgodjm fdugxod!afdpjm gd|vmp| jd` |pxf||ox| pbjp jxf idosd pogdpfxjlp j ufx|fmw sgpb ~ommvpjdp hvx`fd|$ Eox

frja~mf- vd`fx!dvpxgpgod bj| hffd |bosd po xf|vmp gdgdlxfj|f` mgufx lodlfdpxjpgod| oe ~ommvpjdp| gd |oafhgx` |~flgf| "Sgfdhvxc % \boxf 8>>0'9 pbg| ajwxfflp jd gdlxfj|f` aohgmg{jpgod oe ejp `f~op| jd`

j||olgjpf` xfmfj|f oe |poxf` F@L| sbglb ajw pbfdjeeflp pbf evdlpgod oe opbfx |w|pfa|$ Gd |b- pomfxjdlfpo |jmgdgpw ljd hf loa~xoag|f` hw F@L fr~o|vxf

"AlLoxagli fp jm$ 8>>6'- ajigdc pbfa aoxf |v|lf~!pghmf po o|aopgl |pxf||f|$ Gp |ffa| mgifmw pbjp opbfx|pxf||ox|- gdlmv gdc |olgjm |pxf||ox| gd cxov~!mgugdc|~flgf|- ajw gd`vlf fd`olxgdf- afpjhomgl jd` ~bw|go!mocgljm xf|~od|f| pbjp ajw jm|o gdpfxjlp sgpb ~ommvpjdphvx`fd| po jeeflp jdgajm bfjmpb jd` ~xo`vlpgugpw$ \vlbfeeflp| oe |pxf||ox| jxf dop loddf` po ufxpfhxjpf|$ Eox

frja~mf- `xovcbp ljd loa~xoag|f |vxugujm gd |ogm!mgugdc lommfahomjd| fr~o|f` po ~ommvpjdp| "Boma|pxv~:773' jd` eoo` xf|pxglpgod gdpfxjlp| j`ufx|fmw sgpb ~om!mvpjdp| gd ajww mjxujf "Hfifpou % Mgf|| 8>>6'- sbgmfpfa~fxjpvxf frpxfaf| jeeflp ~bw|gomocgljm xf|~od|f| polo~~fx lodpjagdjpgod gd |boxf lxjh| "Ljav| fp jm$

8>>0'$ Pbv|- ge pbf xg|i| j||olgjpf` sgpb fr~o|vxf po~ommvpjdp| jxf po hf ~xo~fxmw j||f||f`- gp g| f||fdpgjmpbjp pbfgx jlpgod| jxf lod|g`fxf` gd lodkvdlpgod sgpbpbf feeflp| oe j``gpgodjm ~bw|gomocgljm |pxf||ox|$

Gdpfxf|pgdcmw- sbgmf j loahgdjpgod oe fdugxodafdpjm|pxf||ox| ox gd|vmp| agcbp hf fr~flpf` po bjuf vdg!eoxamw j`ufx|f feeflp|- pbg| g| dop dflf||jxgmw pbflj|f$ Eox frja~mf- sbgmf fr~o|vxf po ~ommvpjdp| ljd

|v~~xf|| gaavdf jlpgugpw jd` pbv| gdlxfj|f ~jxj|gpfhvx`fd "\vxf| 8>>5' jd` pbfxfeoxf xf`vlf jd jdgajm|bfjmpb |pjpv|- aoxf ejuovxjhmf ovploaf| jxf jm|o ~o||!ghmf hfljv|f |oaf ~jxj|gpf| ljd ao gew ~bw|gomocw|vlb pbjp pg||vf hvx`fd| oe bfjuw afpjm| jxf xf`vlf`

"\vxf| 8>>5'$ Gp g| jm|o dopfsoxpbw pbjp |oaf ~jxj|gpf|oe |~flgf| j| `gufx|f j| |b jd` aommv|l| bjuf pbf

lj~jlgpw po frfxp jd fd`olxgdf!`g|xv~pgdc feeflp- vdxf!mjpf` po fdugxodafdpjm ~ommvpjdp|- sbglb ljv|f||v~~xf||god oe codj` `fufmo~afdp "Aoxmfw 8>>59

\vxf| 8>>5'$ Lmfjxmw- pbg| bj| ga~mgljpgod| eox |pv`gf|oe pbf feeflp| oe fr~o|vxf po fdugxodafdpjm F@L||gdlf pbfxf ajw hf loaaodjmgpw oe aflbjdg|a- jd`pbfxfeoxf ~jxj|gpf hvx`fd ajw lodeovd` feeflp|oe F@L|$

Lommflpgufmw- pbf|f oh|fxujpgod| gd`gljpf pbjp pbffeeflp| oe ~ommvpjdp| jxf `f~fd`fdp- gd ~jxp- od pbf

jlpgod| oe opbfx fdugxodafdpjm |pxf||ox|$ Jdw lbjdcfgd pbf fdugxodafdp gd pbf eoxa oe gdlxfj|f` ox xf`vlf`jgx- sjpfx ox |ogm pfa~fxjpvxf|- jmpfxf` xjgdejmm/bvag`!gpw ox |ogm sjpfxmoccgdc/`xwgdc ox j||olgjpf` lbjdcf| gd~mjdp cxospb ox ~xf jpox ox ~xfw ~o~vmjpgod|- jmm oesbglb agcbp hf fr~flpf` j| j xf|vmp oe lmgajpflbjdcf- bj| pbf ~opfdpgjm po frfxp dfs |pxf||f| od gd`g!

ug`vjm jdgajm| ox od ~o~vmjpgod| jd` flo|w|pfa|"cvxf :'$ Jdgajm| mgugdc dfjx po pbf mgagp| oe pbfgxdjpvxjm xjdcf- jd` pbfxfeoxf jp pbf frpxfaf| oepbfgx ~bw|gomocgljm pomfxjdlf|- ajw hf f|~flgjmmwuvmdfxjhmf po |vlb gdvfdlf|- jd` mo|| oe |vlb |~flgf|ajw jmmos gduj|god hw dfs |~flgf|- sgpb ~opfdpgjmlod|fzvfdlf| eox flo|w|pfa |v|pjgdjhgmgpw "\lbgf`fifp jm$ 8>>3'$

Gp g| ga~oxpjdp po xflocdg{f pbjp lbjdcf| gd bvajdjlpgugpgf| ox lmgajpf ljd jm|o jmpfx pbf djpvxf oe pbfgd|vmp| pbxovcb lbjdcf| gd pbf ~jppfxd| oe ajdvejl!pvxf jd` v|f oe |~flgl F@L|$ Eox frja~mf-lbjdcgdc lmgajpgl lod`gpgod| ajw jmpfx pbf xfzvgxfafdp|eox F@L!lodpjgdgdc ~xo`vlp| gd jcxglvmpvxf- gd`v|pxwjd` ~fx|odjm v|f "f$c$ ~f|pglg`f|- evdcglg`f| jd`|vd|lxffd|' sgpb j||olgjpf lbjdcf| gd pbf gd~vp| oe|vlb loa~ovd`| gdpo pbf fdugxodafdp "\lbgf`fi fp jm$

8>>3'$

3$ SBGLB \^FLGF\ JD@ FLO\W\PFA\ AJW HF

AO\P UVMDFXJHMF?

Gp sovm j~~fjx exoa |oaf oe pbf fjxmw |pv gf| oefeeflp| oe ~ommvpjdp|- jd` ~jxpglvmjxmw F@L|- pbjp pbf

ao|p uvmdfxjhmf |~flgf| oe jdgajm| jxf pbo|f dfjx pbfpo~ oe pbf eoo` lbjgd sbglb pfd` po jllvavmjpf ~jx!pglvmjxmw bgcb lodlfdpxjpgod| oe ~ommvpjdp| osgdc po

pbf feeflp| oe hgoajcdgljpgod- f$c$ hgx | oe ~xfw"Djfxp fp jm$ 8>>3' jd` jmmgcjpox| "Cvgmmfppf fp jm$:770'$ Od pbf opbfx bjd`- pbf |pv`gf| oe |bff~ |vccf|ppbjp fufd |~flgf| mos gd pbf eoo` lbjgd ljd jllvavmjpfmgagpf` jaovdp| oe ~ommvpjdp| jd` jxf |v|lf~pghmf po

pbfgx feeflp|$ Sbgmf pbfxf bjuf hffd efs |pv gf| pbjpmgdi fr~o|vxf- jllvavmjpgod jd` hgomocgljm feeflp| gd

gdufxpfhxjpf |~flgf|- gp g| lmfjx pbjp pg||vf jllvavmjpgodoe ajdw lmj||f| oe ~ommvpjdp| ollvx| gd ajdw|~flgf| gdlmv`gdc ujxgov| jzvjpgl gd|flp| "Ioujp| %Lghoxos|ig :7279 Loxiva fp jm$ :773'- fjxpbsoxa|"Ajxiajd fp jm $- 8>>3'- ja~bg~o` lxv|pjlfjd|"Mjd`xva fp jm$ 8>>:' jd` aommv|l| "Ajxiglb fp jm$8>>8'$ Gd j``gpgod po jdw `gxflp feeflp| oe mos mfufm|

oe avmpg~mf ~ommvpjdp| od pbf|f |~flgf|- hopb jzvjpgljd` pfxxf|pxgjm ~xf`jpox| pbjp eff od |vlb |~flgf|sgmm hf fr~o|f` po mfufm| cxfjpfx pbjd pbo|f ~xf|fdp gdpbf fdugxodafdp pbxovcb pbfgx lod|va~pgod oe pbf

lodpjagdjpf` ~xfw$Pbf xfmjpguf uvmdfxjhgmgpw oe flo|w|pfa| po ~ommvpjdpfr~o|vxf g| `gelvmp po j||f||$ Sbgmf pbfxf j~~fjx| po

hf j ~o|gpguf xfmjpgod|bg~ hfpsffd |~flgf| `gufx|gpwjd` flo|w|pfa |pjhgmgpw- opbfx ejlpox| jm|o jeeflp

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

8/12

|pjhgmgpw "Guf| % Ljx~fdpfx 8>>3' jd` |o gp g| dop ~o||!ghmf po lodlmv`f pbjp |ga~mfx flo|w|pfa| "efsfx

|~flgf|9 mf|| loa~mfr eoo` sfh|' |vlb j| pbo|f oe pbfJxlpgl jd` Jdpjxlpgl xfcgod| jxf f|~flgjmmw uvmdfxjhmf$Dfufxpbfmf||- ajdw oxcjdgl ~ommvpjdp|- gd ~jxpglvmjx-jllvavmjpf gd pbf eoo` lbjgd| gd pbf|f xfcgod|$

Pbv|- gp g| |vccf|pf` pbjp |vlb flo|w|pfa| ajw hfpbf x|p po |bos |gcd| oe gd|pjhgmgpw j| j xf|vmp oegdlxfj|f` ~ommvpjdp hvx`fd jd` ~jxpglvmjxmw ge lbjdcf|

gd lmgajpf xf|vmp gd j``gpgodjm |pxf||ox| od |vlb |~flgf|$Pbf flo|w|pfa| oe pbf ~omjx xfcgod| ajw hf ~jxpglv!

mjxmw uvmdfxjhmf po lmgajpgl lbjdcf|- dop odmw hfljv|foe pbf xfmjpguf |ga~mglgpw oe pbf flo|w|pfa| hvp jm|ohfljv|f oe pbf jmhf`o feeflp "j| pbf glf afmp|- aoxfbfjp g| jh|oxhf` jd` |pgmm aoxf glf afmp| ljv|gdcevxpbfx gdlxfj|f| gd pfa~fxjpvxf'$ Pbv|- ~jxpglvmjxmw

xj~g` gdlxfj|f| gd pfa~fxjpvxf jd` j||olgjpf` feeflp|od ~ommvpjdp jujgmjhgmgpw jd` jlpgod- loahgdf` sgpb

bgcb ~ommvpjdp hvx`fd| ajw ajif gp ~jxpglvmjxmw `ge!

lvmp eox gd`gug`vjm |~flgf| po j`j~p po pbf lbjdcf|$Gd pbf lj|f oe pbf mjxcfx |~flgf|- pbf|f feeflp| ajw hfevxpbfx loa~ovd`f` hw j``gpgodjm ejlpox| |vlb j|bvdpgdc ~xf||vxf jd`/ox bjhgpjp mo||$

Gp g| lodlmv`f` pbjp |gdlf ajdw evd`jafdpjm ~bw|!gomocgljm |w|pfa| ljd hf ~fxpvxhf` hw ufxw mos mfufm|

oe oxcjdgl jd` bfjuw afpjm ~ommvpjdp|- ~jxpglvmjxmwsbfd jlpgdc gd loahgdjpgod- jmm |~flgf| jd` flo|w|!pfa| ajw hf uvmdfxjhmf po pbfgx feeflp|$ Avlb hj|glsoxi g| xfzvgxf` po lbjxjlpfxg{f pbf xg|i| evmmw- jd`fufd aoxf g| dff`f` po hfcgd po xf|omuf pbf ~xohmfa|jmxfj`w g`fdpgf`$

2$ SBJP \BOVM@ HF @ODF?

Pbf zvf|pgod Sbjp `o sf `o jhovp gp? g| exfzvfdpmw

~o|f` gd `g|lv||god| jhovp fd`olxgdf `g|xv~pox| hvp-|gdlf idosmf`cf oe pbfa g| |o gdloa~mfpf- pbf

jd|sfx g| gdfugpjhmw loa~mfr$ G`fdpgljpgod oe

pbf ~xohmfa oe fdugxodafdpjm ~ommvpjdp| gd xfmjpgodpo fdugxodafdpjm |v|pjgdjhgmgpw g| xfmjpgufmw fj|w$Vd`fx|pjd`gdc gp g| avlb aoxf `gelvmp hfljv|f oepbf ajdw- gdpfx!xfmjpf` ejlfp| j``xf||f` jhouf- gdlmv`!gdc pbf xjpf| jd` `vxjpgod oe fr~o|vxf|- ~xolf||gdc oe

lbfagljm| hw pbf fr~o|f` gd`gug`vjm|- pbf |fd|gpgugpwoe pbf pjxcfp oxcjd| jd` gdpfxjlpgod| sgpb opbfx

fdugxodafdpjm |pxf||ox|$ \omugdc pbf ~xohmfa| oefr~o|vxf ajw hf fufd aoxf `gelvmp$

Pbf gdpxo`vlpgod oe dfs Fvxo~fjd LoaavdgpwXfcvmjpgod| od lbfagljm| jd` pbfgx |jef v|f "FL8>>5 Xfcvmjpgod' sbglb `fjm| sgpb pbf Xfcg|pxjpgod-Fujmvjpgod- Jvpboxg{jpgod jd` Xf|pxglpgod oe Lbfagljm|vh|pjdlf| "XFJLB' g| j xflfdp gdgpgjpguf pbjp jga| po

g`fdpgew pbf ao|p ~opfdp ~ommvpjdp|$ Pbg| ~xocxjaafsgmm loox`gdjpf `fpjgmf` fujmvjpgod| oe lbfagljm| jd`g| gdpfd`f` po ~xoug`f hj|gl porglgpw `jpj od fjlb gd`g!ug`vjm lbfagljm sbglb jxf gdpfd`f` po ~xoug`f j |ovd`

hj|g| eox evpvxf xf|fjxlb$Jppfa~p| po vd`fx|pjd` pbf vd`fxmwgdc jlpgod| oe|vlb lbfagljm| od gd`gug`vjm| jd` od flo|w|pfa| sgmm

`fajd` j |vgpf oe gduf|pgcjpguf j~~xojlbf| "cvxf 8'$Egx|pmw- fdugxodafdpjm lodlfdpxjpgod| oe fjlb ~ommvpjdp

jd` pbfgx hgojujgmjhgmgpw av|p hf `fpfxagdf`$ \fl!od mw- v~pjif- afpjhomg|a jd` frlxfpgod av|p hfgduf|pgcjpf` gd j dvahfx oe ljxfevmmw |fmflpf` |~flgf|-po pjif jllovdp oe jcf jd` |~flgf| `geefxfdlf| gd feeflp|od pjxcfp pg||vf|$ Egdjmmw- j xjdcf oe j~~xo~xgjpf fd`!~ogdp| av|p hf g`fdpgf` eox pbf zvjdpgljpgod oexf|~od|f| "cvxf 8'$ Pbf|f ajw gdlmv`f dop odmw ~o~v!

mjpgod lbjdcf| hvp jm|o hfbjugovxjm- ~bw|gomocgljm-

bg|pomocgljm- fd`olxgdf jd` aomflvmjx xf|~od|f|$Lxgpfxgj bjuf hffd ~xo~o|f` eox pbf |fmflpgod oe |fd!pgdfm |~flgf| jd` eox pbf lboglf oe fd`~ogdpafj|vxfafdp| "GFB :777'- f$c$ pbfw |bovm` hfloaaod- flomocgljmmw ox flodoagljmmw ga~oxpjdp-

lbfagljmlmj||

lbfagljmlodlfdpxjpgod

agrpvxffeeflp|

|fzvf|pxjpgod

fdugxodafdpjm lodlfdpxjpgod|

v~pjif afpjhomg|a frlxfpgod|fzvf|pxjpgod

gd ugpxo

pjxcfp pg||vf fr~o|vxf

"mjxujm/eofpjm gaajpvxf/dfodjpjm j`vmp'

bg|pomocw fd`olxgdfcfdf

fr~xf||godhfbjugovx

fdugxodafdpjm|pxf||ox|

loa~vpfx ao`fm

j||olgjpgod| jd` bw~opbf|f|

feeflp|

"mjxujm/eofpjm gaajpvxf/dfodjpjm j`vmp'

Egcvxf 8$ \oaf ajkox loa~odfdp| oe j ao`fm oe ~ommvpjdp fr~o|vxf jd` jlpgod$

Xfugfs$ ^ommvpjdp| jd` |v|pjgdjhgmgpw \$ A$ Xbgd`

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

9/12

jafdjhmf po mjhoxjpoxw ajgdpfdjdlf jd` bjuf j xjdcfoe `gfp| jd` bjhgpjp|$ Bosfufx- pbf |~flgf| |fmflpf` eox

|pv`w av|p hf `fpfxagdf` hw pbf |~flgl zvf|pgod~o|f`$

Gd`gug`vjm gduf|pgcjpox| oepfd ejuovx odf ~jxpglvmjxfr~fxgafdpjm j~~xojlb po j` xf|| |~flgl zvf|pgod|lodlfxdgdc hgolbfagljm ox ~bw|gomocgljm feeflp|$ Pbg|g| fdpgxfmw j~~xo~xgjpf eox pbf fmvlg jpgod oe loa!~odfdp| oe pbf |w|pfa hvp `gufx|f fr~fxgafdpjm

j~~xojlbf| jxf f||fdpgjm eox vd`fx|pjd`gdc oe pbfflo|w|pfa j| j sbomf hfljv|f do |gdcmf j~~xojlb ljdj``xf|| jmm zvf|pgod|$ Eox frja~mf- lodpxommf` mjhoxj!poxw |pv`gf|- gduomugdc |gdcmf lbfagljm|- |oafpgaf| jp~bjxajlomocgljm `o|f|- jxf dflf||jxw eox pbf gduf|pg!cjpgod oe pbf aflbjdg|a| oe jlpgod jd` feeflpguf`o|f| oe fjlb loa~ovd`$ Od pbf opbfx bjd`- fm

|pv`gf| oe feeflp| od jdgajm ~o~vmjpgod| oe fr~o|vxfpo avmpg~mf ~ommvpjdp|- jp mos hvp ujxgjhmf `o|f|- jxff||fdpgjm po pbf vd`fx|pjd`gdc oe xfjm!soxm feeflp|$Hopb pw~f| oe |pv`w ajw hfdfp exoa pbf gdlox~oxjpgodoe cfdoagl- ~xopfoagl jd` afpjhomoagl pflbdgzvf| pofmvlg`jpf pbf jlpgod| oe ~ommvpjdp|$ Gd ox`fx po o~pg!ag{f ~xocxf||god oe vd`fx|pjd`gdc- gp g| ugpjm pbjp pbf

xf|vmp| oe pbf|f lodpxj|pgdc pw~f| oe |pv`w jxf hxovcbppocfpbfx- |o pbjp feeflp| oe mos lodlfdpxjpgod| oe agr!pvxf| oe lbfagljm| od avmpg~mf |~flgf| ljd hf

ao`fmmf` jd` |o pbjp ejlpox| lxgpgljm po flo|w|pfa evdl!pgod ljd hf g`fdpgf`$ \vlb lxgpgljm ejlpox| sgmm gdlmv`fpbf ao|p ~opfdp lbfagljm gd|vmp|- pbf ao|p |fd|gpguf|~flgf| jd` |pjcf| oe `fufmo~afdp- jd` pbf ao|p

|gcdgljdp j``gpgodjm |pxf||ox|$ Gp ajw hf ~o||ghmf pohfcgd pbg| ~xolf|| pbxovcb pbf lod|pxvlpgod oe loa~v!pfx ao`fm| `f|gcdf`- vmpgajpfmw- po gdpfcxjpf jmm pw~f|

oe xfmfujdp gdeoxajpgod- gdlmv gdc fr~o|vxf xjpf|-pg||vf jllvavmjpgod jd` jdgajm jd` ~o~vmjpgodxf|~od|f| "cvxf 8'$ Fufdpvjmmw- |vlb jd j~~xojlbajw jm|o jmmos ao`fm| oe lmgajpf lbjdcf jd` j||olg!jpf` lbjdcf| po hf mgdif` po ao`fm| oe flo|w|pfaevdlpgod |o pbjp pbf loahgdf` feeflp| oe fr~o|vxf po~ommvpjdp| jd` fdugxodafdpjm |pxf||ox| ljd hf

~xf`glpf`$Gp g| lodlmv`f` pbjp fd`olxgdf!`g|xv~pgdc ~ommvpjdp|

`o ~o|f pbxfjp| po flo|w|pfa |v|pjgdjhgmgpw jd` pomodc!pfxa bvajd bfjmpb jd` sfmmhfgdc$ Bosfufx-`fpfxagdjpgod oe pbf ~xflg|f djpvxf jd` ajcdgpv`foe pbf pbxfjp| sgmm xfzvgxf |gcdgljdp evxpbfx gduf|pg!

cjpgod$ Pbf lo|p oe pbf xfzvgxf` xf|fjxlb jd` pbf|olgjm lo|p oe pbf mgef|pwmf lbjdcf| pbjp ajw hf xfzvgxf`po xf`vlf pbf ga~jlp oe fdugxodafdpjm ~ommvpjdp| jxfmgifmw po hf bgcb$ Bosfufx- |vlb lo|p| |bovm` hflod|g`fxf` gd pbf lodpfrp oe pbf ~opfdpgjm lo|p oeejgmvxf po j``xf|| `jajcf po pbf ajxgdf- exf|bsjpfxjd` pfxxf|pxgjm flo|w|pfa| pbjp |v~~oxp ovx eoo`~xo`vlpgod jd` sgm`mgef$

XFEFXFDLF\Jaf{jcj- A$ X$- Hfmmgdcbja- A$- Fujd|- D$ ^$- Lopgdop- L$-

\bjx~f- X$ A$- Xbgd`- \$ A$- AlDfgmmw- J$ \$ % Eosmfx-

^$ J$ 8>>2$ Fsf| fr~o|f` po j lolipjgm oe fdugxodafdpjm

lbfagljm| j| efpv|f| bjuf efsfx ~xgaox gjm eommglmf|$^xol$ \ol$ Xf~xo`$ Efxpgm$- 87 Kvdf: Kvmw 8>>2- F`gdhvxcb-

VI- ~~$ 52$ \ff bpp~;//sss$|xe!xf~xo`vlpgod$oxc/

affpgdc|/lode8>>2/~xocjh|pxjlphooi$~`e9 jllf||f >8

\f~pfahfx 8>>7$

Jdsjw- A$ @$ % \igddfx- A$ I$ 8>>5 F~gcfdfpgl pxjd|cfd!

fxjpgodjm jlpgod| oe fd`olxgdf `g|xv~pox|$ Fd`olxgdomocw

:03- \0>6 Jlvpf lodpjagdjpgod sgpb

f|efdujmfxjpf jd` eoo` mgagpjpgod; lbxodgl feeflp| od pbf

ajww- Lmofod `g~pfxva$ Fdugxod$ Porglom$ Lbfa$ 80-

:82: :825$ "`og;:>$:273/>0!865X:$:'

Hfmmgdcbja- A$- Eosmfx- $ J$- Jaf{jcj- A$ X$- Xbgd`-

\$ A$- Lopgdop- L$- Ajd`od!^f~gd- H$- \bjx~f- X$ A$-

Iwmf- L$ F$ % Fujd|- D$ ^$ 8>>7 Fr~o|vxf po j loa~mfr

lolipjgm oe fdugxodafdpjm fd`olxgdf `g|xv~pgdc loa!

~ovd`| `g|pvxh| pbf Ig\\!:/C^X60 |w|pfa gd ougdf

bw~opbjmjav| jd` ~gpvgpjxw cmjd $ Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb ^fx!

|~flp$ \ff bpp~;//fb~$dgfb|$dgb$cou/`ol|/8>>7/>7>>577/

jh|pxjlp$bpam$ "`og;:>$:827/fb~$>7>>577'

Ho|pxoa- L$ F$ fp jm$ 8>>8 Ljdlfx xg|i j||f||afdp-

gd`gljpox|- jd` cvg`fmgdf| eox ~omwlwlmgl jxoajpgl bw`xo!

ljxhod| gd pbf jahgfdp jgx$ Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb ^fx|~flp$

::>"\v~~m$ >6 Jllvxjpf ~xf`glpgod oe pbf xf|~od|f oe

exf|bsjpfx |b po j agrpvxf oe f|pxocfdgl lbfagljm|$

Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb ^fx|~flp$ ::>0

Pfa~fxjpvxf `f~fd`fdp ~bw|gomocgljm xf|~od|f oe

Ljxlgdv| ajfdj| fr~o|f` po lo~~fx$ Ajx$ Fdugxod$ Xf|$

62- 32:326$ "`og;:>$:>:5/k$ajxfduxf|$8>>0$>7:-

$:>35:>0:>:>0'

@jug|- @$ M$- Hfmm- A$ M$ % Emfplbfx- P$ 8>>8 J mooi hjli jp

pbf Mod`od |aoc oe :768 jd` pbf bjme lfdpvxw |gdlf$

Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb ^fx|~flp$ ::>- J3>7x|ph$xowjm|olgfpw~vhmg|bgdc$oxc@osdmoj`f` exoa

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

10/12

FL 8>>5 Xfcvmjpgod "FL'$ Do$ :7>3/8>>5 oe pbf Fvxo~fjd

^jxmgjafdp jd` oe pbf Lovdlgm oe :2 @flfahfx 8>>5 lod!

lfxdgdc pbf Xfcg|pxjpgod- Fujmvjpgod- Jvpboxg|jpgod jd`

Xf|pxglpgod oe Lbfagljm| "XFJLB'- f|pjhmg|bgdc j Fvxo!

~fjd Lbfagljm| Jcfdlw- jafd`gdc @gxflpguf :777/06/FL

jd` xf~fjmgdc Lovdlgm Xfcvmjpgod "FFL' Do$ 37>8 Efajmf |vhefxpgmgpw$ Mjdlfp- :6::67$

"`og;:>$:>:5/\>:0>!53$

:8:>/fd$8>>6!::>0 Lbfagljm loaavdgljpgod pbxfjpfdf` hw

fd`olxgdf!`g|xv~pgdc loa~ovd`|$ Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb

^fx|~flp$ ::8- 50256>2 Bfjmpb oe

bfxxgdc cvmm| "Mjxv| jxcfdpjpv|' gd xfmjpgod po hxff`gdc

moljpgod gd pbf fjxmw :77>|$ GGG$ Feeflp| od pbf hodfpg||vf$ K$ Porglom$ Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb ^jxp J 3:- :7$

Exw- @$ A$ % Poodf- L$ I$ :72: @@P!gd`vlf` efagdg{jpgod

oe cvmm fahxwo|$ \lgfdlf 8:$

:>:5/k$lbfao|~bfxf$8>>3$>6$>88'

Cghh|- ^$ % Hxwjd- C$ :723 PHP ~jgdp| jd` pbf `fag|f oe

pbf `oc!sbfmi- Dvlfmmj mj~gmmv| "Cj|pxo~o`j'$ Olfjd| :7-

:028 :023$ "`og;:>$::>7/OLFJD\$:723$::5>5>5 Fd`olxgdf `g|xv~pgdc oxcjdopgd loa!

~ovd | jxf ~opfdp gd`vlfx| oe j g~ocfdf|g| gd

ufxpfhxjpf|$ Aom$ Fd`olxgdom$ 8>- 8:0:8:66$ "`og;:>$

:8:>/af$8>>6!>>3 J||olgjpgod

hfpsffd |fxva lodlfdpxjpgod| oe ~fx|g|pfdp oxcjdgl ~ommv!

pjdp| jd` |fme!xf~oxpf` ljx`gouj|lvmjx `g|fj|f ~xfujmfdlf;

xf|vmp| exoa pbf Djpgodjm Bfjmpb jd` Dvpxgpgod Frjagd!

jpgod \vxufw- :7778>>8$ Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb ^fx|~flp$ ::6-

:8>0:8>7$

Bjmmg`jw$ :777 Pbf cxfjp |pgdi oe Mod`od; \gx Ko|f~b Hj{jmcfppf

jd` pbf lmfjd|gdc oe pbf Uglpoxgjd afpxo~omg|$ Pbxv~~-

\pxov`- Cmovlf|pfx|bgxf; \vppod ^vhmg|bfx|$

Bjd|fd- M$ :772 \pf~~gdc hjlisjx` po ga~xouf j||f||afdp

oe ^LH lodcfdfx porglgpgf|$ Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb ^fx|~flp$ :>5-

:3::27$ "`og;:>$83/>3 Fd`olxgdf `g|xv~pgod gd dfaj!

po`f|; feeflp| jd` aflbjdg|a$ Floporglomocw :5- :682$

"`og;:>$:>>3/|:>505!>>5!>:>2!w'

Bxv|ij- I$ \$- Evxpb- ^$ J$- \fgefx- @$ H$- \bjbjxj- E$ G$ %

Emjs|- K$ J$ 8>>> Fdugxodafdpjm ejlpox| gd gdefxpgmgpw$

Lmgd$ Oh|pfp$ Cwdflom$ 0>3 Eoo` sfh!|~flgl hgoajcdglj!

pgod oe ~fx|g|pfdp oxcjdgl ~ommvpjdp|$ \lgfdlf >3 Pfd wfjx| oe agrgdc lolipjgm|; j xfugfs

oe loahgdjpgod feeflp| oe fd`olxgdf!`g|xv~pgdc lbfagljm|$

Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb ^fx|~flp$ ::6"\v~~m$ :'- 72:>6$

Xfugfs$ ^ommvpjdp| jd` |v|pjgdjhgmgpw \$ A$ Xbgd`

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

11/12

Ioujp|- [$ F$ % Lghoxos|ig- K$ B$ :727 Jzvjpgl gd|flp j`vmp|

j| gd`gljpox| oe oxcjdolbmoxgdf lodpjagdjpgod$ K$ Cxfjp

Mjif| Xf|$ :6- 582 Feeflp oe |mv`cf| od hjlpfxgj gd jcxglvm!

pvxjm |ogm$ Jdjmw|g| jp mjhoxjpoxw jd` ovp`oox mw|gafpfx

|ljmf$ Floporglom$ Fdugxod$ \je$ 57- 833822$ "`og;:>$

:>:5/k$flofdu$8>>3$>6$>:>< Mfufm| jd` pxfd`| oe ~omw!

hxoagdjpf` `g~bfdwmfpbfx| jd` opbfx hxoagdjpf` jaf

xfpjx jdp| gd sgm mgef$ Fdugxod$ Gdp$ 87- 36333>$

"`og;:>$:>:5/\>:5>!0:8>">>0 ^H@F|

gd pbf jpao|~bfxf oe pbxff moljpgod| gd Sf|pfxd Fvxo~f$

Fdugxod$ \lg$ Pflbdom$ 5$ "`og;:>$:>8:/

f|>08l'

Mgd`- ^$ A$- Hfxcajd- J$- Om||od- A$ % Oxhfxc- K$ 8>>$:533/KOF!>3!>>65'

Aoxmfw- D$ K$ 8>>5 ^jxj|gpg|a j| j |ovxlf oe ~opfdpgjm `g|pox!

pgod gd |pv`gf| od fd`olxgdf `g|xv~pgdc lbfagljm| gd

aommv|l|$ Ajx$ ^ommvp$ Hvmm$ 68- :$:>:5/k$lbfao|~bfxf$8>>3$>:$>>7'

Dfhfxp- @$ S$ 8>>6 Gdpfx!gd gug vjm |v|lf~pghgmgpw po

fdugxodafdpjm porgljdp|j lvxxfdp j||f||afdp$ Porglom$

J~~m$ ^bjxajlom$ 8>3- \>3 @fufmo~afdpjm fr~o|vxf

po fd`olxgdf `g|xv~pox| jd` pbf ohf|gpw f~g`fagl$

Xf~xo`$ Porglom$ 8875$ "`og;:>$:>:5/k$xf~xopor$

8>>5$:8$>:>'

Dox`|pxoa Kofd|fd- V$- \ijiifhjfi- D$ F$ % Koxcfd|fd- D$

8>>7 G| pbfxf j ~xohmfa sgpb ajmf xf~xo`vlpgod? Djp$

Lmgd$ ^xjlp$ Fd`olxgdom$ Afpjh$ 6- :00:06$

Dox|pxoa- X$ K$ 8>>8 Vd`fx|pjd`gdc hgojllvavmjpgod oe

^O | gd eoo` sfh|$ Fdugxod$ \lg$ ^ommvp$ Xf|$ 7-

>$:>>3/

|:>505!>>5!>:>7!r'

^jvm- L$- Xbgd`- \$ A$- Iwmf- L$ F$- \lopp- B$- AlIgddfmm- L$ %

\bjx~f- X$ A$ 8>>6 Lfmmvmjx jd` boxaodjm `g|xv~pgod oe

efpjm pf|pg| `fufmo~afdp gd |bff~ xfjxf` od ~j|pvxf pxfjpf`

sgpb |fsjcf |mv`cf$ Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb ^fx|~flp$ ::>8 Loahgdgdc

rfdof|pxocfd| jp mfufm| hfmos gd`gug`vjm do!oh|fxuf !

feeflp lodlfdpxjpgod| `xjajpgljmmw fdbjdlf| |pfxog`

boxaodf jlpgod$ Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb ^fx|~flp$ ::>- 7:378:$

Xbgd`- \$ A$ 8>>6 Jxf fd`olxgdf `g|xv~pgdc loa~ovd`| j

pbxfjp po ejxa jdgajm bfjmpb- sfmejxf jd` ~xo`vlpgugpw?

Xf~xo`$ @oa$ Jdga$ 0>- 82887>$ "`og;:>$::::/k$:06>6$>>670$r'

Xbgd`- \$ A$ 8>>2 Fd`olxgdf `g|xv~pox| jd` opbfx eoo`

lodpjagdjpgdc fdugxodafdpjm ~ommvpjdp| j| xg|i ejlpox|

gd jdgajm xf~xo`vlpgod$ Xf~xo`$ @oa$ Jdga$ 0$:>36 \$ A$ Xbgd` Xfugfs$ ^ommvpjdp| jd` |v|pjgdjhgmgpw

^bgm$ Pxjd|$ X$ \ol$ H "8>>7'

od @flfahfx :8- 8>>7x|ph$xowjm|olgfpw~vhmg|bgdc$oxc@osdmoj`f` exoa

8/9/2019 09 Anthropogenic Pollutants... Ecosystem Sustainability

12/12

\lbgf`fi- @$- \vd`fmgd- H$- Xfj ajd- K$ % Ajl`odjm -

X$ S$ 8>>3 Gdpfxjlpgod| hfpsffd lmgajpf lbjdcf jd` lod!

pjagdjdp|$ Ajx$ ^ommvp$ Hvmm$ 60- :206:265$ "`og;:>$

:>:5/k$ajx~omhvm$8>>3$>7$>8>'

\fplbfmm- H$ :773 \~fxa lovdp| gd |fafd oe ejxa jdgajm|

:7- 8>78:0$ "`og;:>$:>05/

k$:6$:773$>>>60$r'

\bjxjxj- E$ G$- \fgefx- @$ H$ % Emjs|- K$ J$ :772 Fdugxod!

afdpjm porgljdp| jd` efajmf xf~xo`vlpgod$ Efxpgm$ \pfxgm$3>- 5:

\bjx~f- X$ A$ % \ijiifhjfi- D$ F$ 8>>2 Pf|pglvmjx `w|cfd!

f|g| |wd`xoaf; aflbjdg|pgl gd|gcbp| jd` ~opfdpgjm dfs

`osd|pxfja feeflp|$ Efxpgm$ \pfxgm$ 27"\v~~m$ :'- f$:>>8/kjp$866>>:>:>5'

\agpb- \$ X$ :775 Oxcjdgl ~ommvpjdp|$ Gd Jcxglvmpvxjm

xflwlmgdc oe |fsjcf |mv`cf jd` pbf fdugxodafdp- lb$ :>-

~~$ 8>38$:>8:/f|>8>:5:w'

\vxf|- H$ 8>>5 Bos ~jxj|gpg|a jd` ~ommvpgod jeeflp pbf ~bw|!

gomocgljm boafo|pj|g| oe jzvjpgl bo|p|$ K$ Bfmagdpbom$ 2>-

:6::63$ "`og;:>$:>37/KOB8>>5>> Feeflp|

od pbf gaavdf |w|pfa j||olgjpf` sgpb mgugdc dfjx j ~f|pg!

lg`f `va~ |gpf$ Fdugxod$ Bfjmpb ^fx|~flp$ :>2- :::$

:>:5/k$fdu~om$8>>0$>83'

Sgmigd|od- K$ A$- Bgmm- K$ % ^bgmmg~|- K$ L$ 8>>< Pbf jllvav!

mjpgod oe ~opfdpgjmmw porgl afpjm| hw cxj{gdc xvagdjdp|$

^xol$ Dvpx$ \ol$ 58- 853833$

Somef- S$ B$- Aglbjmfi- K$ F$- Agdfx- K$ L$- Xjbf- J$ K$-

Aooxf- L$ J$- Dff`bja- M$ M$ % ^jppfx|od- @$ C$

:776 ^jpfxdjm |fxva `gorgd jd` xf~xo`vlpguf ovploaf|

jaodc ufpfxjd| oe O~fxjpgod Xjdlb Bjd`$ F~g`fagomocw

5- :388$

Wvdifx- A$ H$- Ajl`odjm`- X$ S$- Ugdcjx{jd- X$- Agplbfmm-

X$ B$- Cowfppf- @$ % \wmuf|pxf- \$ 8>>8 ^JB| gd

pbf Exj|fx Xgufx hj|gd; j lxgpgljm j~~xjg|jm oe ^JB xjpgo|

j| gd gljpox| oe ^JB |ovxlf jd` loa~o|gpgod$ Oxc$

Cfolbfa$ 8'

>>>>8!6'

Xfugfs$ ^ommvpjdp| jd` |v|pjgdjhgmgpw \$ A$ Xbgd` :

^bgm$ Pxjd|$ X$ \ol$ H "8>>7'

od @flfahfx :8- 8>>7x|ph$xowjm|olgfpw~vhmg|bgdc$oxc@osdmoj`f` exoa