TIG IMUA III REPORT Master 06082011-01ofie.kapiolani.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/... · anthropogenic activities, and climate change impact the biodiversity, ecosystem function,

ANNUAL REPORT

IMUA III: INVESTING IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY UNIVERSITY ACTIVITIES. PACIFIC HIGH ISLAND EVOLUTIONARY BIOGEOGRAPHY: IMPACTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES, ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON HAWAIIAN FOCAL SPECIES

AWARD: EPS-0903833

PERIOD: SEPT. 1, 2010 - AUG. 31, 2011

A. Executive Summary...............................................................................................1 A.1 Mission/Vision/Goals .......................................................................................1 A.2 Project Components..........................................................................................1 A.3 Key Accomplishments......................................................................................3 A.4 Actions Taken in Response to Recommendations............................................5 B. Detailed Report.........................................................................................................6 B.1 Participants and Participating Institutions.........................................................6 B.2 Program/Project Description.............................................................................7 B.2.1 Research and Education Accomplishments and Plans...........................7 B.2.2 Diversity, Broadening Participation, Community Engagement, and Institutional Collaboration ...................................................................29 B.2.2.1 Broadening Participation ............................................................29 B.2.2.2 Institutional Collaboration ..........................................................31 B.2.3 Workforce Development .......................................................................33 B.2.4 Cyberinfrastructure................................................................................33 B.2.5 Outreach and Communication...............................................................33 B.2.6 Evaluation and Assessment...................................................................34 B.2.7 Sustainability and Project Outputs ........................................................39 B.2.7.1 Seed Funding and Emerging Areas ............................................39 B.2.7.2 Human Resources Development.................................................40 B.2.7.3 Leveraging NSF Programs .........................................................41 B.2.8 Management Structure ..........................................................................42 B.2.9 Jurisdictional and Other Support...........................................................46 B.2.10 Planning Updates.................................................................................46 B.2.11 Unobligated Funds ..............................................................................47 B.3 Jurisdiction Specific Terms and Conditions ....................................................47 B.4 Experimental/Computational Facilities............................................................47 B.5 Publications and Patents...................................................................................48 B.6 Honors and Awards..........................................................................................48 C. Highlights.................................................................................................................48 D. Appendicies ...........................................................................................................52

A. Executive Summary A.1 Mission/Vision/Goals The vision of the third Hawai‘i NSF EPSCoR Investing in Multidisciplinary University Activities award (IMUA III) is a prosperous and sustainable Hawai‘i powered by innovations created through transformative scientific ideas from a diverse workforce that ranks among the most scientifically and technically competent in the world.

IMUA III’s mission is to expand and sustain competitiveness in Hawai‘i in new areas of environmental science and technology research and education. IMUA III’s goals are to understand and predict how invasive species, anthropogenic activities, and climate change impact the biodiversity, ecosystem function, and current or potential human use of Hawaiian focal species. Focal species of Hawai‘i are defined as endemic species in Hawai‘i and any species used by early Hawaiian society that helped define its place in the natural landscape. Integral components of this initiative include increasing capacity for cyberinfrastructure, data visualization, and modeling, as well as broadening the diversity of the State’s science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce through enhanced experiential research for undergraduate and graduate students, in concert with broader community engagement.

A.2 Project Components Research and Education Efforts IMUA III is designed and executed by two primary research teams, the Ecological Genomics and Metabolomics Team (ECOGEM) and the Environmental Dynamics and Ecosystem Responses Team (ENDER). Efforts of ECOGEM and ENDER are augmented with the support and research of the Cyberinfrastructure Team (CYBER). The Diversity, Education and Workforce Team (DEW) is charged with increasing engagement in IMUA III related research and associated activities, particularly for Native Hawaiians and other underrepresented groups across the entire project. ECOGEM and ENDER teams are using study sites on the Island of Hawai‘i, the Big Island, targeting a natural ahupua‘a (land division extending from the uplands to the near-shore area of the sea). The research exploits a virtual geologic time series transect between marine and terrestrial species, habitats and ecosystems on the Big Island, juxtaposed with those up through the Hawaiian Archipelago to the Northwest Hawaiian Islands. Along these transects, members of the EPSCoR project are conducting a variety of physical, chemical, biological, and ecological measurements. Analytical laboratories for genomics, metabolomics and environmental chemistry established under previous RII awards have received equipment upgrades and continue to provide essential services to all research teams.

Ecological Genomics and Metabolomics (ECOGEM)is examining the response of marine species to environmental changes across space and time at the molecular, genetic, and phenotypic level. The goal is to further our understanding of the effect of climate change and human activities on marine and terrestrial ecosystems by characterizing the genetic heterogeneity and metabolite diversity of indicator marine and terrestrial species. How these organisms respond to the range of environmental conditions might provide us with a measure of their resilience to climate change. The team is examining the response of economically and culturally significant Hawaiian organisms to environmental change including seasonal, geographical dispersion, and varietal selection. More specifically, the ECOGEM team, including its partners at Chaminade University of Honolulu (CUH), seeks to determine differences in ‘awa metabolites resulting from ethno-botanical and geographic variations.

Environmental Dynamics and Ecosystem Responses (ENDER)is establishing a series of climate networks and vegetation plots on Hawai‘i Island to examine the effects of environmental change on the Hawaiian Archipelago. Since temperature and precipitation change with elevation, these facilities are located along elevational gradients on the windward and leeward sides of Hawai‘i Island. Long-term climate and forest measurements are essential to determine the baseline values necessary for detecting and measuring the impacts of climate change in Hawai‘i. ENDER is investigating the role of coastal and upland populations of invasive kiawe trees and associated vegetation on water, carbon, and nutrient dynamics in the terrestrial zones of Kīholo and Kaloko-Honokōhau. The team is assessing the evolution of the subterranean groundwater estuary via iterative groundwater modeling

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and analysis of the biogeochemical and stable isotopic evolution. Studies include identifying forms of organic and inorganic nutrients and documenting the dynamics of coastal groundwater plumes at two marine plot sites in leeward Hawai‘i. Spatial and temporal variation in net primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) at the two marine plots are being investigated in relation to anthropogenic, climatic, and natural changes. Using advanced modeling and data mining techniques developed with the CYBER team, ENDER researchers are addressing the socio-economic impacts and implications of invasive species, anthropogenic activities and climate change on groundwaters from their surface origins in the mountains along their subsequent subsurface flow to coastal estuarine seeps along the coast.

Cyberinfrastructure The Cyberinfrastructure team (CYBER) integrates technological innovation into the IMUAIII programs to expand capacity for cyberinfrastructure-enabled research and education. CYBER is improving data management through the collection, storage and display of data using a centralized data repository: the Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository (HGDR). From this shared resource, modeling techniques and procedures are being explored to address the research topics critical to ECOGEM and ENDER. This approach will prepare the CYBER team for visualizing research results from scientific discovery and enhancing educational outreach in the last two years of the program. The cyberinfrastructure framework built by the CYBER team will benefit the research and education activities of ENDER, ECOGEM, and DEW teams and will support the transformation of research and education statewide.

To build upon the Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository infrastructure, a Visualization and Modeling Center will act to integrate diverse datasets for modeling, analysis, simulation and visualization. The goal of the center is to promote a culture of integrating cybertechnology into the ENDER and ECOGEM research agendas. To succeed in encouraging institutional transformation and human capacity development in cybertechnology, IMUA III is actively engaging CYBER team members into the research agendas of ECOGEM and ENDER, has hosted cybertechnology workshops, internships and training, and is developing a computational sciences curriculum to build the next generation of students, teachers, scientists, developers, and support staff.

Diversity, Education and Workforce Development (DEW) The DEW team leverages IMUA III investments in diversity, education and workforce development and is helping to increase the success of Native Hawaiians and other underrepresented minorities in STEM studies and careers. Research teams have involved diverse audiences of pre-college, undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students in research projects. DEW has supported these efforts and a variety of STEM opportunities along the K-20 pipeline to enhance participation, educational, and career success of underrepresented persons. IMUA III supported facilities and programs provide staff, students and partners for training opportunities to better prepare these audiences for participation in the STEM workforce. Increased integration among education and research teams during Year 2 has helped formalize strategies with the teams to increase student diversity in their programs.

Outreach and Communication Communicating IMUA III research activities, methods, and results is an important aspect of bridging science and community. Research teams have engaged in many avenues that have provided information to the public and built additional partnerships. Feedback from the community and changes to the DEW staff in Year 2 resulted in stronger support from DEW for teams’ initiatives of outreach, education and diversity while also coordinating and supporting programs primarily directed toward middle school and undergraduate students. A concerted effort of the DEW strategic plan is to engage all EPSCoR researchers in outreach at community events and inK-12 classrooms, while strengthening peer outreach/dialogue and broadening the diversity of their participants.

Evaluation and Assessment

Since 2003, the impact of EPSCoR funding on the University of Hawaii research effort has resulted in an increase in NSF funded research from $20,418,000 to $60,546,000 and an increase from 0.51% of the total NSF research support to 1.02%. For the two years of IMUA III, the increase has been from $57,836,000 in 2009 to $60,546.000 in 2010, an increase of 4.69%. The publication productivity of IMUA III researchers is underestimated in the evaluation and assessment report since the data available to the assessment team was incomplete. In Year 1 there were 14 publications reported with 11 receiving primary support from EPSCoR. The number of publications in

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Year increased almost four-fold to 41, 8 of which received primary support from EPSCoR. The report highlights again the need to promote collaboration between the research teams, to increase the dialogue between CYBER and the other research teams, to provide better integration between the DEW teams in Honolulu and Hilo, and to integrate DEW in the core research activities. The report also called for a unified, coordinated student database that would be useful in tracking student progress and improved data management.

Sustainability The IMUA III research components have been successful in expanding capacity for scientific research in ecology, genetics and metabolomics. We anticipate an increase in the state’s long-term competitiveness in these disciplines. The climate stations and terrestrial and marine monitoring plots established during Year 2 by ENDER scientists provide a sustainable network of integrated scientific research on climate change, species invasions, and other natural and anthropogenic factors. ECOGEM scientists have developed new research capacity using technology provided from IMUA III that will generate highly competitive research ideas and questions. Enhanced cyberinfrastructure is bringing scientists together among disciplines to share data and approaches, and initiate development of predictive ecosystem models. The CYBER team has made significant process in enhancing the development of the Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository. The cyberinfrastructure being developed during IMUA III is providing a sustained capacity to share and acquire datasets among several disciplines. DEW staff and programs have focused on building sustainable partnerships with education centers and organizations such as the Pālolo Science Discovery Center, the Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center (PACRC),and the Hawai‘i Department of Education and diverse communities to provide STEM K-12 programming and outreach opportunities. DEW works to form a seamless STEM pipeline across campuses focused on supporting the success of Native Hawaiian and other underrepresented persons in STEM studies and careers.

Management Structure Principal Investigator and Project Director Dr. James R. Gaines is building management and administrative capacity across the project, especially at UH Hilo where the majority of the IMUA III participants and activities are now located. UH Hilo Chancellor Donald Straney has been appointed as the Co- Chair of the Statewide Committee and has agreed to partner with Dr. Gaines as the IMUA III Co-PI. The RII award is fiscally managed at RCUH Hilo and by new project staff under the direction of Project Administrator David Lovell. Much of the management of this RII award has focused on team communication and provision of administrative services to the research faculty. A serious weakness identified in previous RII awards was poor communication between teams, which contributed to a lack of integration of research, teaching, and outreach efforts across the projects. More assets have been placed at UH Hilo to support faculty procurement and personnel activities. The management team holds regular meetings of the various IMUAIII team members. Team Leaders for each of the four focus areas have been identified. They coordinate communications, budgeting and reporting across teams. The development of the new Hawai‘i EPSCoR website and its data management system will help address past challenges of collecting, managing and reporting project data.

A.3Key Accomplishments Intellectual Merit The Hawaiian Archipelago is the most remote set of islands in the world; thus, the island ecosystem is free of continental influences. This attribute and the islands’ varied ecosystem gradients make Hawai‘i ideal for examining the impact of environmental change in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Hawai‘i is the site of one of Earth’s most spectacular species radiations, making it a prime site to examine species adaptation to environmental change at the genetic and phenotypic levels. IMUA III brings together climate and forestry scientists with marine scientists, geneticists, and molecular ecologists to discover how climate change, anthropogenic pollution, and invasive species will impact island watersheds and coastal ecosystems. We are asking whether genetic and species biodiversity is predictive of ecosystem resilience. Technology acquired during IMUA III and the use of interdisciplinary approaches allow scientists to conduct novel research in the exceptional ecosystems of Hawai‘i. Integrated cyberinfrastructure support and emerging research are assisting the teams in developing predictive models for those ecosystem processes that will change with increasing temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide.

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In the second year of IMUA III, project members achieved the following accomplishments:

Using innovative techniques, team scientists and collaborators collected data suggesting the long-term N-fixation rate of the invasive tree Prosopis pallida is controlled by access to groundwater and may be responsible for lower soil nitrogen content in some areas of the leeward coast of Hawai‘i.

Employing stable isotope analysis, scientists have evidence that Prosopis pallida and the invasive fish Gambusia affinis alter food sources for the primary consumer in the unique anchialine pond environments of Hawai‘i.

Through apparent-age chlorofluorocarbon methodology, team scientists determined that groundwaters possess a multi-component history of mixing between waters that infiltrated within the last 20 years with higher volumes of older waters that recharged prior to introduction of atmospheric CFCs in the early 1960’s.

Marine scientists, using recently acquired instruments, documented dramatic influence of groundwater on water quality, plankton composition, and biological processes within 200 meters of the coast suggesting this is a biological ‘hot spot’ for microbial transformations.

Broader Impacts The multi-ethnic communities of Hawai‘i provide a distinctive and vibrant setting for the research, education, training, and public engagement efforts of IMUA III. The overall research focus on impacts of ecosystem change on natural resources is of key importance to the resilience, sustainability, and continuity of the island’s cultures and peoples. A vital component of IMUA III is reciprocal engagement between researchers and the community. The integrated research and education teams, with counsel from the Community Advisory Committee (CAC), are exploring ideas and strategies to ensure science and cultural heritage are in harmony. Students from the state’s diverse population are participating in IMUA III research and K-20 efforts, including enrichment programs, undergraduate research experiences, and graduate assistantships. IMUA III supported laboratories are providing training and resources for students, researchers, and collaborative partners conducting research relevant to Hawai‘i. Through these partnerships, dissemination of results is enhancing community understanding of the dynamics and function of our ecosystems, and ultimately involvement in better management and stewardship.

The following accomplishments were noted during the second year of IMUA III: IMUAIII made significant strides in building collaborations with communities and other researchers in Year 2. ENDER terrestrial and

marine teams, with DEW team members, met with Kīholo and Kaloko-Honokōhau community groups to discuss research programs and identified pathways of engagement that are included in Year 3 plans.

The Big Island Water Conference, a collaborative ENDER/DEW effort, brought together researchers from all IMUA III teams with researchers and resource managers of agencies and organizations to share research efforts, identify research needs and develop collaborative efforts that address community and resource needs.

DEW outreach and education efforts reached over 2,000 community members, including over 400 school children through STEM outreach events, school tours, career fairs, and hands-on research experience with highlights on IMUAIII research efforts and outcomes. Efforts focused on increasing the number of Native Hawaiians in STEM degree pathways included support of educational centers, middle school programs, undergraduate research experiences, STEM tours and hands-on outreach events. Educational events and tours at STEM-focused university centers (Pālolo Science Discovery Center and the Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center (PACRC) provided K-12 students hands-on exploration opportunities. DEW also participated in discussions on enhancing success of underrepresented minorities at state and national conferences.

Microarray expression analysis of the transcriptome of two Drosophila sproati populations acclimated to the temperature extremes found at different elevations was completed. Results indicate highly significant differences in gene expression associated with temperature tolerances among two populations of D. sproati along the elevation gradient. These studies will provide researchers with a range of responses available to these endemic flies in the face of climate change.

A genotype map for the endemic Metrosideros polymorpha on Hawai‘i Island is complete. Preliminary data analyses indicate the six varieties identified with genetic analysis partition along strong environmental gradients, i.e. elevation, succession, and proximity to rivers/streams. Phylogenic analysis supports the origin of M. polymorpha as a river specialist approximately 500,000 years ago.

Genetic characterization of all individual corals of Pocillopora damicornis in three patch reefs along the 2,200 mile reach of the Hawaiian Archipelago is complete. For one reef, of the 2,142 individuals on the reef, there were only 142 unique genotypes. Of these, 75 genotypes (53%) were seen only in a single individual. Only six genotypes comprise a majority (65.2%) of individuals on the reef. These six genotypes are uniformly spread across the entire reef and not clumped.

Infrastructure design and setup for the Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository that enhances UH System data storage, hosting, and computational capability is complete. Linkages to the Hawai‘i Open Supercomputing Center for CYBER team faculty and staff were initialized.

A development environment for visualization through the purchase and setup of a GPU computing system was built. This environment will assist researchers in early development and visualization of research datasets.

A post-doc in modeling has been hired (April 2011). Agent-based modeling is underway to examine complex ecosystem relationships.

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A.4Actions Taken in Response to Recommendations IMUA III has responded to recommendations of program reviews by the NSF Reverse Site Visit (RSV) panel, the Hawai‘i Monitoring and Assessment Panel (MAP) and our external evaluator. Table 1 provides a brief overview of their recommendations. Actions in response to these recommendations are presented throughout this report and in Section B.2.6 Evaluation and Assessment and in Table 6 Review Panel Recommendations and Actions.

Reverse Site Visit Each of the nine specific recommendations made to Hawai‘i EPSCoR as a result of its September 2010 Reverse Site Visit at NSF headquarters is addressed in the appropriate sections throughout this report. Some areas of concern had previously been identified and efforts continue to address those (e.g. CAC interaction, team integration etc.). New activities are underway to address other recommendations such as computational science curriculum and increased engagement of the local community.

Evaluation and Assessment Reports A Reverse Site Visit recommendation required Hawai‘i EPSCoR to utilize an independent, external evaluator. Hawai‘i EPSCoR issued a solicitation in January 2011 and a contract was signed with John Knox and Associates in May. Mr. Knox and his team will begin formal evaluation of the Hawai‘i EPSCoR projects (Track-1, Track-2, and C-2) effective June 1, 2011. Dr. Judith Inazu, Evaluator since the inception of the RII awards in Hawai‘i in 2001, completed the Evaluation Report discussed in this report and included in Appendix M.

Monitoring and Assessment Panel The Monitoring and Assessment panel (MAP) visited sites on O‘ahu and at UH Hilo during their visit in October 2010. Significant progress in addressing concerns identified by the MAP, including integration of research and inclusion of the CYBER team in research activities is being made. The MAP will be returning to Hawai‘i in October 2011.

Changes to Long Range Plans/Priorities Several changes were made during year 2 to improve approaches to research, collaborations, education, workforce development and community engagement. ECOGEM and ENDER teams identified new technology and research approaches and improvements in CYBER plans were made. ENDER well drilling will be replaced by resistivity measurements. The Illumina next generation Genome Analyzer at the HIMB Core Genetics Facility will allow for significant enhancement of genetic research since it can provide 1,000-10,000 times more information for the same cost. Adapting the available software and training the researchers in the use of the software for analysis will be a joint effort between CYBER and ECOGEM. Leadership changes in the DEW team and engagement with the new Community Advisory Committee (CAC) resulted in a refocus of DEW strategic goals to target strengthening the STEM pipeline to support more Native Hawaiians in STEM, and a more articulated outreach effort integrated across all teams. The CAC and advisory groups working with teams have provided improved insight into community perceptions, interest in IMUA scientific areas, and engagement strategies.

Unusual Circumstances IMUA III requested and received approval for a spending plan for unobligated funds in excess of 20% of the total award in Year 1. The majority of the funds allocated have been encumbered, however some items requiring longer lead have yet to be received. The remaining funds will be expended before the end of Year 2.

Table 1: Review Panel Recommendations

Team Integration

Improve Communication within Teams and Between Teams

Strengthen Ties Between ECOGEM and ENDER Teams

Integration of CYBER as a Research Component

Integration Among the Research, Teaching, and Outreach Components

Integration of DEW more broadly across all EPSCoR

Build Research Collaborations

Sustainability of Makery Activities

Program Enhacements

Development of a Summer Institute for Middle School Students Development of a State-wide and System-wide Computational Science Undergraduate Degree Add Computational Science Research Components Related to Modeling, High Performance Computing, and Cyberinfrastructure Integration into the Current Infrastructure-focused Activities

Student Tracking Database

Outreach & Communications Increase Community Engagement in Research and Educational Activities

Community Support be Made Part of the Sustainability Plan

Revisits and Re-develops a Plan for a Community Advisory Committee (CAC)

Strategic plan, timeline

Instutional Changes

Utilize an Independent, External Evaluator

Institutional support

Statewide Committee S&T plan

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B. Detailed Report B.1 Participants and Participating Institutions The Hawai‘i institutions participating in the IMUA III award include: • University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (UH Mānoa) • University of Hawai‘i at Hilo (UH Hilo) • Kapi‘olani Community College (KCC) • Chaminade University of Honolulu (CUH) • University of Hawai‘i System (UHS)

Increased competitiveness resulting from IMUA III activities will be demonstrated through the success of the researchers, students and collaborators involved. There are 30 faculty, including12 women, 3 underrepresented minorities and 7 post-doctoral scholars (2 women) engaged in the IMUA III research enterprise. Thirty graduate and 36 undergraduate students participate across the campuses. Over 59% of these students are women (38), and 18 are from underrepresented groups,14 of whom are undergraduates.

The majority of IMUA III activities are conducted on Hawai‘i Island where the growth and sustainability of programs at UH Hilo are critical. Not including Advisory Board members, 58% (87) of the project participants are on the UH Hilo campus. Two campuses, KCC and CUH, are the most diverse with 63% of participants being female and over 75% of participants from underrepresented groups, including five (5) Native Hawaiians.

Diversity within teams is as important as that on campuses. Work continues on processes to assist students, especially Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, to identify research opportunities and to guide them toward EPSCoR-related activities during their academic careers. About one-third of the undergraduate and graduate students participating in IMUA III are from underrepresented groups, while 52% are women.

IMUA III Participant Data

Total Participants 170

Female 83 48.8%

Underrepresented 45 26.5%

Graduate Students 4 2.4%

Undergraduate Students 14 8.2%

Native Hawaiian 30 17.6%

Graduate Students 2 1.2%

Undergraduate Students 7 4.1%

UH Hilo 87 51.2%

UH Manoa 38 22.4%

Kapiolani CC 8 4.7%

Chaminade 11 6.5%

UH System 6 3.5%

Other (Advisory) 20 11.8%

Participant Data by Role RII Leadership Team 9 5.3% Female 3 Underrepresented 2 Faculty (or Equivalent) 30 17.6% Female 12 Underrepresented 3 Post-doc 7 4.1% Female 2 Underrepresented 0 Graduate Students 30 17.6% Female 21 Underrepresented 4 Undergraduate Students 36 21.2% Female 16 Underrepresented 14 Technical Support Staff 22 12.9% Female 10 Underrepresented 3 Nontechnical Support Staff 16 9.4% Female 14 Underrepresented 12 Advisory Board 20 11.8% Female 5 Underrepresented 7

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Team personnel statistics are presented in the Program/Project Description sections of this report. Appendix A provides details regarding faculty support. A listing of the RII participants is available in summary form in Appendix B and individually in Appendix I.

B.2 Program/Project Description B.2.1 Research and Education Accomplishments and Plans IMUA III is organized around four interlocking teams. The research plan is designed and executed by the Ecological Genomics and Metabolomics team (ECOGEM) and the Environmental Dynamics and Ecosystem Responses team (ENDER). The two teams work in a coordinated and complementary fashion to execute their research plans and test their hypotheses. The Cyberinfrastructure team (CYBER) works in parallel with the research teams to support the integration of in-situ sensors, geospatially referenced data collection and management, visualization, predictive modeling, and high performance computing. CYBER is developing models for invasive species effects on evolution and adaptation. ECOGEM and ENDER will test these models during year 3. The Diversity, Education and Workforce Development team (DEW) coordinates IMUA III’s education and outreach investments, with emphasis on increasing participation of Native Hawaiians and other underrepresented persons in STEM career pathways and jobs. The integration of team activities, commonality of project goals, and the use of common research areas and infrastructure contribute to the creation of a transdisciplinary research environment and expanding the capacity for cyberinfrastructure-enabled research and education throughout the State. Research accomplishments and plans for each of the IMUA III teams follow.

Ecological Genomics and Metabolomics (ECOGEM) Team

The ECOGEM team is lead by a multi-institutional group of researchers. Jo-Ann Leong, Director of the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology at UHM was team lead for 2010-2011. The team included Robert Borris, Associate Dean for Research at the UH Hilo College of Pharmacy; Donald Price, Professor of Biology and TCBES Program Chair at UH Hilo; and Helen Turner, Dean of Natural Sciences and Mathematics at Chaminade University.

The goals of ECOGEM are to: 1. Investigate the response of natural populations of marine and

terrestrial plant and animal species to environmental changes at temporal and spatial scales with molecular, genetic, and phenotypic analyses.

2. Examine the effect of human activities on biodiversity by determining the genetic and phenotypic variation of indicator marine species.

3. Examine the effect of environmental stressors, (e.g., heat, UV, differing water conditions, etc.) on economically and cultural significant Hawaiian organisms.

4. Establish baseline metabolite profiles for selected species of terrestrial and marine plants.

5. Establish baseline seasonal and geographic variations in metabolite profiles for selected species of terrestrial and marine plants.

6. Determine the differences in ‘awa metabolites resulting from ethnobotanical and geographic variations.

7. Provide molecular genetics support to UH Hilo and Hawai‘i Island research and education communities.

8. Train students and sustain the research program by fostering collaborations, disseminating results, and securing external funding.

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The ECOGEM research team is investigating the response of natural populations of marine and terrestrial species to environmental changes across spatial and temporal scales at the molecular, genetic, and phenotypic level. The goal is to understand how human activities and environmental change affect paleotropical terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The approach is to characterize genetic and phenotypic diversity of indicator species under varying environmental conditions. The team has selected the following marine indicator species for their distribution throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago: the endemic fish yellow tang (Zebrasoma flavescens), the endemic rice coral (Montipora capitata), the more globally distributed marine algae limu kohu (Asparagopsis taxiformis), the lobed coral (Porites lobata), and the lace coral (Pocillopora damicornis). With the terrestrial species that occupy the many different ecozones on the island of Hawai‘i, the indicator species are the endemic tree ‘ōhi‘a (Metrosideros polymorphia), the endemic Picture-winged fly (Drosophila sproati), and the culturally important plants ‘awa (Piper methysticum) and breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis). These species have been genotyped with microsatellite markers. In year 2, transcriptomic profiles for Drosophila spp. and the rice coral are being constructed for samples taken under dissimilar environmental conditions. The metabolite profiles have been initiated for ‘ōhi‘a and breadfruit. As the capacity for conducting these assays is enhanced by the Illumina sequence analyzer purchased for the UH Mānoa Core facility and the new DNA sequence analysis equipment at the UH Hilo Core facility, other target species will be analyzed for their genomic expression and metabolite profiles, including the comparative analyses for seasonal and geographic variation. A major objective of the ECOGEM effort is to correlate gene expression with metabolite production. The ultimate aim is one of discovering how these indicator organisms adapt to environmental stress. To accomplish these goals, the ECOGEM team collaborates among three interrelated research project agendas and a fourth research support/education agenda:

Agenda 1: Eco-genomics in Diverse Hawaiian Environments (Leong, Price) Agenda 2: Metabolomic and Genomic Approaches to Assessing the Impact of Environmental Change on

indicator Hawaiian Organisms (Borris, Leong, Price) Agenda 3: Metabolomic Analysis of ‘Awa Resulting from Ethnobotanical and Geographic Variations

(Turner, Borris) Agenda 4: Core Lab Facility Support and the Training of Young Scientists (Borris, Leong, Price, Turner)

ECOGEM provided significant opportunities for workforce development throughout the first two years. Across all three research projects, the ECOGEM team hired two postdoctoral fellows: Michelle Phillips working with Ruth Gates at UH Mānoa, and -Benjamin Clark working with Bob Borris at UH Hilo. Laboratory managers, Anne Veillet (UH Hilo) and Amy Eggers at (UH Mānoa), provide workshops and outreach education to faculty and students (high school, undergraduate, and graduate). At UH Mānoa, two EPSCoR graduate students have initiated their ECOGEM projects: Nyssa Silbiger with Megan Donahue on bioerosion communities and Emilia Sogin with Ruth Gates on coral adaptation to thermal stress. At UH Hilo, graduate students Petlin Pelep and Tani Wright are working with Don Price on Hawaiian Drosophila; Alicia Rhodes is working with Elizabeth Stacy on reproductive barriers within Metrosideros polymorpha, and undergraduate Chris Yakym is conducting research with Dr. Jonathan Awaya on the bacteria associated with the host-plants of two species of Hawaiian Drosophila. Undergraduate research interns Cassie Kim, Marcus Kouma, Elizabeth Lee, Christine Lucas, Tina MacDonald, Stephanie Ogle, Jesse Potter, and Nicole Schauer are working

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with Bob Borris at UH Hilo on metabolomics. At UH Mānoa, undergraduate research interns Kelsey Finn works with Ruth Gates, and Kelsey Fees works with Steve Karl. At Chaminade University, two graduate students, William Greineisen and Januaria Balajadia and undergraduates Jack Kuh, Francis Gauvao, Daniel Randall, Micah Yoshinaga, Noelani Tuu, Erick Paul, and Tanisha Germain trained in experimental design and literature mining, basic pharmacology, and acquisition of technical skills in the areas of cell culture, signal transduction studies using immunochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. Partnerships with the new DEW team are being developed to further diversify these efforts through linking research efforts with community outreach opportunities and bridging students into research experiences with ECOGEM-associated projects in year 3.

COGEM Agenda 1: Eco-genomics in Diverse Hawaiian Environments (Leong, Price)

Goal 1: Investigate the response of natural populations of marine and terrestrial (plant and animal) species to environmental changes at temporal and spatial scales with molecular genetic and phenotypic analyses.

Goal 3: Examine the effect of environmental stressors, (e.g., heat, UV, differing water conditions, etc.) on economically and cultural significant Hawaiian organisms.

At UH Hilo, Don Price conducted a series of phenotypic and genetic analyses of a Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila to determine the impact of environmental changes to an indicator species for impact of climate change on the terrestrial environment. His group developed the techniques to determine the population genetic analysis of D. sproati in different locations on the Island of Hawai‘i. The primers for sequencing a portion of the cytochrome oxidase gene of the mitochondria and the yolk protein nuclear gene have been developed and are being used to sequence these genes in Hawaiian Drosophila populations. Microsatellite markers were developed from analysis of the D. grimshawi genome for use in D. sproati. The results indicate this species is demonstrating sufficient population structure to permit studies of local adaptation to environmental changes. Temperature tolerance studies were conducted on D. sproati that demonstrate there are important differences in temperature tolerance among populations along an elevation gradient. The custom 14,187-gene microarray from Agilent Technologies developed from the Hawaiian D. grimshawi transcriptome was used to determine gene expression differences for related species of Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila. There were highly significant differences in gene expression associated with temperature tolerances among two populations of D. sproati along the elevation gradient. These populations raised in controlled environment conditions indicate this species is very sensitive to temperature changes. This result suggests many ectodermic animals will be greatly impacted by environmental changes associated with climate change. We are continuing this research with another Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila, D. silvestris,a considerably rarer species and possibly more sensitive to temperature and desiccation changes associated with climate change.

For Metrosideros polymorpha, Elizabeth Stacy completed a large-scale genotyping project of this species on east Hawai‘i Island. M. polymorpha on east Hawai‘i Island comprises six varieties that partition along strong environmental gradients (i.e., elevational, successional, and proximity to rivers/streams). Stacy’s work on the neutral genetic structure of this system, using several nuclear microsatellite loci, sets the stage for future studies of short-term (ecological) and long-term (evolutionary) functional genetic and metabolomic responses within a long-lived woody species. Data analyses are underway; preliminary results reveal striking neutral genetic

differentiation of varieties that occupy extreme environments, including one at the edge of the species’ geographic/climatic range. This result indicates strong differential selection, possibly in conjunction with restricted habitat range, can drive significant population differentiation in long-lived woody species within a short time period (~500,000 years). A companion analysis of chloroplast markers supports the origin of the river specialist on Hawai‘i Island and, hence, the recent and rapid emergence of this variety. Results also reveal generally consistent clustering of populations by variety and indicate relationships among varieties. These results establish a direction for follow-on functional genetic and metabolomic studies.

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A companion study is examining the strength and stages of reproductive isolation among these same varieties on Hawai‘i Island to examine associations between ecological divergence and reproductive barriers. Hand-pollinations will be complete by September 2011, and measures of reproductive barriers will be gathered subsequently. Results will yield insight into the long-term (evolutionary) impacts of climate change on natural populations.

At UH Mānoa, Steve Karl is continuing his research on the effect of environment on genetic heterogeneity among coral species in a patch reef. The objectives of this research are to understand how coral colonies within a reef are genetically related to each other and how this might influence coral reef health and persistence. Karl and his group have mapped and sampled all colonies of Pocillopora damicornis on a single patch reef at French Frigate Shoals (FFS), Pearl and Hermes Atoll (PHA), and Kāne‘ohe Bay (K-Bay) and every individual of Porites lobata at the FFS reef.P. lobata was not present at the PHA or K-Bay reefs. The genotype of each colony was determined using nuclear DNA markers capable of providing individual-specific DNA fingerprints. The genetic analysis for P. damicornis is now complete for PHA, FFS, and K-Bay. Of the 2,730 colonies that were DNA fingerprinted in K-Bay, there were 143 unique genotypes. Most of these were single colonies. Nine genotypes dominated the reef with each genotype being seen in from ~20 to over 100 different colonies. The distribution of any dominant genotype was not clustered, but rather evenly distributed throughout the patch reef. Similar results were observed at FFS (125 colonies genotyped, 53 unique, 9 predominant) and PHA (1,653 colonies genotyped, 129 unique, 8 predominant). Accompanying the study was environmental monitoring along a 4 X 4 meter grid on each patch reef. In Kāne‘ohe Bay, there was a considerable amount of temporally stable temperature variation across a reef at very fine scales, i.e. there were hot spots and cold spots on the reef. Temperature data loggers were deployed at FFS and PHA in 2009, and in 2010 these temperature loggers were recovered. Team members are analyzing these data similarly to the Kāne‘ohe Bay dataset to determine if certain genotypes are better adapted to thermal stress.

Microsatellite markers were developed for M. capitata, Z. flavescens, and A. taxiformis (Annual Report 1). The phylogeographic distribution of these genotyped species is being determined for the entire Hawaiian Archipelago in collaboration with the ENDER team. As an example, ENDER is mapping the locations of A. taxiformis at their marine sites where environmental monitors provide continuous salinity, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrient load, and water current measurements. The habitat preference of the four different A. taxiformis varieties has never been determined and the metabolite profile of this marine alga under diverse environmental conditions has also never been examined. Since this marine alga has been targeted as a potential source of pharmaceutical agents, its metabolite profile under dissimilar environmental conditions should be useful for identifying anti-Leishmania compounds and antibacterial halogenated compounds. Using the Genomics Core Facility at the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), Michelle Phillips and Ruth Gates created custom cDNA microarrays for the rice coral Montipora capitata, containing 13,824 spots in duplicate, for a total of 27,648 spots. The array is unique in that it contains cDNAs from the coral holobiont, which includes the host coral as well as its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium. They are working with Masaki Takabayashi (ENDER) to examine gene expression patterns in corals with skeletal growth anomalies from the island of Hawai‘i. Corals produce simple, calcium-based skeletons similar to human bone in both mineral and organic composition, suggesting there may be similarities in the molecular pathology of these coral skeletal growth anomalies and the growth of human bone tumors. Preliminary studies suggest there is a distinct environmental component to the prevalence of the tumors. By examining global gene expression patterns of the coral holobiont in healthy coral tissues, as well as healthy and "tumor" tissues from corals with growth anomalies, the M. capitata microarrays will provide valuable information on the molecular pathologies of these skeletal

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anomalies. When correlated with the environmental context in which they arise, the microarrays will contribute to the comprehension of coral diseases. This project provides urgently needed genomic resources for understanding the molecular mechanisms of calcification in corals, a crucial aspect in developing a predictive framework for the vulnerability of corals to elevated CO2 levels, and thus, the impacts of ocean acidification. As a tool that can assess the response of corals’ numerous conditions, the microarrays will be used in future studies of gene expression in corals, including reproductive studies and understanding the effects of temperature change and pollution on this critical marine ecosystem. Megan Donahue and Nyssa Silbiger initiated a project that seeks to characterize bioeroding communities in coral reefs and determine how environmental stressors such as heat and low pH might affect coral reefs in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Collaboration with the MicroCT facility at Cornell University has enabled these researchers to accurately calculate the bioerosion rate of corals. Collaboration with Rob Toonen at HIMB is leading to the use of bar-coding technology to examine the bioeroding communities in Hawai‘i and to ask if there are differences in these communities along the North-South gradient of the Hawaiian Archipelago.

ECOGEM Agenda 2: Metabolomic and Genomic Approaches to Assessing the Impact of Environmental Change on Indicator Hawaiian Organisms. (Borris, Leong, Price)

Goal 1: Investigate the response of natural populations of marine and terrestrial (plant and animal) species to environmental changes at temporal and spatial scales with molecular genetic and phenotypic analyses.

Goal 2: Examine the effect of human activities on biodiversity by determining the genetic and phenotypic variation of indicator marine species.


Goal 4: Establish baseline metabolite profiles for selected species of terrestrial and marine plants. Goal 5: Establish baseline seasonal and geographic variations in metabolite profiles for selected species of

terrestrial and marine plants.

This project ties together researchers at UH Hilo in the College of Pharmacy (CoP) led by Robert Borris; the College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources Management (CAFNRM) led by Maria Haws; and the Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science program led by Elizabeth Stacy with colleagues at UH Mānoa in the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), HIMB.

The metabolomics portion of the ECOGEM project aims to investigate secondary metabolites of a limited number of terrestrial and marine plants, and then, using this new knowledge, explore the manner in which the expression of these metabolites changes with change in season (within a population), with change in location (between populations) and between genetic varieties.

To this end, two terrestrial species have been selected for investigation: Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ōhi‘a) and Artocarpus altilis (ulu: breadfruit). Populations of these two plants suitable for supporting the initial bulk collections and the seasonal variation studies have been identified. Initial large scale collections of 10-15 kg each of leaves and stems of each species were obtained. The material was dried and milled to a coarse power, which was then extracted to produce four fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, butanol, and aqueous) for metabolite analyses via chromatography. The analysis of the dichloromethane fraction of M. polymorpha has yielded a handful of major metabolites that are currently being identified. The fractionation of the more polar butanol fraction has produced a relatively small number of major metabolites and more than 100 compounds in lesser amounts. Concurrently with these activities, monthly collections of small samples of Metrosideros and Artocarpus are being made for the seasonal variation studies. Collections will take place monthly over 2 years.

Collection and extraction of the marine alga, Asparagopsis taxiformis or limu kohu, has been deferred until the installation of a new lyophilization system in the College of Pharmacy at UH Hilo, expected in May 2011.

At UH Mānoa, ECOGEM supported graduate student Emilia Sogin is using LC-MS and NMR to compare the metabolite profiles of corals that host a diversity of dinoflagellate endosymbionts (flexible corals) with corals that

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associate with only one or two specific and very closely related dinoflagellate types (specific corals). The latter are generally resistant to climate change stressors (e.g. massive Porites) and the former are stress sensitive (e.g. Pocilloporids and Montipora). In preliminary work conducted at HIMB, effective extraction protocols were developed and Sogin’s analyses demonstrate that each coral species is characterized by a specific metabolite profile. Ms. Sogin also participated in a one-month research trip to Taiwan as part of an NSF EAGER award to develop international networks for the study of Pacific corals. During this time she leveraged the exceptional coral culture and mesocosm facilities at the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium (NMMBA) to run thermal challenge experiments to evaluate their impact on the metabolite profiles of corals that are flexible and specific with respect to their dinoflagellate endosymbionts. Sogin has been awarded an NSF EAPSI fellowship and will be spending an additional 6 weeks at the NMMBA summer 2011 under the supervision of Dr. Chii-Shiarng Chen. She has also developed collaboration with David Horgen at Hawai‘i Pacific University to facilitate the chemical and statistical analysis of metabolites from Hawaiian corals.

ECOGEM Agenda 3: Metabolomic Analysis of ‘Awa Resulting from Ethnobotanical and Geographic Variations (Turner, Borris)


Goal 5: Establish baseline seasonal and geographic variations in metabolite profiles for selected species of terrestrial and marine plants.

Goal 6: Determine the differences in àwa metabolites resulting from ethnobotanical and geographic variations.

The study center at Chaminade is being led by Helen Turner in collaboration with partner organizations Hawai‘i Maoli, a 501(c)(3) subsidiary of the Association of Hawaiian Civic Clubs, and the University of Hawai‘i.

In the second year of funding the CUH EPSCoR project moved forward in each of the proposed areas of activity. First, work was substantially completed on developing bioassays for components of ‘awa (kava). Drawing from the ‘awa-associated inflammatory dermopathy that has been described, researchers hypothesized that mast cell activation may be altered in response to ‘awa constituents. Using the purified ‘awa components of kava in and methysticin, they assayed multiple markers of pro-inflammatory function in mast cells. Most were refractory to the application of these purified compounds, although a robust effect on calcium levels was observed, giving them an assay. The researchers propose that this refractoriness reflects the differential between using purified single components of ‘awa and a complex mixture representing ‘awa extracts. Therefore in year 2 they began purification of ‘awa extracts and are reassessing their effects on the new bioassay systems.

Developing culturally-accurate ‘awa preparation protocols has moved forward, although this is a more complex and challenging area than initially supposed. An ‘awa preparation survey was produced, reviewed by the Community Advisory Committee (CAC), and circulated to individuals from Hawai‘i, Samoa, Tonga, FSM and Fiji. Vehicles for dissemination of the survey included Chaminade student Polynesian clubs, Chaminade students visiting their home islands, a collaboration with the University of the South Pacific and individual members of the Native Hawaiian community. In total 141 surveys were distributed and about 25% returned. We have information from individuals ranging from kupuna (respected elders) to recreational users of ‘awa.

Two student teams of undergraduates were assembled to work on this project. One is involved in survey dissemination and analysis. The second, a group of computer science (CS) majors, is enrolled in a specially-designed new course (CS480 Computing and Traditional Medicine) and is involved in developing a novel paradigm for transfer of preparation protocols between cultural practitioners and the laboratory. ALICE video representation of protocols are being produced (see www.ALICE.org), and will then be reviewed and refined with cultural practitioners, allowing a far more accurate end-product than the written survey, which seems to be a barrier for those who use ‘awa in a ritualized fashion. This second team is partially funded by the NSF Broadening Participation in Computing grant to Chaminade. The prototype video was presented at a BPC Symposium in Hilo, April 2011. Challenges for year 2 include formalization of these procedures into SOP and then preparation of actual standardized ‘awa extracts for metabolomics.

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ECOGEM Agenda 4: Core Laboratory Facility Support and the Training of Young Scientists(Borris, Leong, Price, Turner)

Goal 7: Provide molecular genetics support to UH Hilo and Hawai‘i Island research education communities. Goal 8: Train students and sustain the research program by fostering collaborations, disseminating results and

securing external funding.

In addition to the student training detailed in the previous section, the Core Genomics Facilities are important components of the ECOGEM research support and training program. At UH Hilo, the DNA sequencing core facility offers research support for state and federal agency partners, faculty, and students. The facility supported 12 users and provided training for the MS graduate students in the Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Sciences (TCBES) program headed by Don Price. Anne Veillet, the UH Hilo facilities core manager, provided 27 workshops for students and technicians. A new ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer and an ABI Step One Plus Real-Time PCR machine were purchased and additional lab tours and sequencing demonstrations for Biology 175 have been added to the Core Lab function.

The UH Hilo TCBES program is continuing the Partnerships for Reform through Investigative Science and Math (PRISM) developed through an NSF GK-12 grant to Don Price. This program has developed twelve (12) 4-to 9-week life science curricula for grades K-8 that infuse hands-on activities for standards-based lessons with examples from the Hawaiian environment and Hawai‘i cultural components.

At UH Mānoa, the Core Genomics facilities support 9 faculty and 25 students/postdoctoral fellows. Amy Eggers, the core laboratory manager, provided two outreach workshops for K-12 students and provided 1,609 sequencing runs with 1,701 genotyping fragment analyses. The facility supports the research efforts funded by competitive grants from NOAA, NSF, EPA, and private research foundations. It houses an LC-Mass Spectrometer, a microarrayer, a 3100 ABI sequencer, and a 3130 X1 ABI sequencer and is available for use by colleagues at Windward Community College, visiting scientists, and the NIH COBRE bioinformatics faculty collaborating with HIMB faculty. A new Illumina IIx Genomic Analyzer will considerably enhance research efforts to characterize the transcriptome of the indicator species identified in the ECOGEM projects. Workshops for training researchers in using the Illumina will be widely publicized and available to all in the research community.

There is a strong commitment by ECOGEM faculty to integrate science with community involvement. Those efforts are well described in our partnerships with DEW and other education programs, including Laulima A ‘Ike Pono (“Working Together for the Collective Vision”), a Community Collaborations in Geosciences and Place-Based Education NSF funded program. This program seeks to bring members of underrepresented minorities into geosciences (http://www.hawaii.edu/himb/Education/LAIP.html). HIMB also works with NALU Studies, an education program funded by the Omidyar and Castle Foundations. This program targets high school students identified as “high risk” by juvenile court. In two-week segments during the Winter Holiday break, during Spring break, and during the summer, HIMB works with 10-12 students by providing them training in DNA sequence analysis and making the Corelab sequencing facility available to them.

Environmental Dynamics and Ecosystem Responses (ENDER) Team

The ENDER team is led by Jim Beets, Professor in Marine Science at UH Hilo; with team members Thomas Giambelluca, Professor in Geography at UH Mānoa; Craig Glenn, Professor in SOEST at UH Mānoa; and Becky Ostertag, Assoc. Professor in Biology at UH Hilo. To focus their research effort on the environmental changes occurring throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago, ENDER goals have been revised (merged from twelve to six) in order to integrate objectives among research teams and with other IMUA III components.

The goals of ENDER are to: 1. Investigate climate and vegetation in Hawaiian forest ecosystems to assess the interrelationships between

climate, plant species composition, ecosystem structure and function.

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2. Investigate the role of coastal and upland populations of invasive kiawe trees and associated vegetation on water, carbon, and nutrient dynamics in the terrestrial zones of Kīholo and Kaloko-Honokōhau.

3. Investigate the origin and flow of subterranean groundwater throughout the ahupua‘a and its socio-economic impacts.

4. Investigate variation in environmental factors (e.g., nutrients forms and concentrations) in coastal marine systems to assess biotic responses, particularly in relation to dynamics in the coastal groundwater plumes.

5. Train students and sustain the research program by fostering collaborations, disseminating results and securing external funding.

6. Integrate with other IMUA III components (ECOGEM, CYBER, DEW) to enhance research development, education opportunities, and outreach.

Environmental changes are occurring throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago in all ecosystems and across temporal and spatial scales. Climate change, invasive species, and anthropogenic influences are having increasing effects on community structure and ecosystem function. ENDER is a collaborative research effort investigating the effects on ecosystem dynamics and functions among terrestrial and marine ecosystems. To accomplish these goals the ENDER team is continuing to establish a climate network and vegetation monitoring plots at selected stations; investigating the dynamics of the invasive kiawe tree; documenting groundwater dynamics throughout the ahupua‘a; and conducting research in two marine plots to understand the biotic responses to coastal changes and dynamics on the Island of Hawai‘i. A major objective is to derive predictive models of ecosystem responses to changes in order to evaluate resiliency and sustainability.

To accomplish these goals, the ENDER group collaborates among the three interrelated project agendas: Agenda 1: Climate change and ecosystem response in Hawai‘i: Building capacity for research and

education through a Cyber-enabled climate ecosystem (Leads: Giambelluca, Ostertag) Agenda 2: Natural, anthropogenic and invasive species controls on biogeochemical evolution of terrestrial

groundwaters and ecosystems (Leads: Giambelluca, Glenn, Ostertag) Agenda 3: Marine ecosystem responses to environmental changes (Leads: Beets, Glenn) Agenda 4: Education, training and team integration (Leads: Beets, Giambelluca, Glenn, Ostertag)

An important aspect of IMUA III is to link building a diverse STEM workforce development with achieving research results. ENDER scientists have trained a sizable S&T workforce to conduct the research activities, including twelve graduate students, three post-doctoral fellows, two technicians, three interns, and over fifteen undergraduates. Climate technician Josh VanDeMark supervises interns who have been trained by ENDER scientists in plant identification, tagging, measuring, and data collation and analysis. VanDeMark also trained a temporary technician, MS student DiManno. Michael Nullet, Josh VanDeMark, and the team leaders have worked together to design and implement the climate network. Michael Nullet, Kohei Miyagi, and team leaders from the ENDER-Climate and CYBER teams gained valuable experience through their collaboration on the development of new data retrieval, archival, quality control, and visualization tools. In an effort to enhance professional development of students between institutions, UH Hilo MS student Troy Sakihara was invited to Cornell University to further the recent collaboration. Post-doctoral fellow Bruce Dudley is being mentored in accordance with his Mentoring plan and assists in training two MS students (Kehauwealani Nelson-Kaula, Troy Sakihara). Post-doctoral fellow Suzanne Tillery developed the necessary expertise needed for a density-dependent

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groundwater flow and transport model. She attended a variety of workshops for career development. PhD candidate Jacque Kelly received a UH Mānoa William T. Coulbourn Fellowship in Geology and the 2011 UH Mānoa ARCS (Achievement Rewards for College Scientists) Award. UH Mānoa MS student Christine Waters was awarded a 3–year National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. MS students Eric Johnson, Rebecca Most, and Judy Walker (UH Hilo) and Kayla Holleman (UH Mānoa) have been extensively trained in marine field techniques and have worked together for data collection in all research activities in the two marine plots (8 sampling trips in this funding period). With guidance from ENDER scientists, Dudley, Holleman, Johnson, Kelly, Nelson-Kaula, Sakihara and Walker developed research presentations for the Hawai‘i Water Resources Meeting, March 2011. Three also presented their research at the TCBES Graduate Symposium. Two UH Hilo graduate students (Most, Walker) also received teaching experience by presenting guest lectures in undergraduate classes. Additionally, the program supported one UH Hilo undergraduate research assistant, Brian Yannutz (NOAA scholar) in completion of his senior thesis project. UH Mānoa undergraduate research assistant Kennedy received the L. Stephen Lau Water Research Endowed Scholarship for his submarine groundwater research project.

ENDER Agenda 1: Climate Change and Ecosystem Response in Hawai‘i: Building Capacity for Research and Education through a Cyber-enabled Climate Ecosystem (Leads: Giambelluca, Ostertag)

Goal 1: Investigating climate and vegetation in Hawaiian forest ecosystems to assess the interrelationships between climate, plant species composition, ecosystem structure and function

With IMUA III investments in infrastructure, the ENDER team is establishing a climate network and terrestrial and marine experimental plots on the Island of Hawai‘i. Long-term climate and forest measurements across elevation gradients that also vary in temperature and precipitation are essential in order to develop baseline data that allows for detection of the impacts of climate change and species invasion in Hawai‘i. The team designed a network of climate stations with state-of-the art equipment in both windward (wet) side and leeward (dry) side of Hawai‘i Island. Adjacent to these stations the research group is examining ecosystem processes such as carbon flux and vegetation dynamics including tree growth and mortality. In year 2, ENDER set up both climate stations and associated vegetation plots. These activities followed initial preparations, equipment ordering, and hiring of staff in year 1. In Summer 2010, project personnel completed a census of the nine small vegetation plots along the wet-side elevation gradient and collected soil cores to 10 cm and 1 m depths. Team members completed a planned annual recensus of 10% of the large (4ha) HIPPNET plots in lowland dry forest and montane wet forest in October 2010. A new dry side plot was created in March 2011. Climate stations installed included one in the lowest elevation (Kīholo Bay), one in mid elevation (Māmalahoa) on the dry side and one at low elevation on the wet side (Spencer). The Kīholo Bay station is a temporary installation setup in an adjacent clearing. The permanent station awaits construction of a support tower to place instruments above the tree canopy. Permitting and engineering design tasks are in progress for the permanent tower at Kīholo Bay and the new tower at Pu‘uWa‘awa‘a. ENDER now has three climate stations on the dry, leeward, side and four on the wet, windward, side of the island. Data collected at the climate stations include air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, soil volumetric water content, and photosynthetically active radiation. ENDER has set up an associated vegetation plot at each station. The team is sampling soil respiration and litterfall in the nine small-scale wet forest plots. They will use these climate and biological data as a coupled ecosystem-climate observatory.

Another essential objective of this project is to develop tools to automate the quality assurance and quality control steps with climate data. Climate sensors collect vast amounts of data at frequent time intervals, but data can be unreliable if sensors are not functioning properly. Data from the climate network is currently being retrieved via cell-phone telemetry. Initial and secondary quality control tasks are being conducted by visually examining plotted data. ENDER is working with the CYBER team to develop methods of automated data retrieval, quality control, data analysis, data archiving, and data dissemination. Michael Nullet serves a key role in this endeavor. The team is using data from the Maui-based HaleNet climate system, with 23 years of records, to set up and test the data management system. CYBER technician Kohei Miyagi is currently working on this aspect.

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ENDER Agenda 2: Natural, Anthropogenic and Invasive Species Controls on Biogeochemical Evolution of Terrestrial Groundwaters and Ecosystems (Leads: Giambelluca, Glenn, Ostertag)

Goal 2: Investigating the role of coastal and upland populations of invasive kiawe trees and associated vegetation on water, carbon, and nutrient dynamics in the terrestrial zones of Kīholo and Kaloko-Honokōhau

ENDER is investigating the role of coastal and upland populations of invasive nitrogen-fixing kiawe trees on water use and nutrient inputs into soils and coastal zones in two lowland dry ecosystems of leeward Hawai‘i Island: Kīholo and Kaloko-Honokōhau. The first research question addresses how water availability affects physiology and nitrogen fixation in the invasive legume Prosopis pallida, and feedbacks of this tree on soil chemistry. Physiological measurements, including measurements of leaf tissue chemistry, water potential, fluorescence and sap oxygen isotopes of kiawe at upland and lowland sites are proceeding quarterly for a 2-year period. These data are supplemented by sapflux and climate observations including rainfall, temperature, and humidity at these sites collected constantly for the entire two-year period; and soil, rainfall and groundwater chemistry measurements collected quarterly. Continuous monitoring of weather data has been ongoingsince December 2010, and two quarterly sampling events of all other measurements are complete. Stations were established during June-July 2010 for continuous monitoring of sapflux at upland and lowland sites; however, the upland station was vandalized in September 2010. The upland site has since been monitored for brief sample periods. Preliminary Leaf Area Index (LAI) measurements were completed on upland and lowland kiawe stands, and further LAI measurements will be collected at 2-month intervals. These data are being presented by Becky Ostertag in a research talk in summer 2011.

ENDER scientists are investigating how kiawe cover affects the rare anchialine pond ecosystems in Hawai‘i. These ponds have no surface connection to the ocean but are influenced by tidal flow. They contain a distinctive endemic fauna threatened by invasion, development, and high nutrient inputs. ENDER is investigating the influence of kiawe on ponds by comparing its litter production and nutrient input to a native non-N-fixing tree that also surrounds these ponds. This work is being conducted by MS student Kehauwealani Nelson-Kaula, who has been writing her research proposal during this reporting period and will begin experimental setup in Summer 2011. Another experiment underway will isotopically determine the amount of fixed nitrogen added to anchialine pond water by direct kiawe litter fall; leaf litter has been collected for this experiment.

Another question being examined in this ecosystem is how do increases in nutrient availability in the pond water, and reduction in grazing by the endemic shrimp Halocaridina rubra (‘ōpae‘ula) affect primary production in anchialine ponds (led by MS student Troy Sakihara). Preliminary nutrient analyses of approximately 70 anchialine ponds on the leeward coast are now complete. Initial 13C, 15N and D stable isotope analysis of H.rubra tissue has shown marked differences in diet between open (uncovered) anchialine ponds, those fringed with kiawe, and those fringed by native tree milo (Thespesia populnea). There appear to be dietary differences between open ponds with invasive fish species and those without. The team began a project to examine the diet of these shrimp in further detail, and how these dietary differences affect the H. rubra population density and fitness in these ponds. Algae collection plates and leaf litter collectors are in place at all 16 comparison ponds. A portion of this nutrient analysis work has been included as a component of a study with a research group from Cornell University. All data for this collaborative study are complete and the study is in the data analysis phase.

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Goal 3: Investigating the origin and flow of subterranean groundwater throughout the ahupua‘a and its socio-economic impacts

The groundwater research is aimed at assessing the flow of groundwater and nutrients and natural tracers through the subsurface to the marine environment via data collection and modeling. Integrated groundwater biogeochemistry and hydrogeological models are being combined to study the subsurface groundwaters that discharge into the anthropogenically-impacted Kaloko-Honokōhau coastal region and less-impacted Kīholo Bay region. The specific objectives include: (1) quantifying the influence of the kiawe tree water usage

on water balance and (2) quantifying nutrient flux contributions of natural sources (weathering rates, kiawe inputs) and anthropogenic input sources (fertilizers, sewage and industry). The USGS SEAWAT model was selected as the appropriate model because it can simulate groundwater response to water flow and chemical inputs by also accounting for potential contamination due to salt water/fresh water mixing. SEAWAT combines water flow and solute transport in simulating three-dimensional variable-density groundwater flow, along with multi-species solute and heat transport.

Numerous data sources, including published and well-monitoring data, provide input data required for groundwater modeling. Stable isotope and nutrient data from continuing monitoring include water sampling of drinking and agricultural water wells, coastal wells, springs, anchialine ponds, and other coastal discharge sites from throughout the Kona region. Of particular note are preliminary findings that down-gradient phosphate, especially nitrate concentrations that occur at more pristine coastal sites north of the Hualālai Rift Zone, are in general much lower relative to those found below the highly urbanized regions of Kailua Kona and Kaloko-Honokōhau to the south. For sites downgradient of the County’s southern Honokōhau wastewater treatment facility’s groundwater injection site, there is significant attenuation of aquifer ammonium and nitrate, but much less attenuation of phosphate by the time these subsurface waters reach the coast.

Determination of apparent ages of groundwaters has not been previously investigated and is crucial to fully understand nutrient transformations from recharge to discharge areas. Researchers collected water samples in triplicate from eighteen locations for apparent age determination by the chlorofluorocarbon method. Chlorofluorocarbon concentrations from the samples were modeled using a piston flow, single water source, model and a binary, dual water source, model. To date, the dual water source model best explains the water supply well data. Broadly generalizing, results have demonstrated that wells contain between 56 and 92% water that was recharged prior to the introduction of chlorofluorocarbons in the early 1960s. The remainder of the water in the wells was recharged in the mid-1980s with the exception of one (Haleki‘i), recharged in the mid-1970s.

After review of existing wells and costs associated with new well drilling, researchers adopted alternative approaches. They will obtain data from existing wells using the electrical resistivity method for data collection and hydrogeologic site assessment. This technique can be used for non-invasive high-resolution characterization of the subsurface geology and hydrogeology. It allows for the detection of the presence of groundwaters, temporal and spatial change in groundwater levels, existence of contaminants, and aquifer heterogeneities, and mixing and interaction between groundwater and saltwater. The technique is superior to installing monitoring wells due to its non-invasive nature, lower costs, portability, and the ability to provide information over much larger spatial scale. It allows for the monitoring of changes in groundwater levels over time through repeat deployment. Portability of the equipment makes it useful as a terrestrial tool, and will facilitate the characterization of groundwater outcrop

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sites along the land-ocean interface. In September 2010, the subsurface resistivity approach was tested in detail in Hawai‘i and provided outstanding results.

Economic scientists on the ENDER Team have been focusing on the management of coastal marine nutrient loads. The objective is to determine which nutrient sources should be targeted first, how much to abate from each source over time, and what kind of policies to implement in order to induce the desired levels of abatement. Achieving this objective will require calculating the costs of various nutrient abatement instruments, as well as comparing the cost-effectiveness of different nutrient-reducing regulatory policies. Control mechanisms have been identified for the three primary sources of nutrient input to groundwater. Two optimal abatement principles will be considered in formulating regulatory policies: 1) nutrient sources should be targeted in the order of least marginal abatement cost, and 2) abatement via some activities may always be dominated by more cost effective abatement channels.

Several key features of regulatory policy design were analyzed. Management of nutrient inputs will be needed to reduce eutrophication impacts on coastal ecosystems. Nutrient management requires not only an optimal abatement plan, but also a plan for financing the control mechanisms. Financing will depend on the nutrient source. Several options have been evaluated to derive best policy decisions. Preliminary findings were presented at the “Sustainability Science for Food, Forests, and Floods: Integrating Climate Adaptation and Pro-Poor Resource Management” Workshop on May 27, 2010 at the UH Mānoa.

ENDER Agenda 3: Marine Ecosystem Responses to Environmental Changes (Leads: Beets, Glenn)

Goal 4: Investigating variation in environmental factors (e.g., nutrients forms and concentrations) in coastal marine systems to assess the biotic responses, particularly in relation to dynamics in the coastal groundwater plumes.

Groundwater fluxes and their associated nutrient fluxes to the coast are being assessed. Tracers of terrestrial freshwater and re-circulated seawater groundwater, as well as nutrients, have been sampled quarterly. Temporal and spatial variability in these parameters will be assessed from maps created in years 2 and 3. To assist in determining groundwater fluxes at the two marine plots, a radon-monitoring buoy was developed and will be ready for deployment in the Summer of 2011. Additionally, sources of these groundwater nutrients are being assessed through measurements of stable isotopes in coastal waters, upstream well waters, and from potential nutrient sources. These stable isotope measurements will further assist in tracing the nutrients through the coastal food webs of anchialine ponds and near-shore waters.

ENDER scientists are studying the corresponding changes in various biological response variables to these groundwater inputs. Quarterly sampling at the two marine plot sites has included surface mapping of the groundwater plume using a multi-parameter probe, nutrient analysis of surface, depth profile, and benthic substrate waters, analysis of metabolic processes in surface waters (net primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism), and plankton community composition, size distribution, and abundance. Three dimensional maps will be made from these data to visualize the groundwater plumes. Biological responses to groundwater nutrients are being evaluated in the benthos through determination of benthic algal biomass, productivity, and species composition, as well as nitrogen metabolism of coral holobionts. Surveys of fish and invertebrate assemblages provide additional insights into the community-level responses to groundwater inputs. In years 2 and 3, real-time continuous monitoring buoys are being deployed at the two marine plots to reveal variability in coastal groundwater plumes. These data will be available for download on the project website. The CYBER group is providing assistance in processing, storing, and making these data available on a public website and will also assist with modeling the data to provide insights into the how the coastal system responds to groundwater inputs and changes in it. Output from this type of model is essential for natural resource managers and policy makers to make good decisions about land and water management in the face of climate change, development, and spread of invasive species.

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ENDER Agenda 4: Education, Training and Team Integration (Leads: Beets, Giambelluca, Glenn, Ostertag)

Goal 5: Train students and sustain the research program by fostering collaborations, disseminating results and securing external funding.

Goal 6: Integrate with other IMUA III components (ECOGEM, CYBER, DEW) to enhance research development, education opportunities, and outreach.

Significant effort in Year 2 has been dedicated to training students, enhancing collaborations, and improving integration with other teams. Students were trainedin field and laboratory techniques, data analysis and presentation. The measure of success is in the number of students trained, presentation made, and awards received. ENDER worked with the DEW team and identified new pathways for recruitment. The team increased the collaborations with federal and state agency partners to improve the research effort. External funds supportexpanded efforts with NPS, NOAA, USFS, and USGS researchers. ENDER scientists are working with CYBER and ECOGEMscientists to establish improved integrated efforts. New collaborative projects were planned between ENDER and ECOGEM researchers and ENDER and CYBER scientists are engaged in discussions on visualization and modeling efforts.

The Core Analytical Laboratory Facility Support and Training. The Analytical Laboratory operates with one manager, Lucas Mead (UH Hilo-TCBES graduate), one research associate (UH Hilo-TCBES graduate working at 0.5-1.0 FTE), and one graduate student assistant (current UH Hilo-TCBES student working at 0.5 FTE). Collaborating users of this facility include several faculty from three colleges at UH Hilo, several centers, schools, and departments at UH Mānoa, USDA Forest Service, National Park Service, Hawai‘i Department of Health, Stanford University, Hawai‘i Pacific University, University of California – Berkeley, UCLA, California State University – Fullerton, Oregon State University, and Auburn University. The laboratory also provided over 20 demonstrations, workshops, and tours to undergraduate and graduate classes at UH Hilo and outside agencies. Mead worked with faculty in UH Hilo programs to teach classes on capabilities of the Analytical Laboratory, demonstration of instrument use and operation, and review of sample analysis. Laboratory staff also worked with undergraduate and graduate students on their independent research projects to teach them laboratory skills and techniques. During year 2, EPSCoR funds provided the important new capability of flow cytometry for ecological research. The flow cytometer and associate fluorometer allow measurement of chlorophyll a and turbidity of aquatic samples. Other equipment additions (e.g., upgraded HPLC oven and autosampler and recent-funded scanning electron microscope) were provided from other grants. To stay current with the latest methods and form relationships with others in the field, the laboratory manager attended two workshops: 1) ICP training in Chicago in 2009, and 2) IRMS training in Ontario in 2010.

During year 2,the laboratory analyzed, reported, and billed over 100 different jobs for ~40 different clients, and invoiced more than $100,000 worth of services. These funds support staff and instrument maintenance. The goal of the Analytical Laboratory is to drive sustainability by building strong bonds with the University, researchers, and organizations within the community and support their growing analytical needs.

Cyberinfrastructure (CYBER) Team

Cyberinfrastructure team is lead by David Lassner, University of Hawai‘i's Vice President for Information Technology and Chief Information Officer, and Donna Delparte, UH Hilo Assistant Professor of Geography. The remaining CYBER team consists of Michael Peterson (UH Hilo Assistant Professor – Computer Science and Engineering), Syed (Shawon) Rahman (UH Hilo Assistant Professor – Computer Science and Engineering) and Philippe Binder (UH Hilo Chair and Professor - Physics and Astronomy).

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The goals of CYBER are: 1. Build the Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository 2. Establish the Data Visualization, Analysis and Modeling Center 3. Leverage High Performance Computing, Networking and Collaboration 4. Catalyze Institutional Transformation and Human Capacity Development.

Goal 1: Build the Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository Storage of statewide scientific datasets is distributed among various agencies with varying protocols and standards. The Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository (HGDR) will act as a massive central data repository that will aid in coordinating data storage efforts and bring together various agencies to discuss and deploy data standards. Developing a robust spatial data management system for the HGDR is an ongoing priority for the CYBER team. To achieve this end and to draw in statewide spatial data stakeholder and custodian participation from users involved in research, an HGDR advisory group was formed on Jan 27, 2011 that consists of individuals from government, academia, industry and user groups. The HGDR sever infrastructure is in place and will be supplemented with additional storage space and increased capacity in summer 2011. Several pilot projects were launched on the HGDR that include interactive specimen database query and mapping functions and a prototype for sensor data upload, download and display with QA/QC functionality.

Pilot geoweb mapping services were developed for the Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository at both the Hilo and Mānoa Campuses. These mapping services facilitate the query and display of spatial datasets for ENDER, ECOGEM, and external partners.

Goal 2: Establish the Data Visualization, Analysis and Modeling Center

Interaction of native and invasive species during simulated evolution: This continuing project aims to investigate the pressures on native populations upon the introduction of highly fit invasive species during simulated evolution. Work on this project was conducted by Matthew Greenway, an undergraduate computer science student, under the direct supervision of Michael Peterson and Philippe Binder. They used genetic algorithms (GAs) as a framework for evolution simulation using populations of varying levels of fitness to represent native and invasive species. Peterson and Binder employed the symmetric travelling salesman problem (TSP), a well-known NP-hard problem, as a platform for evolution. Their primary interest is in the dynamics of evolutions of subpopulations during evolution. Through their studies, they expect to gain insight into the relative population dynamics between invasive and native species during evolution. They implemented and tuned the genetic algorithm and created novel measures of similarity and mutation methods for TSP problem instances. This positions them to begin studying the relative population dynamics during year 3.

In the biological sub-division of ecology, CYBER expects the result of their investigation will be an improved understanding of the interactions between native and invasive species during evolution. They are investigating the speed with which a native species declines with the introduction of an invasive species. How does the rate of decline vary with differences in initial fitness or in the differences in which the two species originally evolved? Binder and Peterson anticipate their model of evolution will provide insight into these population dynamics.

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Agent-Based Models Recently hired Post-Doc researcher, Mark Kimura will study the complex interactions between environmental factors and predicting outcomes on the Hawaiian Islands using agent-based models focusing attention on utilizing researcher datasets to investigate patterns and relationships found in the unique ecosystems of the Hawaiian Island chain. Initial modeling and analysis efforts have been undertaken to model the evolutionary population dynamics between native and invasive species. These models study the level of pressure and disruption that the introduction of a highly evolved invasive species places upon a specialized native species within an isolated environment. Our model has been implemented; we are currently in the process of experimental analysis and evaluation of our model and have begun manuscript preparation efforts.

Blending Modeling Research and Visualization Donna Delparte, Jahrain Jackson and Michael Peterson are building out a model using high resolution DEM and image data to model mass movements over complex terrain. The model allows for real-time visualization of mass movement downslope with an interactive interface that allows the user to manipulate the landscape to view from multiple angles. The model is using genetic algorithms to train the model to known runout extents. Several dynamic parameters are being modeled to determine which combination produces the best fit. It is anticipated that this model will be adaptable to model landslides and lava flow and potentially groundwater flow.

Donna Delparte and Chris Nishioka are examining a means to map and visualize the dynamics of vegetation and marine change over time. For vegetation a historical geo-database is being developed to utilize paper maps, photographs, aerial and satellite imagery and vegetation surveys to analyze invasive species dynamics over the past 100 years. Both marine and vegetation plots sites with data from the past 5 years is being integrated into GIS and enabled with a “virtual field” capability to allow “street view” like capability for users to see changes over time and to pan around plot imagery.

Joanna Wu is an EPSCoR graduate student under the supervision of Dr. Donna Delparte. In collaboration with an external partner, Joanna has placed telemetry tags on ‘ ma‘o birds in the Saddle Road Kīpuka Complex and has been monitoring their activity over the past several months. Of concern is the bird’s relationship to fruiting plants/trees. The ‘ ma‘o is a native bird species that is now sharing its home range with exotic frugivores. Joanna Wu tracks the birds using telemetry and has been collecting fecal samples to analyze for seeds. Preliminary results visualizing the data collected in the field of individual bird movement has shown some interesting patterns.

Visualization The research and training initiatives in bioinformatics and modelling in environmental metabolomics/functional genomics can be greatly aided with visualization and high performance computing. The EPSCoR CYBER teams' goal is to provide a web based visualization and scientific computing service to facilitate the visualization and scientific computational needs of scientists, trainees and researchers. The service will be provided through an online interactive web portal in order to be accessible by other research teams.

Goal 3: Leverage High Performance Computing, Networking and Collaboration

Graphics Processing Unit The newest state of the art technology in visualization and scientific computing is based on massively parallel GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) architectures. This solution can be housed in a single desktop workstation and costs orders of magnitude less than an equivalent super cluster. With its combination of groundbreaking performance, functionality, and programmability, we believe this GPU would provide the next revolution in affordable visualization and computing. Our team specified one GPU machine for our research, purchased individual components, assembled more than 50 components successfully, and placed this

CYBER students assembling the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

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machine in production.

This machine cost less than $18K and our students gained hands-on experience assembling the GPU machine. Purchasing this machine from a commercial vendor would be cost prohibitive. This is a key acquisition for our visualization research and it will provide more than 2000 nodes, much higher than our current dept supercomputer cluster.

We have chosen and specified the hardware requirements to be able to meet the following features: • Perform real-time scientific data visualization on large data sets. • Support CAVE and 3D rendering though high definition video streaming. • Perform scientific computing such as Bioinformatics, Simulation, Modelling and Data mining. • Host a Web Portal that will provide scientists and researchers from direct access and upload large data sets,

perform scientific computation, and visualization.

Efficiency comparison of GPU servers Unlike other GPU based computing solutions, the new Tesla C2050/C2070 series GPUs offers Double Precision Floating point arithmetic, Error Correction Codes (ECC) and supports C/C++, Fortran, CUDA, and OpenCL development environments. The Tesla series GPUs are fully programmable like traditional CPUs where as other GPUs offer very limited programmability and functionality and poor performance in Double Precision floating point computations. The Fermi series GPU provides a much more cost efficient alternative for both visualization and high performance scientific computing. This architecture is highly scalable and can be expanded upon as more performance is needed.

Hawai‘i Open Supercomputing Center (HOSC)

To implement high performance computing in the research agendas, the CYBER team is working with the Hawai‘i Open Supercomputing Center (HOSC). HOSC is operated by the Maui High Performance Computing Center (MHPCC), a DOD Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRC) and managed by the University of Hawaii HOSC provides access to the new Jaws system, a Dell PowerEdge 1955 blade server cluster, 3.0 GHz, with 4 cores per node. The nodes are connected via Cisco SDR Infiniband, running at 10Gbits/sec (peak), with a shared working disk space available through Lustre parallel filesystem. These resources are now located outside of the DOD firewalls and are more easily accessible to the general university computing community. All CYBER faculty have opened accounts with HOSC.

Goal 4: Catalyze Institutional Transformation and Human Capacity Development.

Lassner has been supporting the UH System President’s Advisory Committee on Innovation and in particular, the emerging interest in developing a focus related to computational science and engineering that is variously been referred to as “data analytics” and “smart software.” This initiative will be melded with the computational science thrust called for by the NSF EPSCoR program in their Reverse Site Visit (RSV).

To develop and improve the general scientific computing curriculum, initially at UH Hilo, and ultimately throughout the UH system, the various goals of the CYBER team include: • Improve the existing computer science curriculum to prepare students to participate in scientific computing

careers, to participate in cross-disciplinary research, or to pursue graduate education in scientific disciplines requiring expertise in computer science.

• Improve the computing skills of students in other scientific disciplines such as biology, chemistry, physics, or astronomy.

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• Implement and introduce cross-disciplinary computing courses focusing on the application of computational thinking to various scientific fields.

RSV Recommendation 4 – The panel recommends the development of a state-wide and system-wide computational science undergraduate degree as one means of educating a diverse group of undergraduate students.

The first major step toward these goals was the development of a new bioinformatics course at UH Hilo, offered for the first time during the Spring 2011 semester (UH Mānoa already has a well-established, but distributed bioinformatics curriculum, mainly at the graduate level). UH Hilo’s bioinformatics course, taught by Dr. Michael Peterson of the computer science department, included undergraduates from computer science and biology as well as graduate students from the tropical conservation biology and environmental science (TCBES) master’s program. Students learned how to apply computer science algorithms and techniques to molecular biology problems including genomic sequence alignment, gene discovery, gene expression analysis, and protein structure prediction. Students also learned how to use online bioinformatics resources, such as the various databases hosted by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The course was well received by students.

RSV Recommendation #8: The panel recommends that the CYBER team add computation science research components related to modeling, high performance computing, and cyberinfrastructure integration into the current set of infrastructure-focuses activities.

In the future, we hope to expand the set of computational courses that cut across disciplinary bounds. At UH Hilo, we are considering the creation of a degree certificate program in a new discipline we are calling computational biogeography. This program will explore the intersection of biology, geography, and computer science to explore the differences that arise in species at a molecular level across geographical gradients. We are likely to submit a funding proposal for curriculum development and research at this interdisciplinary junction to the NSF at some point within the next year.

We are considering the development of new general education courses to improve the computing skills of natural science students (possible topics include databases/SQL with MS Access for scientific data or introduction to Python programming for scientific applications) though proposal of such courses requires the approval of the campus-wide general education committee. If successful, such courses can be ported to other campuses in the UH System. We are also refining the existing CS curriculum at UH Hilo to increase exposure to scientific computing topics. As an example, during the Fall 2010 semester, Dr. Peterson introduced a new Data Mining course focusing on topics including classification clustering, and association analysis. Such topics can be widely applied to data analysis across many scientific disciplines.

Our scientific computing curriculum and course development activities have a direct impact on the training of both undergraduate and graduate students at UH Hilo to participate in computational scientific research activities. To date, these activities have impacted undergraduate students in computer science and biology as well as graduate students in our TCBES master’s program, though future course offerings will impact students from a wider range of disciplines. Many of the computational jobs on Hawai‘i Island are science oriented – major employers include the various astronomic observatories and the USDA Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center. Our curriculum reaches a diverse group, including students of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander ancestry, as well as students from other groups underrepresented in STEM disciplines. By improving the scientific computing curriculum, we will improve our student’s opportunities for local employment.

CYBER facilities, Education and Training

Spatial Data Analysis Lab

The EPSCoR Spatial Data Analysis Lab at UH Hilo supports workforce development in geospatial technologies through direct training services to faculty, researchers, students and community as well as indirectly supporting students and researchers in the TCBES masters and DEW programs. For example, the TCBES Masters students receive technology training through workshops and courses that are offered through the lab. These students heavily utilize advanced technology research workstations to conduct their research in support of the EPSCoR research agenda. This aids in building a bridge between cybertechnology and ECOGEM and ENDER research as

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faculty members may not always know how to adopt cybertechology into their research. Further, the lab supports training programs and internships offered by DEW to develop technologically savvy students.

Activities at the Spatial Data Analysis Labs (SDAL) during reporting year two are undeviating support of cooperative activities between EPSCoR, K-20 entities, and state, federal, and private research on the Island of Hawai‘i, fulfilling one of the Cyberinfrastructure’s key outcomes. The SDAL accomplishments aim to enhance and sustain Hawai‘i’s science and technology enterprise through efforts in education, workforce development, and community outreach. SDAL partners with faculty, students, researchers, agencies, and the community through: • Providing use of the Spatial Data Analysis

Laboratory server complex and computer hardware and software for participants

• Providing trainings (one-on-one or group) • Providing personnel to assist with analysis • Providing the use of geospatial equipment

for in-field data collection • Providing geoweb hosting

Through the Spatial Data Analysis Lab, students and interns are introduced and mentored in utilizing geospatial technologies in their research and training. Programs such as PIPES and Nā Pua No‘eau rely on the lab to support both technology internships and training. Lisa Canale (CYBER) and Noe Puniwai (DEW) often team teach technology programs to youth K-20 programs.

The SDAL also supports technology training for Native Hawaiian students through the Keaholoa student scholars program. In Feb 2011, one of these students presented at the Emerging Researchers National Conference in STEM in Washington, DC.

Many of UH Hilo undergraduate students are working informally with EPSCoR and other faculty on technology projects that utilizes the significant resource that the SDAL facility provides. These opportunities often result in poster presentations or oral presentations at conferences and other venues.

Through both its formal and informal support SDAL is building a geospatial tech savvy cadre of students and working professionals.

The UHH Spatial Data Analysis Labs’ instructional facility has dual-use during the academic year supporting professional development and also the geospatial science curriculum at UH Hilo. This academic year, Fall 2010 & Spring 2011, the following courses utilized the facilities

Undergraduate Courses:

• Special Topic: Nature and Society in Contemporary Sāmoa (ANTH/ENSC/GEOG 494) • Special Topic: Vegetation Environment of Hawai’i (ENSC 494) • Plants Interpretation of Geographic Data (GEOG 201) • Natural Hazards and Disasters (GEOG 319)

SDAL Professional Development Courses

• GPS and GIS for Natural Resource Managers with David Benitez for the State of Hawai’i Department of Land and Natural Resources on Hawai’i Island – April 2010

• Introduction to GPS Lisa Canale – April 2010 • GPS to GIS with Lisa Canale – April 2010 • Introduction to ArcGIS Tracking Analyst – April 2010 • Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes International

Training Course in Volcano Hazards Monitoring – Hosting six instructional modules given by world-class volcanologists – June 2010

• NSF Ultra-EX Project on Material Flows and Consumption on the Island of Hawai’i presented by Marian Chertow and Ezekiel Fugate from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies – June 2010

• Introduction to Drupal with Darrel Kim – Sept. 2011 • Understanding Projections for ArcGIS with John

Schaeffer –February 2011 • Working with ArcGIS ModelBuilder with John Schaeffer

– February 2011 • Understanding Projections for ArcGIS with John

Schaeffer – February 2011

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• Cultural Geography (GEOG 328) • Introduction to Land Use Planning (GEOG 340) • Environmental Impact Assessment (GEOG 441) • Geographic Information Systems and Visualization (GEOG 480) • Advance Geo-Spatial Techniques (GEOG 481)• Project Management (MGT 341)

GraduateCourses:

• Geographic Information Systems & Visualization (CBES 670) • Spatial Data Analysis & Modeling (CBES 694).

There were also two GEOG 399/499 independent studies courses and many students using the facilities for micro-project for other courses such as Invasive Species and Ecosystems (NRES398) and Geography and Marine Science Senior Seminars. The students also received geospatial teaching assistant support and tutoring.

The Spatial Data Analysis Lab (SDAL) has become the go-to location for community experts to host their outreach and training events. For example the following organizations have worked in partnership with SDAL to host classes, workshops and seminars: Three Mountain Alliance, Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes, Pacific GPS, ESRI, Juniper GIS, and DOWFA Hawai‘i. Further, CYBER provides community based outreach programs to introduce K-20 students and adult learners to computer technology – an example of a recent outreach activity was our team’s presence at Ocean Day facilitated by Lisa Canale. Table 3 presents an overview of many of the support activities completed by the SDAL team.

Table 3: SDAL Research & Student Support Activities Native Hawaiian & Other Under-represented Minority Student Enrichment support & K-20 outreach:

• Keaholoa Scholars Program – Supported over 10 scholars for the past year. Spring 2010- Spring 2011 • Introduction to Spatial and Temporal Visualization with Lisa Canale for Keaau Middle School - April 2010 • Pacific Internship Programs for Exploring Science - July 2010 • Nā Pua No’eau Pathways Summer Institute - July 2010 • Introduction to Data Collection using Global Positioning System with Lisa Canale and Noelani Puniwai for 'Imi Pono no ka 'Āina Spring Returnees - March 2011 • Introduction to Geographic Information Science and Mapping Techniques using GPS collected data with Lisa Canale for 'Imi Pono no ka 'Āina Spring Break Returnees – March 2011

UH Hilo TCBES Graduate Student research support:

Julian Dendy, Erik Johnson, Seth Judge, Toni Makaniokekai Gregg, Eric Hansen, Tony Kovach, Tom McFarland, Rebecca Most, Alicia Rhoades, Brett Rodomsky, Shauna Kēhaunani Tom, Maria Van Zandt, and Joanna Wu.

UH Hilo Faculty (non-EPSCoR) research support: • Dr. James Anderson – Geological Society of America Insights into Pliocene strain rates in the Klickitat River area of the Columbia River Flood Basalt Province, Washington; • Dr. Bill Mautz - An Invasive Anolis Lizard 20 Years Resident on Oahu Finds New Accommodation at the Big Island Four Seasons Hualalai Resort; • Drs. Jim and Sonia Juvik – State of Hawai’i Office of Planning Stormwater Impact Assessment Study; • Dr. Lynn Morrison – County of Hawai’i Police Department Domestic Violence and Social Inequalities: A GIS-based study in Hilo, Hawai’i; • Dr. Jon Price – USGS & Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; • Dr. Don Thomas – SOEST Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes (CSAV) based at UHH - US Department of Energy Geothermal Database Project.

Partner Agency & Undergraduate Internship placement and geospatial support: • County of Hawai’i Civil Defense – Geography & Environmental Studies undergraduate Nick Turner; • County of Hawai’i Office of Planning – Geography & Environmental Studies undergraduates Ferdinand Goetz and A.J. White and Physics undergraduate Michealene Iaukea-Lum; • Intelesense Technologies – Computer Science undergraduate Asael Temple

• USGS Hawai’i Volcano Observatory – Geography & Environmental Studies undergraduates Jacob Yung & Holly Miller;

• US Department of Energy - Geology undergraduate Derek Salinas.

County of Hawai’i Department of Research and Development: • Geoweb mapping support & hosting of the interactive digital Aquaculture & Agriculture Crop Models.

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CYBER Inter-Team Service Support One of the responsibilities of the CYBER team is to assist and facilitate inter-team activities through a broad range of support services and collaborations. This can best be illustrated by reviewing a number of projects that team members and their students are undertaking in conjunction with internal and external participants and collaborators. The CYBER team is an integral part of the following projects that are embracing technological innovation:

ECOGEM Support – CYBER is assisting the ECOGEM team to develop a database system to track the collection and archiving of biological specimens. With the support of CYBER technician Kohei Miyagi (UH Hilo) and direction of Donald Price (UH Hilo), the database is near completion and highlights features such as a web front end and data visualization tool that allows researchers to track the locations that their samples were collected using the Google Maps APIs.

ENDER Support - Jim Beets (UH Hilo) and Jason Adolf (UH Hilo) and the CYBER team are working towards the development of an interactive and graphical display of real-time data of Marine Buoy and Sonde data and linking this with other external online data sensors to compare measurements on an interactive graph.

The CYBER technician, Kohei Miyagi is working with ENDER to support data collection, telemetry, QA/QC, databasing, and web-delivery efforts with Campbell weather station data. A prototype of a database to contain the weather station sensor data is being developed by CYBER in the Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository along with a prototype graphical display.

DEW Support - CYBER team members are working with the DEW team to design and implement a database to track the academic and long-term progress of K-20 students who participate in STEM activities throughout Hawai‘i. A state-wide K-20 STEM website with automated calendar system and events database is also under development. CYBER Programmer Vahid Ajimine developed the relational model and database schema for this initiative according to DEW team input.

External Projects: Other projects related to the IMUA III CYBER effort have been undertaken without direct EPSCoR support. These projects all contribute to the overall research and education goals of the project and contribute to active collaborations and the future sustainability of IMUA III activities. Some of these projects include:

Hilo continuous GPS site (HILR). Through a partnership with UH Mānoa School of Ocean, Earth Science & Technology and NOAA, the CYBER team’s contribution of wireless radios and installation personnel implemented a new continuous GPS reference site in Hilo. The site is now collecting data and is under review to be a new CORS site with the NOAA National Geodetic Survey (NGS).

County of Hawai‘i Agriculture & Aquaculture Geo-web Mapping Services. The agriculture service was created by Redlands Institute for The Kohala Center, and the aquaculture service is in development by UH Hilo College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Management’s PACRC. The HGDR is currently hosting these two geo-web mapping services as part of our production launch.

Diversity, Education and Workforce Development (DEW) Team

The focus of the IMUA III DEW team is to build and strengthen programs, partnerships, and collaborations that bring more diverse audiences into STEM events, studies and careers. DEW has grown and matured over the first two years of IMUA III, as both the research and the educational programs have developed. In Year 2 the DEW team strengthened its strategic plan to focus on the following three comprehensive goals.

Goal 1: Facilitate participation of Native Hawaiians and other underrepresented minorities in IMUA III and other Hawai‘i science outreach and research efforts.

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Goal 2: Facilitate STEM outreach and collaborate with other IMUA III teams on strategies to initiate and build partnerships with different audiences (community, agencies, organizations and students) for STEM efforts statewide.

Goal 3: Conduct and disseminate research identifying best practices in supporting the success of Native Hawaiian and other underrepresented minorities in STEM higher education.

In Year 2, the DEW team was joined by the Pacific Island Programs for Exploring Science (PIPES) at UH Hilo when Nā Pua No‘eau stepped down from the program to focus on other efforts. The revised goals build on the considerable strengths of the DEW team, focus on formalizing strong STEM experiences for students in partnership with research teams, and direct greater attention on building public/private partnerships throughout the state that attract and retain more Native Hawaiians and members of other underrepresented groups in STEM fields.

DEW goals are being achieved through IMUA III research team efforts that directly link diverse audiences with research activities (described in those sections), as well as through participation in DEW programs that focus on recruiting and retaining diverse groups into the STEM pipeline. To these ends, DEW provided significant support for research experiences for undergraduates through Year 2. DEW staff recruited and mentored five EPSCoR-supported interns at Kapi‘olani Community College (KCC); provided support for research experiences for another 46 students (18 of who were members of underrepresented minorities). PIPES, a program that focuses on recruitment of local students, is currently planning at least 38 summer research internships with UH faculty and agency partners, including 6 with IMUA III researchers. DEW is also building capacity within UH to better mentor and support students. In Fall 2010 DEW and CYBER teams worked together to provide mentor training for researchers and undergraduate assistants. DEW worked statewide with the LSAMP Islands of Opportunity Alliance to recruit students into programs. The DEW team worked with the UH Hilo Keaholoa STEM TCUP program to provide year-round mentoring for Native Hawaiian students participating in research experiences. UH Hilo’s recently renewed NSF-sponsored Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) site program, the PIPES program, and IMUA III research teams will be hosting interns in summer 2011. DEW is also been assisting the NSF-supported Pacific Undergraduate Research Experience in Math (PURE Math) to develop their program design and recruitment strategy and will interconnect the two intern groups during the summer.

In addition to research experiences, IMUA III teams partnered with other programs to diversify participation in K-20 STEM programs by leveraging resources and staff. DEW worked with the Pālolo community on O‘ahu, a predominantly Pacific Islander community, to develop the Pālolo Science Discovery Center using IMUA III support. DEW worked with Sea Grant on Hawai‘i Island to bring hands-on STEM ocean and coastal sciences inland to the Kea‘au Elementary school. Marine ENDER participant Caitlin Kryss, worked with a local high school group on marine science projects and mentored at-risk, predominantly Native Hawaiian graduating seniors with the Lanakila Learning Center. ECOGEM on O‘ahu worked with community partners to engage local students in research internships at He‘eia Fishpond through HIMB’s NSF-sponsored Laulima ‘Ike Pono Program. IMUA III researchers on Hawai‘i Island have hosted PIPES interns as well as worked with students from the UH Hilo NSF-funded Centers of Research Excellence and Technology (CREST) program and with the Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science (TCBES) graduate program, indicating a strong commitment to

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encouraging the success of underrepresented students in STEM studies. These activities demonstrate a high level of integration between IMUA teams and other funded programs in Hawai‘i.

IMUA III, with leadership from the Community Advisory Committee (CAC, see below) and growing linkages to the research teams and STEM programs pipeline in Hawai‘i, is beginning to show evidence of more Native Hawaiians and members of other underrepresented minorities succeeding in STEM.

Workforce Development An important aspect of IMUA III’s efforts is to integrate the local community with STEM workforce initiatives. Again, workforce development efforts that link students to research opportunities are described in the research sections of this report. Educational programs, as part of IMUA III workforce development initiatives, are focused on preparing Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and other students from underrepresented groups early in the educational continuum for careers in STEM. Feedback received from the RSV increased our energies toward middle school and other K-12 audiences. In Year2, DEW led or participated in the following:

RSV Recommendation 5 – The panel recommends development of a Nā Pua No‘eau-like Summer Institute for middle school students.

Nā Pua No‘eau developed an exemplary two-week, residential Summer Institute for 41 students from six Hawaiian Islands. One student was in the 8th grade, 19 were in 9th, 19 were in 10th, and two were in 11th grade. The theme for the Institute was “What will Hawai‘i look like in 25 years and how can we maintain sustainability in our islands?” Institute near-term goals included: 1) Raising students’ career and educational aspirations; 2) Increasing students’ confidence in their potential and abilities; 3) Increasing students’ appreciation of Hawaiian culture; 4) Increasing students’ knowledge of what it takes to reach their goals. Long-term goals included: 1) More Native Hawaiians choose natural science majors at the university and college level; and 2) More Native Hawaiians enter the natural science and environmental science professions. The subjects presented in the Institute included forest, terrestrial, and marine ecology, conservation biology, watersheds, water quality, water connectivity, and land relationships. Planning has begun for summer middle school programs in 2011 through the leadership of UH Hilo DEW and KCC STEM programs in their respective communities (Keaukaha, Pālolo Valley). Details regarding these programs will be reported in Year 3.

The Archimedes Hawai‘i “Makery” Project provided four two-week Professional Development workshops for a total of 20 teachers and teacher support personnel during summer 2010. Three of the workshops focused on training teachers to integrate computer-aided design (CAD), computer assisted Manufacturing (CAM), and computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines into classroom and after-school project activities. The fourth workshop focused on training teachers to teach students to build electric Hawaiian steel guitars. Workshop participants included three teachers from DOE public schools, 13 teachers and support staff from public charter schools, and 6 individuals who support a variety of school and student outreach activities. Nine of the workshop participants were supported by EPSCoR, six were supported by an NSF EAGER grant, and 13 were supported by the Hawai‘i Charter Schools Administration Office. The goal for the EPSCoR funded Professional Development for teachers in Year 2 was to establish a basic infrastructure of trained personnel and equipment to enable a broad range of educational and outreach activities during the rest of the IMUA III project. The selection of EPSCoR participants was based on geographical distribution and diversity of application areas. The Makery is receiving recognition as a STEM education and workforce training project in the local print and broadcast media (see: http://www.civilbeat.com/posts/2011/05/09/10841-hawaiis-first-community-makery-debuts-in-palolo/ , http://www.civilbeat.com/articles/2011/04/05/10152-makery-could-encourage-hawaii-entrepreneurship/ , and http://www.hawaiipublicradio.org/content/bytemarks-cafe-june-1-2011

The Second Annual Farrington-Kaiser-Kalani Complex Middle School Science Fair– held February 12, 2011 at Kapi‘olani Community College engaged seven schools from the adjacent KCC community on campus. A total of 123 middle school students and 17 5th graders participated.

Hands-on Science Visit- UH Hilo Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Center (PACRC): 128 Kea‘au 4th grade Elementary School students visited PACRC on March 1, 2011. This was a custom outreach event designed for 6 groups of approximately 30 students each to rotate through 6 different activity stations simultaneously. The

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experience exposed participants to PACRC’s aquaculture research, allowed them to participate in a stranded/injured marine mammal beach response and learn about daily operations of the Hawai‘i Cetacean Response Facility, and taught them about marine species and microorganisms by viewing some of the species cultured at the facility with microscopes and handling macrofauna in touch tanks. The stations are being adapted for future tours.

DEW hosted the KCC STEM Internship Expo on November 30, 2010. The event attracted university and workforce partners and provided 120 students with close-up view of educational and employment opportunities.

IMUA III research teams also offered programs focused on engaging students in the STEM workforce pipeline. These included:

In Fall 2010, ENDER team leader Giambelucca engaged his senior-level undergraduate class in providing 10 STEM outreach visits to a local public elementary school. Presentations included EPSCoR-supported research activities related to water processes, hands-on learning activities, and group research projects using basic weather stations built by the project.

A challenge that has been identified is the best way to measure the impact of these workforce development efforts such that in the lifetime of the EPSCoR RII, we are able to study program impacts. How do you measure success when the target audience is middle school aged kids? How does participation in these efforts impact participants’ performance in STEM in K-12? College? Better tools and surveys are being researched between DEW and Admin teams to quantify and collect this information for IMUA III.

B.2.2 Diversity, Broadening Participation, Community Engagement, and Institutional Collaboration B.2.2.1 Broadening Participation RSV Recommendation #7: The panel recommends that community support be made part of the

sustainability plan since the complex interactions between University researchers and the local communities present a significant challenge.

Since the beginning of IMUA III, cross-team and internal academic, and research collaborations have been developed for the research team efforts. These collaborations, such as the ENDER partnership with USDA Forest Service are highlighted in other parts of this report. The revised DEW team has also worked with research teams to help build partnerships with various groups and community engagement has been enhanced significantly during Year 2 as described below:

Community Advisory Committee (CAC) In response to the Reverse Site Visit Recommendations (RSV), a new group of individuals has been recruited to serve on the Community Advisory Committee.

RSV Recommendation #3 – The panel recommends that the EPSCoR team place its highest priority on engaging the local community in their project. The panel recommends the inclusion of social scientists and/or other experts in the program to bring focus to this area.

RSV Recommendation #9 –The panel recommends that the team revisits and re-develops their plan for a Community Advisory Committee composed of revered Hawaiian leaders, community elders, respected community practitioners and cultural experts.

Established in October 2010, the reorganized CAC met several times to understand their role and to determine their approach to the project. The CAC’s role in this project is to: • Help ensure that science is respectful of the host Hawaiian culture. • Share community perspectives, culture, and values with researchers. • Provide advice and guidance so that research is conducted in a culturally appropriate manner. • Share place-based knowledge to enhance engagement of the local community. • Help ensure sustainable benefits to our community. • Provide recommendations to the Principal Investigator and all designated EPSCoR personnel.

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The approach taken by the CAC is guided by Nānā i ke kumu: look to the source. The source Hawaiian culture has developed through localized research and experimentation. These indigenous knowledge and practices should be respected since they have sustained a culture and environment for over fourteen centuries. The CAC members feel a responsibility to embrace and share this valuable history and culture with the researchers and towards that end have articulated a vision and mission for the CAC. The CAC’s unity of vision and commitment to facilitating a meaningful dialogue between the community and scientists was demonstrated at their initial meeting in October 2010 where their vision and mission statements were developed in under 30 minutes. The CAC has assumed a strong sense of purpose and is guided by a clearly articulated vision and mission. The incorporation of the following outcomes into the EPSCoR Hawai‘i Strategic Plan, experimental design, research proposals, and evaluation will be evidence of their success. • Researchers will have an appreciation of indigenous Hawaiian knowledge, methods and culture. • Research is compatible with cultural and community objectives. • Research is responsive to cultural and community concerns. • Efficacy of the education, outreach and scientific activities of the research teams is enhanced. • Community understanding of scientific research and appreciation for STEM education in Hawai‘i is

increased. • Research knowledge is shared with and provides benefit to the community. Since October, the development and functioning of the CAC has been and will continue to be a learning and sharing experience for all. We will learn about each other through our discussion or kūkā. We will learn about each other through the sharing our food, pū‘ai. We will learn about each other through the sharing our ideas, or piha pono ka mana‘o. The CAC has rapidly engaged with Teams and Researchers in a kūkā– discussion, talk story – eight times since inception and have submitted written reports to the Principal Investigator Dr. Jim Gaines. Participants walk away with a greater understanding and appreciation of each other. These meetings build sections of the bridge we are constructing between scientists, students, and technicians and the community. After each meeting with researchers, the CAC devotes time to evaluate the exchange, develop their report, and identify areas to be fine-tuned in future consultations. A summary of CAC reports and recommendations can be found in Appendix K. Composition of the CAC In the Hawaiian perspective, age is an important aspect of the entire life cycle. A special status of Kupuna – source, grandparent, ancestor, elder – is conferred upon those elders who give back to the community. Three members of this committee were born in the mid-1930s, two in the 1950s, and two in the 1960s reflecting an amazing wealth of knowledge and collective wisdom, and breadth and depth of expertise and experiences. The members of the CAC are listed in Table 4.

Community Advisory Committee Vision & Mission Vision. A strong, sustainable, diverse and ethical Hawai‘i EPSCoR research community.

Mission. Assist and encourage Hawai‘i EPSCoR participants to understand, respect, honor, and adopt Hawaiian practices which include doing no harm and ensuring sustainable benefits to our community throughout every step of the research process.

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Table 4: The Hawai‘i EPSCoR CAC

Name Affiliation

Henry Gomes Science Liaison, EPSCoR; Luna Ho‘ohana, Ke Ke‘ena O Nā Papahana ‘Ōiwi Hawai‘ (Director, Office of Native Hawaiian Partnerships), Chaminade University of Honolulu

Charles “Charlie” Rose Retired, Community Activist, Ex-Officio Hawaiian Civic Clubs

Dr. RaeDeen Keahiolalo-Karasuda Senior Research Associate, Research and Evaluation Division, Kamehameha Schools

Daniel Naho‘opi‘i First Vice President, O‘ahu Council of the Association of Hawaiian Civic Clubs

Leona Seto-Mook MBA/CPA Consultant, LSM Consultants LLC; Faculty, University of Phoenix; former Alu Like Inc. Board Director & Treasurer, former PATCH Board Director & Treasurer

Edna Baldado Community Health Education Coordinator, Hui Mālama Ola Nā ‘Ōiwi, Native Hawaiian Health Care; former Staff Nurse, Hilo Medical Center, Intensive Care, Cardiac Care, Med-Surg; Site Nurse, Peace Corps Training program

Louis Hao

Keaukaha/Pana‘ewa Farmer’s Association Representative; Retired Executive Assistant to Maui County Managing Director; former Maui County Services Administrator; former Executive Assistant to Maui County Mayor; Human Services Center Manager; former Office of Hawaiian Affairs Trustee

The CAC reports to the Principal Investigator, Dr. James Gaines. In addition, two individuals have agreed to serve in an ex-officio capacity as follows: • Hawai‘i EPSCoR Administrative Liaison to the CAC is Mr. David Lovell, Director, Research Administration

and Project Development, Research Corporation of the University of Hawai‘i. Mr. Lovell also serves as the Project Administrator.

• Hawai‘i EPSCoR Community Outreach Liaison to the CAC is Dr. Michael Hamnett, Executive Director, Research Corporation of the University of Hawai‘i. Dr. Hamnett serves the CAC as a Social Scientist, and is the former Director of the Social Science Research Institute of the University of Hawai‘i.

• Hawai‘i EPSCoR Community Outreach Associate to the CAC is Megan Pachecano. Ms. Pachecano supports the CAC with logistics, agendas, meetings, administration, fiscal matters, and serves as the primary facilitator between the science teams and the CAC.

RSV Recommendation 3 – The panel recommends that the EPSCoR team place its highest priority on engaging the local community in their project. The panel recommends the inclusion of social scientists and/or other experts in the program to bring focus to this area.

The seven members of the CAC are comprised of four males and three females; all seven members are Native Hawaiian. In response to RSV Recommendation #3, Henry Gomes and ex-officio member Mike Hamnett bring the social science perspective sought by the RSV Panel. Because of their direct involvement in the CAC and community outreach activities, their observations and resulting recommendations can be quickly adopted by the project leadership.

B.2.2.2 Institutional Collaboration Highlights of key collaborations are presented below. A complete list of Collaborators can be found in Appendix C.

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PACES-HIMB Summer Program – A collaboration between Windward Community College (WCC) and HIMB has fostered an environmental education program that currently receives funding from the H. K. Castle Foundation, the Minami Foundation, American Hawai‘i, Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i, and the state of Hawai‘i. This program is an intensive six-week program providing selected Hawaii high school juniors and seniors with hands-on education and research experiences in environmental science. The program provides classroom, laboratory, and field instruction in environmental science using facilities at WCC and HIMB. The core genomics laboratory is a critical component of the curriculum and students are awarded 1 University credit for their efforts in this program. The program for this reporting period has reached 24 high school students and will reach an additional 24 students this summer.

ECOGEM Student Collaborations: Megan Donahue, ECOGEM faculty member at HIMB, and Nyssa Silbiger, ECOGEM supported graduate student are collaborating with Cornell University in the use of the MicroCT facility to calculate the bioerosion rate of corals. Ruth Gates and Emilia Sogin, ECOGEM supported graduate student, is working with David Horgen at the Hawaiì Pacific University to examine the metabolites of Hawaiian corals under different environmental conditions. Moreover, Ms. Sogin participated in a collaborative project with the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium in Taiwan through an NSF EAGER grant to examine the effects of thermal stress on the metabolite profiles of Pacific corals.

Big Island Water Resources Meeting - EPSCoR ENDER, DEW, CYBER, ECOGEM & USDA Institute for Pacific Island Forestry (IPIF) partners. The 1st Annual Big Island Water Resources Meeting was held on March 21st, 2011 for the purpose of bringing researchers and managers together to share information about their past, current or future projects regarding freshwater and coastal water resources on Hawai‘i Island. Funding for logistical coordination of the meeting was provided by USDA Forest Service IPIF and in support of its partnership with the EPSCoR ENDER, DEW and CYBER teams. Points of contact and organizers for the meeting were Dr. Tracy Wiegner, UH Hilo Marine Science (ENDER) and Noelani Puniwai, Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center (DEW). Sixty attendees met for a day of discussions and presentations, with 39 of the attendees giving oral presentations. Participants included members from UH Hilo and UH Mānoa, including EPSCoR research teams, as well as from Hawai‘i County, Hawai‘i State (Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Division of Aquatic Resources, Department of Health), Federal agencies USGS, USDA Forest Service, US Fish & Wildlife Service, National Park Service, and nine other Universities and non-profit organizations. A list of attendees, the final agenda and presentations are posted on the IMUA III website. Participants explored how to include a broader audience in these discussions. There was a strong interest within the group to continue discussions, work together to produce educational materials, formally organize an advisory committee, and develop stronger relationships between researchers and managers.

The CYBER team has been collaborating with Louisiana State University (LSU) on HDF5 software development for strategies to support diverse file formats for scientific data management. HDF5 supports data transfer and sharing between diverse disciplines. Drs. Peterson and Delparte from the CYBER team submitted a team proposal to NSF that was initially rejected. However, we will be looking at re-submission opportunities to address the shortcomings in the initial proposal. This proposal included participation from a multi-disciplinary group from areas of computer science, geography, astronomy, engineering and private sector partners.

NSF CCLI SENCER Symposium “Resources, Energy, and Island Sustainability- First Year Science Reform” was held at Kapi‘olani Community College (KCC), Oct 7-9, 2010. The KCC Office for Institutional Effectiveness (Robert Franco (DEW) and Vannida Phommachanh) partnered with the NSF SENCER Center for Innovation-West (SCI-WEST), KCC STEM, KCC Service-Learning, Youth Service Hawai‘i, IMUA III, Hawai‘i-Pacific Island Campus Compact, and the UH Mānoa College of Engineering to conduct a 3-day Symposium on “Energy, Resources, and Island Sustainability” on the KCC campus. The symposium opened with Hawaiian cultural and environmental expert, Ramsay Taum, presenting on “Water: A Hawaiian and Pacific Island Perspective.” This presentation framed the symposium focus on first and second year curriculum reform aimed at engaging students in complex and far ranging civic issues that students will need to confront as scientifically literate citizens. The NSF SENCER national initiative has shown that engaging students in the broader civic context of their science content results in improved student learning gains, KCC has integrated civic issues such as environmental

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conservation (ahupua‘a and oceanic), alternative energy (biofuels), and food safety into its first year STEM curriculum.

UH Hilo STEM Advisory Board- Collaboration among STEM programs at UH Hilo to develop better-coordinated services to students interested in STEM. Monthly meetings are focused on establishment of a STEM Resource Center on campus to serve as a one-stop shop for students interested in a STEM degree or program, as well as faculty interested in developing student programs or recruiting students. In the April meeting it was announced that the effort had been offered space in the new Science and Technology building. DEW will work with the UH Hilo Research Office and other STEM programs to develop a staffing and work plan for the office to be established in Spring 2012

UHH ENDER scientist, Jason Adolf, has established new collaborations with UHM scientists and federal agency scientist (USFS) to investigate microplankton responses to nutrient sources in anchialine ponds and coastal marine environments. Dr. Adolf and his graduate student, Judy Walker, have expanded the research potential of the RII-supplied flow cytometer with additional training and preparing for integration of fluorometry.

B.2.3 Workforce Development Included under B.2.1Diversity, Education and Workforce Development (DEW) Team

B.2.4 Cyberinfrastructure Included under B.2.1Cyberinfrastructure (CYBER) Team

B.2.5 Outreach and Communication IMUA III efforts have participated in numerous outreach avenues to extend research and STEM education information to the public. Many of these are described in more detail in the research team sections, and additional efforts targeted by the DEW and Admin teams are given here:

RSV Recommendation #7: The panel recommends that community support be made part of the sustainability plan since the complex interactions between University researchers and the local communities present a significant challenge.

Public Events.DEW team members operated a STEM Exploration table at Nā Pua No‘eau’s Family Affair in March 2011. DEW staffed an interactive table focused on exploring ideas and themes related to IMUA III research. Over 500 families attended this community day at UH Hilo and DEW’s table incorporated ENDER watershed research results into their outreach activities. DEW also worked with university, student and community partners to plan and coordinate the large Ocean Day Hawai‘i 2011 event that highlighted IMUA III research for the East Hawai‘i community. That event drew over 1,500. Through its partnership with the NWHI-HIMB outreach effort, ECOGEM participated in 12 community events reaching over 700 people in the past 6 months and 33 events in 2010 reaching over 5,000 people. Their participation included interactive tables demonstrating science activities, tools and HIMB research initiatives. Events included Ocean FEST at four different schools and other venues.

Community Meetings. The ENDER Terrestrial and Marine teams met with the Kīholo Advisory Committee on October 23, 2010. The Kīholo Advisory Committee is a citizen’s group interested in local resource use and sustainability. The Terrestrial team has modified its research methods (e.g. marking plots) following the CAC feedback and has engaged in the discussions about the value of the research to the local community. In March 2011, ENDER Marine and Terrestrial researchers, Jim Beets and Becky Ostertag hosted a community meeting at Kaloko-Honokōhau to inform the public, KAHO National Park Service staff, members of the IMUA III CAC team, and members of the IMUA III Administrative team about the ENDER research activities in progress and planned at the research site. After the lunch, the group brainstormed on mechanisms of information dissemination, and improving communication between researchers and the community. In March 2011, ENDER graduate student, Rebecca Most, met with the Makani Hou o Kaloko-Honokōhau community group to discuss the ENDER projects in the National Park. The Makani Hou community group is affiliated with the Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park. Rebecca Most visited with the group and presented on ENDER marine project plans, including the marine buoy within the park.

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Symposia. The Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science (TCBES) graduate program at the University of Hawai‘i at Hilo hosts an annual symposium where graduate students and faculty have an opportunity to present their research. This event is open to the public. IMUA III supported graduate students, Judy Walker and Erik Johnson presented preliminary findings from their projects on marine phytoplankton dynamics; and primary production, respiration and net ecosystem metabolism, respectively, at the two marine plots.

B.2.6 Evaluation and Assessment In this section we address the reports of the IMUA III Evaluation Team, the NSF Reverse Site Visit Panel (RSV), and the report of the external Monitoring and Assessment Panel (MAP). A comprehensive overview of the recommendations by these is presented in Table 6. IMUA III Evaluation Team The evaluation was conducted by a team of professional, independent evaluators from the UH Mānoa Office for Evaluation and Needs Assessment Services, under the guidance of Dr. Judith K. Inazu, Associate Director of the Social Science Research Institute (SSRI) and Director of the Office for Evaluation in the Institute. Dr. Inazu is responsible for evaluating three EPSCoR awards to Hawai‘i, Track 1: 0903833, Track 2: 0919607, and C2: 1007033, a Science and Technology Center grant (Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education), and NIH awards, including the IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence. One part-time, PhD student, Adam Ayers, and one UH graduate, Dr. JD Baker, are part of the evaluation team and have prior experience with EPSCoR. Both have strengths in research methods, evaluation, and computer technology.

Progress towards the goals of EPSCoR IMUA III was measured using a combination of formative (process-based) and summative (outcome-based) methodology. The focus of evaluation efforts in year one was primarily formative, since significant time and effort was devoted to strategic plan updates, the reverse site visit and responding to their reviews, monitoring team and cross-team meetings, and interactions between research teams and the CAC. However, with research activities now underway, publications, presentations, and grants awarded to IMUA III researchers are now also included in the evaluation report. These productivity measures are likely to increase in future years as research activities mature. State and national level extramural awards are also reported to provide preliminary data on whether the RII award is increasing the competitiveness of Hawai‘i’s research enterprise. The full evaluation report is included as Appendix M. Key findings included: the need to improve communication within teams and across UH campuses, the need to be vigilant in building research collaborations needed for better project data management and community engagement in the IMUA III program from educational activities to the research initiatives. Many of the Evaluation report recommendations paralleled the RSV and MAP recommendations. (See Table 6for major issues, recommendations, and actions taken by the IMUA leadership and the UH System.)

RSV Recommendation #6 – The panel recommends that the team utilize an independent, external evaluator, as described in the solicitation NSF 08-597.

A Request for Proposals (RFP) to provide evaluation services for Hawai‘i EPSCoR was approved by the university procurement office and released on January 21, 2011. This RFP includes evaluation of this Track-1 award as well as the EPSCoR Track-2 and C-2 awards. The RFP called for start date for a tentative start date of a new evaluator of mid-March, 2011 with the intention of a ‘soft’ handoff of evaluation responsibilities and processes from Dr. Inazu including co-preparation of the Year 2 Evaluation Report (Appendix M). Several proposals were received in response to the RFP. On March 3, 2011 John Knox & Associates of Honolulu was chosen to provide evaluation to Hawai‘i EPSCoR with the final contract being signed on May 10.

Dr. Knox has more than 30 years of experience in social, economic, and community research - as a consultant, a survey researcher, an academician, and a community facilitator. Much of his work has involved public policy research and/or issues related to economic and land use development, although his recent practice has also focused strongly on community indicators and social program evaluation. His team also includes Rusyan Jill Mamiit and Sara Bolduc. Ms. Mamiit is a socio-ecological research professional with more than a decade of collective experience in conducting quantitative and qualitative research including socioeconomic surveys and policy research in the United States, Sri Lanka, and the entire Southeast Asia. She has a Master of Science degree

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with two years of doctoral training. Ms. Bolduc is experienced in environmental, community, and land use planning, as well as socio-economic research and program and policy. She earned her Master's degree in Urban and Regional Planning at UH Mānoa in 2009 and has been involved in various projects in Hawai‘i, from coastal resource baseline assessments, to community strategic planning for a Native Hawaiian Youth Center, and conducting interviews for social and/or cultural impact studies. Ms. Bolduc is acquainted with principles of mediation, and participatory action research, examining historic land tenure documents, title searching, and mapping using GIS.

Initial introductions and meetings between the new evaluators and project participants and administration are being planned for early June.

Monitoring and Assessment Panel

The Monitoring and Assessment Panel (MAP) is an independent, external review body recruited by the PI to monitor, assess, and critique the progress of Hawai‘i EPSCoR including the IMUA III award. The 6-member MAP is tasked with conducting annual site visits to participating campuses to assess the progress being made towards attaining project goals. In past visits, they have assisted in identifying institutional barriers to success and have offered suggestions based on the experiences of other institutions. The MAP is a group of senior, established scientists, 1female and 5 males, that understand the capacity-building aspects of EPSCoR RII awards and have experience and knowledge in many of the subject areas of focus in IMUA III. (See Table 2.) Four MAP members have participated in previous Hawai‘i EPSCoR reviews and shared their institutional knowledge with the two new members, Gaither and Batt.

The MAP conducted their first review of the IMUA III project on October 6 & 7, 2010. On the first day, the MAP was introduced to students and faculty researchers from the ECOGEM, CYBER and ENDER teams at UH Hilo. On O‘ahu the following day they met with PI Jim Gaines and then evaluator, Judith Inazu, before proceeding on a visit to the Kapi‘olani Community College STEM Center (Robert Franco & John Rand) and a tour of science labs at Chaminade University, hosted by Helen Turner (ECOGEM). The panel presented the initial findings of their visit to the Statewide Committee at their meeting on the morning of October 8, 2010.

Two of the MAP members participated in a strategic planning workshop that was held on Saturday October 9, 2010. The workshop was designed to build on the June 2010 Strategic Plan update and was focused on the construction of GANTT charts for use as a tool in planning and coordinating the research, education and outreach activities of the project. Dr. Carl Batt led the workshop with assistance from Dr. Robert Gillespie, both members of the MAP.

Table 5. IMUA III Monitoring and Assessment Panel Roster:

Name Affiliation

Dr. Robert Gillespie WV EPSCoR (ret.), ECE Industrial Advisory Board at West Virginia University Institute of Technology, and Board of Directors of the Eagle Research Corporation, Former President of West Virginia Tech

Dr. Carl Batt Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor in the Department of Food Science in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University

Dr. Fred Eiserling Professor of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics in the College of Letters and Science and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles

Dr. Kelly Gaither Director of Research and Development, Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), University of Texas, Austin

Dr. Tom Taylor Roy A. Roberts Distinguished Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Curator of Paleobotany in the Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas

Dr. Alan Templeton Charles Rebstock Professor of Biology, Professor of Genetics, and Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University

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The following are the areas that were of main concern to the MAP for the success of the EPSCoR RII and are addressed throughout this report and in Table 6. Review Panel Recommendations and Actions include: Statewide Committee S&T plan. There is a need to have a fully engaged integrated EPSCoR Statewide committee that is provided with resources to develop and deliver a coherent state S&T plan. Integration of Cyberinfrastructure.The CI team needs to be a critical component of the research plan with the aim of supporting the research effort as well as gaining their own voice in the intellectual merit of the EPSCoR RII. Integration with the DEW component is also essential. Strategic plan timeline. The strategic plan needs to be revised and updated to reflect not just the parallel paths of ENDER, ECOGEM, DEW and CI but where their efforts will cross over and gain strength from the collective. Institutional support. The UH system needs to advocate for support of the baseline needs of the various faculty, students and staff and help the EPSCoR RII rise to a level of self-sufficiency with regard to leadership, resources and independence at the participating institutions.

Reverse Site Visit IMUA-III participated in a Reverse Site Visit at NFS headquarters on the morning of September 13, 2010. The project was represented by the PI, Dr. Jim Gaines, Team Leaders Jo-Ann Leong (ECOGEM) and Donna Delparte (CYBER) and the project Managing Director, Kevin Kelly. The team presented a comprehensive overview of the project’s progress including research, education and outreach components. Management of the project and proposed changes were also presented including recognition of challenges in research integration and outreach. Following the panel’s internal discussion, the team was engaged in an hour of Q & A with the panel.

The nine recommendations resulting from the RSV are individually addressed below. The Administration and research leaders of the project value and appreciate the feedback from the RSV panel and understand the importance of addressing those concerns.

RSV Recommendation 1- The panel recommends that the team explores and strengthens the ties between the Ecological Genomics and Metabolomics group and the Environmental Dynamics Ecosystem Response group.

ECOGEM, CYBER, ENDER and DEW team members met at UH Hilo on April 8-9, 2011 for its first research and education integration retreat. The first retreat brought together 34 team members from the four teams. The two breakout sessions identified several suggested items to address.

The Team Integration Session identified possible joint projects: 1. ENDER is interested in the change in the microbiota in ground water distribution changed by the invasive

species, kiawe, and would welcome a collaboration with ECOGEM researchers with capabilities examining the microbiota using genomics technology.

2. ECOGEM and ENDER teams should collaborate on the development of new sites for environmental monitoring and ECOGEM indicator species sampling.

The group identified a high priority need for an EPSCoR Bioinformaticist working with EPSCoR scientists to build the research capacity in Bioinformatics. Members of the CYBER team have plans to build a bioinformatics team but that capacity is not presently available. With the Illumina Genome Analyzer providing data this year, there is a critical need for a scientist dedicated to providing bioinformatics training in July. Cyberinfrastructure research and the education initiative were discussed during the Science Retreat that followed the Community Advisory Committee (CAC) forum. The presence of DEW staff at this meeting strengthened ties between research and educational teams to better link diverse audiences into the research efforts. An outcome of the meeting was the identification of at least two cross-cutting teams to further develop collaborative ideas:

Cross Cutting Team 1: Marine Environmental Monitoring and Genomics/Metabolomics Jim Beets, Craig Glenn, Misaki Takabayashi, Ruth Gates, Steve Karl, Syed (Shawon) Rahman, Alison Sherwood, Mark Kimura, Sharon Ziegler-Chong

Cross Cutting Team 2: Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring and Genomics/Metabolomics

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Becky Ostertag, Don Price, Elizabeth Stacy, Tom Giambelluca, Donna Delparte, Michael Peterson, Bob Borris, Noelani Puniwai

The Data Management Session identified the following action items: 1. Completion of a data survey to determine the database needs 2. Initiate an EPSCoR Data Committee to address data management challenges 3. Integration of High Performance Computing with spatial and data analysis 4. Integration of CYBER scientists into the research efforts 5. Development of visualizations to enhance public understanding and provide education opportunities using

research outputs. An important outcome from the discussions was the recognition of the critical need for a Database Manager in the IMUA III project. A second research retreat is scheduled for June 16-17 at the Kīlauea Military Camp in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. This event immediately follows the CAC cultural retreat.

ECOGEM and ENDER faculty share committee cross mentoring assignments on graduate committees at both institutions. Rob Toonen at HIMB served on the graduate committee for Molly Timmers, an M.S. student in Marine Sciences at UHH with Marta deMaintenon. Molly is now a doctoral student in Zoology at UHM, continuing studies on the evolution of marine gastropods with Rob Toonen. Ruth Gates and Michelle Phillips, respectively ECOGEM faculty and postdoctoral fellow at UHM-HIMB, have established a collaborative research program with Misaki Takabayashi, ENDER faculty member at UHH, on the comparative transcriptome analysis of healthy and diseased Montipora capitata.

RSV Recommendation 2 –The panel recommends that the team develops strategies and implementation plans to forge strong integration among the research, teaching, and outreach components.

As indicated in the research and education sections of this report, IMUA III has started to make significant efforts to integrate research, teaching and outreach components. Each research team has provided considerable detail students engaged in research and training, as well as team interactions with degree programs. For example, six TCBES graduate students at UH Hilo are working on EPSCoR projects while CYBER has developed an important bioinformatics course to bridge between team efforts. All three research teams have also described their outreach and training efforts as part of collaborations with DEW and other educational partners. In addition to the outcomes of the Research Retreat, the revision of the DEW team in the last few months to include team members with strong outreach skills, combined with the revised Community Advisory Committee (CAC) who have been meeting with the teams to identify ways to strengthen outreach, is helping identify and develop more outreach and collaboration avenues between teams. DEW teams will work with each research team in Year 3 to better link diverse audiences and further, a STEM calendar matrix is being developed by DEW, in collaboration with CYBER, that will highlight outreach events as well as provide K-20 audiences information on STEM activities on Hawai‘i Island.

RSV Recommendation 3 – The panel recommends that the EPSCoR team place its highest priority on engaging the local community in their project. The panel recommends the inclusionof social scientists and/or other experts in the program to bring focus to this area.

Addressed under,B.2.2Diversity, Broadening Participation, Community Engagement, and Institutional Collaboration

RSV Recommendation 4 – The panel recommends the development of a state-wide and system-widecomputational science undergraduate degree as one means of educating a diverse group of undergraduate students.

Addressed underB.2.1Cyberinfrastructure (CYBER) Team RSV Recommendation 5 – The panel recommends development of a Nā Pua No‘eau-like Summer Institute for

middle school students.

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Addressed under B.2.1 Workforce Development

RSV Recommendation 6 – The panel recommends that the team utilize an independent, external evaluator, as described in the solicitation NSF 08-597.

Addressed under B.2.6, Evaluation and Assessment.

RSV Recommendation #7: The panel recommends that community support be made part of the sustainability plan since the complex interactions between University researchers and the local communities present a significant challenge.

Addressed under B.2.2,1 Broadening Participation and B.2.5 Outreach and Communication

RSV Recommendation #8: The panel recommends that the CYBER team add computation science research components related to modeling, high performance computing, and cyberinfrastructure integration into the current set of infrastructure-focuses activities.

The CYBER team has been building its capacity over the past several months by assembling a support team to assist with the overall research in IMUA III as well as contributing specifically to CYBER research activities.

In the CYBER response to the RSV Recommendation 8, the CYBER team has now secured a full time Cybertechnician (Kohei Miyagi), a Modeling Post-Doc (Mark Kimura) and several computer programmers to contribute to the service requirements of the research teams and to expand the capacity of CYBER to do its own research. Further, services from Redlands Institute and the Pacific Disaster Center have facilitated the transfer of knowledge and expertise to CYBER personnel to enable a rapid build-up of skills in geospatial technologies.

In anticipation of utilizing high performance computing for modeling and visualization, the CYBER team now has accounts with the Hawai‘i Open Supercomputing Center in Maui. Re-budgeting of CYBER Year 2 funds is facilitating the purchase of equipment to support faculty development and research. Section B.2.1, contains additional details on UH actions being taken to address this RSV recommendation.

RSV Recommendation 9 –The panel recommends that the team revisits and re-develops their plan for a Community Advisory Committee composed of revered Hawaiian leaders, community elders, respected community practitioners and cultural experts.

Addressed underB.2.2.1 Broadening Participation

Evaluation and Assessment Summary and Action Plan The three major evaluation panels discussed above made recommendations that were similar in nature. They are consolidated in Table 6 below. Actions taken by UH System in response are noted.

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B.2.7 Sustainability and Project Outputs B.2.7.1 Seed Funding and Emerging Areas The interrelated activities of the IMUA III teams drives transdisciplinary interactions and partner institution collaborations and lays the foundation for sustainability of project activities. This integrative approach to research, training and education creates new proposal opportunities as participants from different fields regularly interact to plan, execute and attain project goals and objectives. Many of these proposals are highly competitive because of the complex questions being addressed and the unique transdisciplinary approaches being proposed.

During the current reporting period, IMUA III associated faculty researchers have reported receiving 39 new awards totaling $74.45M in funds for projects linked to IMUA III. This is a significant increase in both the

Table 6: Review Panel Recommendations and Actions MAP RSV EVAL Recommendation Action

x x Improve Communication within Teams and Between Teams This issue is being addressed in many ways, including the recent research retreat in April 2011 and another planned for July 2011.

Team leaders were named in Fall 2010 and serve as points of contact for communications within and between teams. The Team Leaders continue to meeet monthly with the PI. Special vents such as the USDA/HOSC Science meeting and Water Resources conference also provide IMUA III researchers time to interact and explore new integrative activities. x Strengthen Ties Between ECOGEM and

ENDER Teams

x x Integration of CYBER as a Research Component

The installation of the Hawaii Geospatial Data Repository and the hiring of a modeling post doc and technical staff will allow the CYBER team researcher to focus more of their time on intellectually compelling research. With nascent efforts already underway in modeling and visualization CYBER is poised to engage ECOGEM and ENDER teams in cooperative research activities. CYBER integration was discussed at the first Research Retreat and is on the agenda for the July meeting.

x x Integration Among the Research, Teaching, and Outreach Components The reorganized DEW team has brought much needed coordination to research and outreach activities, especially at UHH. Starting n

started in early 2011, DEW is already driving integration across all IMUA III activities. Their engagement of the CAC in research team activities is providing valuable feedback for student recruitment. DEW is also coordinating cross-team events and assisting in student and faculty training (e.g. Hawaiian student mentoring workshop) x Integration of DEW more broadly

across all EPSCoR

x Build Research Collaborations

In the fist year report IMUA III teams were just getting their research underway. In Year 2 the teams are firmly established and have engaged a broad spectrum of collaborators locally, nationally and internationally. The partnerships with the local state and federal agencies are especially fruitful with sharing of personnel, resources and equipment. The reorganized DEW team also brings an array of mature relationships and collaborations into contact with the research teams.

x Sustainability of Makery Activities The Makery, with installations at the Palolo Science Discovery Center on Oahu and Connections Charter School in Hilo is a logical integration point for middle and high school STEM education and workforce training. Discussions within the reorganized DEW team are ongoing.

x Development of a Summer Institute for Middle School Students

Through the Pacific Internship Programs for Exploring Science (PIPES), Summer middle school efforts will utilize three undergraduate employees to work with two DEW staff (all Native Hawaiian) to develop that hands-on experiential STEM summer program as discussed in the Human Resources Developemtn Section, B.10.

x Development of a State-wide and System-wide Computational Science Undergraduate Degree

Actions taken to address the development of a computational degree program is discussed in detail in section B.3: CYBER. Curriculum development is underway at UHH and UH System-level discussions have taken place.

x

Add Computational Science Research Components Related to Modeling, High Performance Computing, and Cyberinfrastructure Integration into the Current Infrastructure-focused Activities

The hiring of additional technical staff and one of two post-docs will allow CYBER researchers to devote motre time to recommendation. CYBER has established a working relationship with the Hawaii Open Supercomputing Center and is coordinating modeling activities with ECOGEM and ENDER as discussed in the research sections of this report.

x Student Tracking Database While the DEW activities at UHH and KCC already utilize systems to track students participating in outreach and education activitiesplans to leverage these data for EPSCoR tracking are underway. Meetings planned for June 2011 will also focus on the use of the new web-based data management system to efficiently track IMUA III students and interns.

x Increase Community Engagement in Research and Educational Activities Sustainability of the research and education activities of IMUA III can only be achieved through direct and constant engagement of

the local community. The DEW team has taken a leadership role in the coordination of research participants in the community outreach efforts, especially with the CAC. The frequency of these activities will increase in future years of this award. x Community Support be Made Part of

the Sustainability Plan

x x Revisits and Re-develops a Plan for a Community Advisory Committee (CAC)

The CAC has been reorganized and is conducting regular meeting with IMUA III participants. Members of the CAC include social scientists to help guide these efforts. The CAC is discussed in detail in section B.5 Community Advisory Committee.

x Strategic plan, timeline IMUA III participants attended a strategic planning workshop in October 2010 that focused on the development of timelines as a research planning tool. The Spring 2011 update of the Strategic Plan includes GANTT charts developed by each team. The updated plan is attached in Appendix L.

x Utilize an Independent, External Evaluator A new evaluator has been contracted to begin June 1, 2011. See Section B.9 IMUA III Evaluation Team.

x x Institutional support UHH Chancellor Donald Straney will become co-PI with Dr Jim Gaines and has also agreed to co-chair the reorganized statewide committee. His commitment is in recognition of the increased role of EPSCoR research (NSF and NIH) at UHH. Having been in his position less than one year, expectations are high that new instutional support initiatives will be supported.

x Statewide Committee S&T plan The Hawaii Statewide Committee has been reorganized and will hold their first meeting on June 13, 2011. Details of the reorganization can be found in Section B.11.

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number of awards and amount of funds received from the previous reporting period. The new awards came from a wide variety of sources including numerous federal and state agencies, county governments, private industry, military, academic institutions, and non-profit organizations. Included in this total is $49.76M of large institutional awards (Lassner) to further the development of statewide cyberinfrastructure that aligns with the broader goals of IMUA III. In addition, there are another 5 proposals pending ($867K) and 5 proposals submitted ($4.28M) as of May 2011.

IMUAIII core facilities also play important roles in training emerging and established scientists alike. They also play a key role in supporting collaborations with outside partners including state and federal agencies. The core facilities have received significant support in personnel, equipment and supplies from IMUA III awards and work is underway to develop business plans for each lab in anticipation of institutionalization of support these facilities, especially at UHH. Detailed discussions of lab activities can be found in the research sections of this report.

DEW Initiatives and Outputs: Sustainability of EPSCoR is seen in our ability to leverage these funds to build and sustain current programs throughout the State. The DEW community is facilitating human resource development activities and subsequent student research and training opportunities. A goal of IMUA III is to understand and evaluate the pipeline of STEM students from K-12 through the community colleges and into 4-year and post-graduate work. Developments continue on website development of a program matrix and the calendar of events. There will be a concerted effort to ensure that existing sites are complimented by the development of new websites and that they actively expose visitors to the wealth of existing programs while communicating the educational pathways that exists through these opportunities.

A key component of the DEW dissemination and communication plan is to develop website links between UH Hilo DEW, KCC STEM website (stem.kcc.hawaii.edu), KCC OFIE (ofie.kcc.hawaii.edu) which will also highlight Makery events, KCC Service-Learning (http://www.kcc.hawaii.edu/object/servicelearning), HI EPSCoR, and possibly the STEM Intercommunity Portal hosted by UH Mānoa College of Engineering. Elements of the MySTEMHawaii.org website that was developed in partnership with the State Department of Economic Development and Tourism (DBEDT) during the previous RII award will also be included. The successful integration of these websites will be supported the EPSCoR CYBER Team.

IMUA III does not provide seed funding.

B.2.7.2 Human Resources Development As described earlier focusing on K-20 audiences, IMUA III has provided a rich training ground for undergraduate, graduate and post-doctoral students, as well as interns and technicians. ECOGEM research in Hilo involves three graduate students and one undergraduate focused on EPSCoR research on Drosphila and Metrosideros polymorpha. An undergraduate student conducted most of the work on the CYBER project focused on modeling the interaction of native and invasive species during simulation evolution. Training that graduate and undergraduate students gain at the HIMB CORE Genetic facility coupled with the boinformatics training that they receive for the microarray data analyses is very useful for their research efforts. Chaminade University has engaged two Pacific Islander graduate students in their work with the culturally important ‘awa plant.

The ENDER Terrestrial team is providing training for four M.S. students, one PhD and two post-docs. In an effort to enhance professional development of students between institutions, UH Hilo M.S. candidate Sakihara was invited to Cornell University to further the recent collaboration. Post Doc Dudley is receiving mentoring (following mentoring plan) and will present his research at two conferences in 2011. Dudley, Kelly, Nelson-Kaula, Sakihara presented at the Hawai‘i Water Resources Meeting and received feedback and guidance on their presentations. Dudley presented a seminar to the UH Hilo Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science program. Post-doc Tillery has developed the necessary expertise needed for a density-dependent groundwaterflow and transport model. She has attended a class in grant writing and various workshops for career development.

ENDER Marine researchers place great value on contributing to the development of human resources in science, engineering and technology. The marine ENDER team has provided training and support for 13 UH Hilo undergraduates, four graduate students and one research technician at UH Hilo, and four UH Mānoa. UH Hilo

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and UH Mānoa graduate students, Holleman, Johnson, Walker and presented their research at the Hawai‘i Water Resources Meeting and the UH Hilo TCBES Graduate symposium. Two graduate students are also receiving teaching experience through their contributions to UH Hilo undergraduate programs. Rebecca Most gave a guest lecture on Hawaiian coral reef ecology in a UH Hilo undergraduate class entitled Natural Resource Management, taught by Dr. Rebecca Ostertag. Judy Walker is a teaching assistant for UH Hilo undergraduate class, Biology of Marine Plants. Additionally, the program supported one UH Hilo undergraduate student, Brian Yannutz (NOAA scholar) in completion of senior thesis project. Brian studied the relation between nutrient concentrations and fish assemblage characteristics in the Kaloko-Honokohau marine plot. He presented his research at the University of Hawai‘i Marine Option Program Symposium and the UH Hilo Senior Thesis Symposium.

The ENDER Climate agenda currently supports three interns. Of the three interns on their project so far, one was Native Hawaiian. One is now employed through AmeriCorps (Akau) and another is employed full-time with the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the US Forest Service (Gleason). A temporary technician (DiManno) d has just graduated with a M.S. and will be employed as a research technician at University of California, Santa Barbara. On the ENDER Terrestrial team, one of the graduate students (Nelson-Kaula) is Native Hawaiian. Training of two minority undergraduate students will take place in Summer 2011 in association with the DEW effort. Sakihara’s trip to Cornell opened up a wealth of resources and scientists to him and provided important connections.

DEW programs have also provided opportunities for staff and undergraduates. Staffing was provided by EPSCoR to coordinate undergraduate research experiences at KCC for 46 students (39.1% underrepresented minorities) including preparations of presentations and research papers, procurement, and travel logistics. In addition to year one unobligated funds purchase of additional equipment and supplies to KCC, EPSCoR funded 5 undergraduate researchers and supported 10 KCC STEM student research posters at the HI EPSCOR statewide conference. Pacific Internship Programs for Exploring Science summer internship at UH Hilo reviewed 133 applications (65% underrepresented minorities) and identified 33 internship projects across multiple agencies and funding sources. Planning is actively underway to support summer 2011 activities for approximately 35 interns. Summer middle school efforts will utilize three undergraduate employees to work with two DEW staff (all Native Hawaiian) to develop that hands-on experiential STEM summer program.

B.2.7.3 Leveraging NSF Programs Other agencies with EPSCoR and EPSCoR-like programs were represented at the Hawai‘i Statewide Conference that was held in Waikiki on October 8, 2010. Dr Luke Flynn (NASA Space Grant Director) presented information about the research, education and outreach activities of the Hawai‘i Space Flight Laboratory. He explained how his partnerships with the Department of Defense Pacific Missle Range Facility, Kaua‘i), industry, and the community colleges, especially Kaua‘i CC are providing training and real-world experience for a new generation of scientists, engineers and technicians to support the space flight industry in Hawai‘i. The National Institutes for Health (NIH) INBRE program was represented by Dr. John Pezzuto, Dean of the UH Hilo College of Pharmacy. His presentation drew linkages between the research activities of EPSCoR and some of the projects being conducted in INBRE, especially in areas of natural products and bioinformatics.

A consortium of EPSCoR universities in South Carolina, Louisiana, Iowa and South Dakota are partnering with UH Mānoa Physics (lead institution) to respond to a Funding Opportunity Announcement by the Department of Energy’s EPSCoR program (Funding Opportunity Number: DE-FOA-0000546). Letters of intent are due on June 7 followed by full proposals on June 23, 2011. The proposed research involves studies for next generation neutrino detectors. Success in this competition could lead to significant future contributions to DOE’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE), a project to build a new powerful beam of neutrinos targeting one or more massive neutrino detectors at distances of the order of 1000 km.

The EPSCoR IMUA III core facilities have been very important in enhacing the ability of researchers to apply for grant funding that require genomics capabilities. HIMB scientists have submitted proposals to NSF for a Science and Technology Centers on Deep Reefs, a center proposal designed to examine the mesophotic ecosystem, a COSEE proposal that was ranked for funding but with current NSF constraints is waiting for the 2011 budget to be finalized at NSF, several PIRE proposals, two NSF-NOAA CAMEO proposals (one funded), and NOAA,

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NASA, EPA proposals. All of these proposals involve the use of the EPSCoR Core Genomics Facility. For 2010-2011, the funding in new awards using the core facility at HIMB exceeded $3 million. At UHH, NSF CREST faculty and students are using all three core facilities, genetics, analytical, and spatial data laboratories. The UHH CREST award was for $5 million for 5 years. Don Price is the PI of a Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation award for $1.2 million for 2 years and it utilizes the UHH Genetics Facility for its bar-coding research activities. Elizabeth Stacy is the recipient of an NSF career award for $750,000 and she uses the genetics core facility at UHH

ENDER scientist Jason Adolf (UHH) was co-PI on a NSF-MRI grant for a new electron microscope that was just installed in the UHH Marine Science Building. This instrument greatly enhances the research potential provided by EPSCoR IMUA III core facilities in several disciplines. Dr. Adolf is applying for a NSF career grant to allow him to expand his research potential with collaborators and enhance student training.

B.2.8 Management Structure Hawai‘i as an island state presents a unique management challenge in that the normal elements of leadership, administration, fiscal, and science team coordination are placed strategically at multiple sites and must be coordinated through concise and frequent communication. The management structure of IMUA III addresses these challenges by engaging expertise on O‘ahu and Hawai‘i Island that facilitates program administration and support of the project participants and their activities with the goal of expanding Hawai‘i’s competitiveness in new areas of STEM research and education. A graphic representation of how IMUA III is organized and how the project teams are envisioned to interact is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: IMUA II Functional Organization

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EPSCoR Statewide Committee The Statewide Committee (SWC) in Hawai‘i is a high-level administrative body whose purpose is to provide oversight and guidance to the National Science Foundation’s EPSCoR IMUA III grant Principal Investigator, the EPSCoR program participants, stakeholders, and the citizens of the state of Hawai‘i. The role of the Committee is to ensure that the NSF EPSCoR program and the related programs of other federal agencies are consistent with the stated long-term goals and objectives of EPSCoR and the State of Hawai‘i. It acts as an independent organization on behalf of the research, business and government interests of the State of Hawai‘i and promotes innovation, research and development as an enterprise, and as an engine for economic diversification in Hawai‘i.

The EPSCoR Statewide Committee last met on O‘ahu on October 29, 2010 in conjunction with the EPSCoR Statewide Conference and visit of the MAP. NSF Program Officer Denise Barnes participated in the meeting via a conference call link from Washington, DC. In her presentation, she reiterated the importance of an active and engaged Statewide Committee and the role it plays in the success of EPSCoR programs in the state.

In response to recommendations of the Hawai‘i MAP and NSF Reverse Site Visit panel, and in recognition of the expanding role and importance of EPSCoR in Hawai‘i, the SWC has been reorganized under the leadership of the Governor Neil Abercrombie and UH Hilo Chancellor Donald Straney. The SWC now includes members with diverse backgrounds and experiences including business, public service, education, research, and economic development (Table 7). The SWC is comprised of two females and six males: three Asians, four Caucasians and one Native Hawaiian. Table 7. The EPSCoR Statewide Committee in Hawai‘i

Name Affiliation

Neil Abercrombie, Co-Chair Hawai‘i State Governor Dr. Donald Straney, Co-Chair Chancellor, University of Hawai‘i Hilo Ernest Matsumura President, American Trading Company Dwight Takamine Director, Department of Labor and Industrial Relations Dr. John Morton Vice President for Community Colleges, University of Hawai‘i System Leslie Wilkens Director, Maul Economic Development Board; VP Women in Technology Jimmy Toyama Community Organizer Dr. RaeDeen Karasuda Research and Evaluation Division, Kamehameha Schools

Ex-officio, non-voting members of the committee will provide technical expertise, administrative, fiscal, and logistical support to committee members. The Ex-Officio Members of the Statewide Committee in Hawai‘i(Table 8) are comprised of six males and two females: one Asian, five Whites, and three Native Hawaiians.

Table 8. Ex-Officio Members of the EPSCoR Statewide Committee in Hawai‘i

Name Affiliation

Dr. James Gaines Vice President for Research, University of Hawai‘i System Kevin Kelly Managing Director, EPSCoR David Lovell Director, RAPD-RCUH; Project Administrator, EPSCOR Dr. Luke Flynn Director, Hawai‘i NASA EPSCoR Dr. Eric Holmes Director, Research Operations JABSOM (INBRE/COBRE) Richard C. Lim Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism Zeada Pachecano Assistant Project Administrator, EPSCOR (admin, fiscal, logistics support) Megan Pachecano Outreach Associate, EPSCoR (administrative, fiscal, logistics support)

The newly formed EPSCoR Statewide Committee is planning its kick-off meeting for June 13, 2011 in Honolulu at the Governor’s conference room to first establish how it will operate, communicate, define respective roles and responsibilities, and how the individuals will work together to develop the key deliverables.

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Project Administration The Administrative team is co-located on the islands of O‘ahu and Hawai‘i and is led by representatives from the UH System and UH Hilo. The Principal Investigator is Dr. James Gaines, University of Hawai‘i System Vice President for Research. He communicates regularly with UH Hilo Chancellor Dr. Donald Straney who has agreed to partner with Dr. Gaines and serve as Co-PI for IMUA III. With most of the IMUA III activities being conducted on Hawai‘i Island and with UH Hilo as the primary recipient of IMUA III funds, the fiscal responsibilities for IMUA III were transferred to UH Hilo in Year 2. Significant effort is being focused on developing a service-oriented staff that can quickly and knowledgeably address the increased day-to-day procurement, personnel and other administrative support activities needed by EPSCoR participants.

Mr. David Lovell, Director of The Research Corporation of the University of Hawai‘i’s (RCUH) Research Support and Project Development (RSPD) is the IMUA III Project Administrator (PA). Mr. Lovell has hired four(4) administrative staff, managed by Assistant Program Administrator, Ms. Zeada Pachecano, to address the increased day-to-day procurement and personnel activities of the project participants. With limited departmental administrative support at UH Hilo, this staff provides procurement and personnel training and coaching for new researchers. The team processes subawards and contracts, generates monthly budget reports, tracks all EPSCoR personnel activity for the project and coordinates other services as directed by the PA. The UHH administrative staff is responsible for tracking expenses and cost sharing, and maintaining a participant database. They plan conferences and workshops and provide staffing and support for the Statewide Committee.

In March 2011, administrative staff member Megan Pachecano was recruited to serve as Acting Outreach Associate. In this position she is primarily responsible for planning and coordination of the CAC and other IMUA III outreach activities in collaboration with DEW. She tracks outreach events and maintains external engagement data for reporting to NSF and is the lead in developing material to produce project newsletters

UH System Managing Director, Mr. Kevin Kelly, has assumed a leadership role and manages the project operations, including project planning and timelines, research team interactions and coordination, and program strategy development and reporting. Mr. Kelly also provides guidance and institutional memory to the Administration Team to ensure that EPSCoR research, education and outreach project initiatives are carried out in accordance with proposed timelines, monitoring and evaluation plans.

Hanalei Abbott (UH System), who previously served as Mr. Kelly’s senior assistant was promoted to Project Administrative Manager in August 2010. He has considerable project support experience from his work in Hawai‘i and on the mainland (University of Washington) and has become a valuable asset to IMUA III Administration. Mr. Abbott assists Managing Director Kelly with day-to-day administrative activities including coordinating research team meetings, collecting data on deliverables, tracking publications and collaborations, and monitoring RCR training and mentoring plan compliance by participants. His work is critical to maintaining open communications between the UH Hilo and Oahu-based administrative teams.

The IMUA III Management and Administrative Team is comprised of three males and four females including 5 Native Hawaiians and demonstrates the project’s commitment to diversity.

Website and Data Management System

During Year 1, EPSCoR management identified the need for a comprehensive web-based data management system for the IMUAIII project. In consultation with UH Vice-president for Information Technology / CIO and CYBER Team co-Lead David Lassner, the open source Drupal platform was chosen for the development effort. Drupal has been adopted across the UH System for various portals and websites including Laulima, an Adobe Connect-like website used for document sharing and collaboration. Drupal easily integrates ArcGIS and other data formats being used by the research teams providing a foundation for the development of data portals for IMUA III participants and collaborators. The development team was led by IT Specialist, David Kimball and a lead programmer Tom Burke (contracted from Intelesense Technologies a local company spun off from Hawai‘i’s first RII project). To support urgently needed Drupal programming capacity building, two UH Hilo ICS undergraduate students, Mike Purvis and Andrew Wessel, provided significant coding and design time under the guidance of CYBER Team member Syed (Shawon) Rahman. Prior to starting this project neither of the students

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had previously worked with Drupal. Through formal training and engagement in every aspect of the site’s development, from the planning, designing, coding and troubleshooting through to the final software release, they gained valuable workforce experience and provided a model for other students to follow.

The new EPSCoR website was launched in March 2011 (www.epscor.hawaii.edu). The new site will provide more information to public visitors about the ongoing activities of the project and will eventually include the ability for them to access and visualize research results using the most recent data available. The secure side of the site includes a content management system that captures project and accomplishment data for display on the public site and reporting to NSF. For example, the calendar feature not only populates the online events list, but is used post-event to record external engagement data. The website database is being populated for this report and work will continue to customize input interfaces and page layouts.

Team Management From previous RII awards, Hawai‘i EPSCoR has learned to facilitate communications within and between teams by providing opportunities for various team members to interact and share the progress or challenges of their work with their team members. IMUA III has continued weekly or bi-weekly teleconferences for each of the four teams: ENDER, ECOGEM, CYBER, and DEW. These meetings allow the leaders to discuss administrative issues (budget, hiring, etc.) as well as research progress (equipment, field work, etc.) and contribute to the successful implementation of multi-faceted research, education, and outreach programs across several islands. Now coordinated by Mr. Abbott, project team leaders are sent the notes from the previous meeting and a draft agenda. The approved notes from each meeting are posted on the website for viewing by all IMUA III participants.

In Year 2, the PI recruited Team Leaders (TL) within each team to assist in coordinating the overall activities of their team’s projects and reporting on their success toward strategic goals and NSF deliverables. The TL assume leadership roles within IMUA III and will work within their teams, between other teams, and with the project administration to increase our effectiveness and streamline efforts in four key areas: • Communications: The TL is the primary conduit for passing information within and between team

participants. They now lead team meetings and attend monthly management team meetings. • Budget: The TL assists in the development of team budgets and works with other TLs and the project

leadership to evaluate the success of current investments and make recommendations for future budget adjustments.

• Reporting: The TL assists in the development of the annual report to NSF, primarily working within their team to assess progress and update the strategic plan.

• Participation: The TL organizes of team participants for events and functions including outreach events, annual MAP visits and the EPSCoR State Conference.

Monthly meetings with the Management Team and the Team Leaders are held in-person or via teleconference. These meetings allow the Team Leaders and PI to exchange information and also drive synergy between teams. New technology tools such as Drop Box and screen sharing applications are now used to facilitate team interactions and communication. The information shared in these inter-team forums has also assisted in strategic planning and project coordination of cross-team activities. IMUA III faculty understand the interactive nature of this project and have indicated that the inter-team meetings and research retreats are quite useful in coordinating cross-team interactions and facilitating discussion of future collaborative efforts.

In response to the Reverse Site Visit and MAP recommendations for closer coordination of research education and outreach activities, a series of research retreats is underway. One was completed in April 2011 with a second planned for July in conjunction with a CAC Cultural Retreat at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park.

The 16 members of the four IMUA III Project Teams (Table 9) are comprised of eleven (11) males and five (5) females. The Team Leads, listed below, are located all five participating institutions. Two males are from underrepresented racial groups.

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Table 9: Project Team Roster (*Team Leaders)

Individual Team/Agenda Institution Dr. David Lassner* CYBER UH System Dr. Donna Delparte* CYBER UH Hilo Dr. Michael Peterson CYBER UH Hilo Dr. Philippe Binder CYBER UH Hilo Dr. Syed (Shawon) Rahman CYBER UH Hilo Ms. Sharon Ziegler-Chong* DEW UH-Hilo Dr. Neil Scott DEW UH System Dr. Robert Franco* DEW Kapi‘olani CC Dr. Donald Price ECOGEM 1 UH Hilo Dr. Jo-Ann Leong* ECOGEM 1, 2 UH Mānoa Dr. Robert Borris ECOGEM 2, 3 UH Hilo Dr. Helen Turner ECOGEM 3 Chaminade Dr. Becky Ostertag ENDER 1, 2 UH Hilo Dr. Thomas Giambelluca ENDER 1, 2 UH Mānoa Dr. Craig Glenn ENDER 2, 3 UH Mānoa Dr. Jim Beets* ENDER 3 UH Hilo

B.2.9 Jurisdictional and Other Support The University of Hawaii System has contracted with The Implementation Group, a Washington DC based consulting group with expertise in positioning their clients to successfully compete for federal research funding. TIG has worked with the University to: 1) assess UH’s research and education needs; 2) promote excellence in research and education; 3) provide proposal development and other technical assistance to faculty; 4) offer strategic guidance regarding the federal wide EPSCoR/IDeA program; and 5) expand diversity and workforce development initiatives. TIG has successfully assisted faculty from across the UH System in developing proposals from agencies including NSF, DOE, NIH, NASA and various other Federal and State agencies. In addition to the services described above, the UH System funded two proposal development workshops principally for early career faculty – to provide insight into the NSF, NIH and DOE opportunities and how to write competitive proposals. The topics ranged from funding trends to the art of grantsmanship and the proposal review process. Details on these workshops are reported in section B.8 Outreach and Communication. Expanding on the success of last year’s event, Dr. Joseph Danek, a Senior Vice President of The Implementation Group, Inc. (TIG) and former Senior Executive, National Science Foundation (NSF) conducted a Proposal Development Workshop with Dr. Michael Khonsari, the Dow Chemical Endowed Chair and Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Louisiana State University; and Associate Commissioner for Sponsored Research & Development for the Louisiana Board of Regents. The April 6, 2011 workshop at the UH Mānoa Campus Center attracted 33 participants 19 of who were female. In response to feedback from last year a second workshop was held at UH Hilo on April 7. Twenty participants (9 male, 11 female) attended including UH Hilo faculty and graduate students and federal agency personnel. The workshops were designed primarily to mentor new investigators and faculty researchers with little or no experience developing research and/or training proposals for major federal agencies such as the National Science Foundation (NSF), National Institutes for Health (NIH), and others. The workshop also served as a refresher for people who had not recently submitted proposals and was an excellent opportunity for promising researchers to receive personal advice on their proposal ideas from two very experienced scientists. Evaluation comments indicate that the workshops were enthusiastically received, especially the inclusion of a primer on the institutional proposal routing instructions for the two campuses at which the workshop was hosted.

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B.2.10 Planning Updates A strategic planning workshop was held on Saturday, October 9, 2010. The workshop was designed to build on the June 2010 Strategic Plan update and was focused on the construction of Gantt charts for use as a tool in planning and coordinating the research, education and outreach activities of the project. Dr. Carl Batt led the workshop with assistance from Dr. Robert Gillespie, both members of the MAP.

Project teams updated their strategic plans in April 2011in preparation for annual reporting. The plan, included in this report as Appendix L, updates the team’s progress towards strategic goals and objectives, identifies and addresses areas where timing has changed and presents revisions to planned activities based on these factors. Special attention was given to identifying and coordinating cross-team activities and interactions. The production of Gantt charts that graphically illustrates the proposed timing of events, assisted project participants in visualizing the interactivity of research and education between the teams.

B.2.11 Unobligated Funds At the end of Year 1, IMUA III had unobligated funds of approximately $1.40M. The majority of these funds resulted from delays in hiring students, technical staff and post-docs ($1.1M). NSF approved a request for the expenditure of those funds according to a plan submitted in the Year 1 annual report. The approved reallocation of funds provided additional support to the research teams and direct staff support to faculty Team Leaders to assist them with their increased administrative burden as discussed in Section B.2.8 Team Management. The timing of the majority of expenditures of unobligated funds have proceeded according to the timeline approved in the unobligated spending plan approved by NSF and it is expected that the funds will be fully expended by the end of Year 2 with the exception of startup funds for Dr. Bill Chain (ECOGEM, $50,000). Although Dr. Chain has expended some funds from this account he has indicated that he would like to expend those startup funds over a longer period. NSF will be asked to accommodate that request.

Current Year 2 expenditures as reported in Appendix F are approximately $3,054,000 as of May 2011. This represents over 76% of the current year award. IMUA III supports a number of summer activities and programs including outreach and education events and research field work. We expect few funds to be carried over into Year 3.

B.3 Jurisdiction Specific Terms and Conditions There are no jurisdictional specific terms and conditions.

B.4 Experimental/Computational Facilities The success of the Hawai‘i EPSCoR IMUA III project is dependent on an integrated and transdisciplinary network of analytical and cyber-based facilities. The most critical of these facilities include: • UH Hilo Core Genetics Facility (HCGF) (http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/depts/epscor) • Evolutionary Genetics Core Facility (EGCF) at the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB)

(http://www.hawaii.edu/himb/facilities/egcf.html) • UH Hilo College of Pharmacy (http://pharmacy.uhh.hawaii.edu/) • UH Hilo Analytical Laboratory (http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~analab/) • UH Hilo Spatial Data Analysis Laboratory (SDAL) (http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~sdalhelp/index.php) • Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository (HGDR) (see Section B.2.1. CYBER)

The core genetics facilities were established in previous NSF-RII awards on both the Hilo and Mānoa campuses. These shared use facilities offer access to specialized equipment, provide educational and training workshops, and offer molecular analyses services for fee. The labs provide services to all faculty and students doing research at the University of Hawai‘i as well as other collaborators, federal and state agencies and other institutions worldwide. EPSCoR provides salary support for lab managers and technicians in the genetic facilities with additional funds provided through the research teams for project-specific analyses.

These two facilities house a full range of genetic analysis equipment and instrumentation for DNA sequencing and genotyping functions (AFLP, SNP, STR analyses), DNA fragment separation and detection using capillary electrophoresis, fragment analysis, and sequence analysis. The EGCF lab is equipped with microarray production

47

capacity and both labs use similar microchip array readers. A complete list of equipment can be found on the lab websites listed above. The lab managers, Anne Veillet(HCGF) and Amy Eggers (EGCF) communicate regularly regarding techniques, workshop and training opportunities and IMUA III project efforts.

Research being conducted at the new UH Hilo College of Pharmacy (CoP) is supporting phytochemistry and detailed analysis of the secondary metabolites of select Hawai‘i species. Extract fractionation analysis will commence when the EPSCoR-funded High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) and SpeedVac concentrator are installed In July. Additionally, the College of Pharmacy is acquiring a larger cutting mill (Retsch SM100) to facilitate the grinding of woody plant samples to be processed for this project. These investments compliment a growing analytical capacity at the CoP that includes a 400 MHz multinuclear NMR spectrometer, LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS instruments, a Quadrupole Time of Flight (qTOF) LC-MS, a UV/Vis spectrophotometer and a Rudolf Research Autopol IV multiwavelength digital polarimeter.

The Spatial Data Analysis Laboratory was established in previous NSF- EPSCoR RII awards. This facility has grown into Hawaii Island’s go-to location for geospatial research and training both for institutional researchers at UHH and the community. SDAL continues its key role in the community for offering training and workshop opportunities for students, faculty and our external partners. Our external collaborators engage directly with faculty and staff and our growing CYBER team on UHH campus is generating an active center for innovative and creative research in cybertechnologies through interaction of researchers, faculty and staff in the SDAL facility.

B.5 Publications and Patents The IMUA III publications have been entered into the FastLane system and are listed individually in Appendix Jof this report. A total of forty-one (41) publications were reported during the current year, eight (8) with primary and 33 with partial support coming from the IMUA III award. No intellectual property disclosures have been files with the UH Office of Technology Transfer and Economic Development (OTTED) and no patents have been awarded. There is still one patent pending (Rahman, CYBER).

B.6 Honors and Awards • UH Mānoa Graduate student Christine Waters (ENDER Craig Glenn) was awarded a NSF Graduate Research

Fellowship. The 5-year $135,000 award beganin May 2010 • UH Mānoa Zoology graduate student Emilia Sogin (ECOGEM, Ruth Gates) has been awarded an NSF

EAPSI fellowship and will be spending an additional 6 weeks at the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium in Taiwan this coming summer under the supervision of Dr. Chii-Shiarng Chen. Her project aims to use metabolomics methods to investigate functional diversity in coral-symbiodinium unions.

• UHH TCBES student Jonatha Giddens (ENDER, Jim Beets) was awarded a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship.

• ECOGEM Team Lead Dr. Jo-Ann Leong was appointed Co-Chairman of the Ecosystem Science and Management Working Group, a Federal Register chartered working group of the NOAA Scientific Advisory Board.

• ECOGEM Team Lead Dr. Jo-Ann Leong was appointed to the Federal Advisory “National Climate Assessment Development and Advisory Committee” and is a member of the Scretariat of that FACA.

• Joanna Wu, a graduate student in the TCBES program at UHH, working on the CYBER team with Donna recently received two research awards: 1) E. Alexander Bergstrom Memorial Research Award for $850 from the Association of Field Ornithologists, and 2) Mewaldt-King Student Research Award for $1,000 from the Cooper Ornithological Society.

• In May 2011 DEW Team Lead Dr. Bob Franco was named to the National Advisory Boards for the Portland State University Partnership Initiative (http://www.pdx.edu/cae/international-institute-partnerships)

C. Highlights The following three Highlights have been submitted to the IMUA III NSF Program Officer and are presented on the following pages in the required single page format.

48

Summer Institute Supporting Native Hawaiian Youth on Paths to Science Careers

Outcome: In the summer of 2010, forty-one Native Hawaiian high school studentsparticipated in the N Pua No‘eau Pathways Summer Institute’s residential science inquiry program for two weeks. The students learned scientific researchtechniques while exploring connections between science and their own culture. Their participation has inspired and invigorated interest in the sciences.

Impact: The goal of the program is to increase the numbers of Native Hawaiians pursuing training and careers in STEM fields. Ninety percent of students responded thatthey learned about how science professions are important to preserving Hawaiian culture and traditional practices, a key step in making science relevant to indigenous people.

Background: The Pathways Summer Institute is founded on the educational philosophy of NPua No‘eau, which is grounded in Hawaiian values and current educational research. The Institute engages participating students in multi-disciplinary classes with cultural practitioners, university faculty members, community leaders, and applied science professionals. Activities are designed to support Native Hawaiian youth as they begin to explore the engagement between environmental sciences and Hawaiian cultural practices and perspectives while setting them on a “path’ to becoming stewards of the ina (land).

The two-week summer residential program was held at the University of Hawai‘iat Hilo with the support from the NSF EPSCoR IMUA III award. Classes were project inquiry based and allowed students to explore the research aspects of the sciences. Each class created a research project and final presentation. Classes included: Papa Ala Hele (Hawaiian Forest Ecology), Papa Huli Honua (Geological Sciences), Papa I Ola K kou (Traditional Hawaiian Medicine and Medical Sciences), and Papa N Kai Lako (Marine Science).

Caption: Native Hawaiian youth participating in a class on forest ecology during the Pathways Summer Institute.

Credit: Hi‘ipoi Kon, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo

49

Capturing Speciation in Action across Hawai‘i’s Extreme Environmental Gradients

Outcome: Our studies of Hawai‘i’s most famous and common tree species, hi‘a, across Hawai‘i Island’s diverse landscape reveal that populations that occur in extreme habitats are unique. The most striking examples are the river-adapted and high-elevation varieties that possess strongly diverged morphologies and genes.

Impact: This result tells us that environmental differences can cause adjacent populations of widespread trees to become so different from each other that their gene pools become separated. This is a major step toward the origin of new species. Our results also illustrate the importance of using local seed sources when conducting habitat restoration of long-lived tree species.

Caption: Botanists examine the traits of trees at the upper limit of the species’ elevational range (2,470 m above sea level) next to Mauna Kea volcano.

Credit: Elizabeth Stacy, University of Hawai‘i Hilo

Caption: Variety newellii is found only along rivers on a is specially

adapted to withstand the mechanical stress of rushing water during rainy periods.


Caption: Researchers carry out experimental cross-pollinations between extreme-habitat varieties of ‘ hi‘a to learn if adaptation to different habitats has led to the development of mating barriers.


50

Hawaii EPSCoR and USDA Forest Service sponsor the 1st Annual Big Island Water Resources Meeting

Outcome: Researchers from universities, local and federal agencies, as well as natural resource managers and community planners shared information about their past, current, or future projects regarding freshwater and coastal water resources on Hawaii Island(the Big Island) at the 1st Annual Big Island Water Resource Meeting held March 21st, 2011, in Hilo, Hawaii.

Benefits/Impacts: Many researchers and managers working on Big Island water resource projects met for the first time to discuss their efforts and find ways to collaborate. Organizing an advisory committee for Hawaii County and producing educational materials for the public on Big Island water resources are two efforts that have resulted from this meeting. A web page that highlights the meeting’s presentations, posts relevant papers and reports, and facilitates discussions among attendees

is being developed by Hawaii EPSCoR.

Background/Explanation: Currently, there are many simultaneous efforts to better understand and protect the freshwater and coastal resources of the Big Island. The purpose of the 1st Annual Big Island Water Resource Meeting was to bring researchers and managers working on these efforts together to share information about their projects and strengthen water resources research and management. Over 200 people were invited to this meeting, 91 people corresponded with meeting organizers, 60 attended, and 39 gave presentations. Effects of climate change, invasive species, development, and pollution on Big Island water resources, as well as cultural and traditional Hawaiian management use and practices were discussed by presenters and a lunchtime panel of experts. Hawaii EPSCoR and the USDA Forest Service Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry funded and provided logistical support for the meeting.

51

D. Appendices

Salary Support ..........................................................................53 Participants ...............................................................................54 Collaborations...........................................................................55 External Engagement................................................................56 Outputs......................................................................................57 Expenditures Including Obligations .........................................58 Cost Sharing and Cost Contributions .......................................59 Leveraged Support....................................................................60

Participants List (with Demographics) .....................................61 Publications, Poster, and Presentations ....................................67 CAC Summary of Recommendations ......................................71 Strategic Plan (June 2011 Update) ...........................................77 Year 2 Evaluation Report ........................................................128 Collaboration Detail ................................................................158 Review Panel Recommendations and Actions ........................162

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60

Team

Cita

tion

RII

Sup

port

CY

BER

Pete

rson

, M.R

., S.

V. A

ham

ed a

nd S

.S. E

rdog

an. 2

010.

Pro

cess

ing,

Sw

itchi

ng a

nd C

omm

unic

atio

n of

Kno

wle

dge.

Inte

rnat

iona

l Jo

urna

l of M

anag

ing

Info

rmat

ion

Tech

nolo

gy (I

JMIT

) 2: 4

4-60

. DO

I : 1

0.51

21/ij

mit.

2010

.230

4.Pr

imar

y

CY

BER

Pete

rson

, M.R

., S.

V. A

ham

ed a

nd S

.S. E

rdog

an. 2

010.

Stru

ctur

e an

d C

omm

unic

atio

n of

Kno

wle

dge.

In A

. Özc

an, N

. Cha

ki a

nd

D. N

agam

alai

(Eds

.) Re

cent

Tre

nds i

n W

irele

ss a

nd M

obile

Net

wor

ks. S

econ

d In

tern

atio

nal C

onfe

renc

e, W

iMo

2010

, Ank

ara,

Tu

rkey

, Jun

e 20

10, P

roce

edin

gs. C

omm

unic

atio

ns in

Com

pute

r and

Info

rmat

ion

Scie

nce

84, p

p. 3

67-3

78. B

erlin

: Spr

inge

r. D

OI:

10.1

007/

978-

3-64

2-14

171-

3_32

.

Prim

ary

CY

BER

Rah

man

, S.M

. and

S.V

. Aha

med

. 201

0. In

telli

gent

Net

wor

k A

pplic

atio

ns fo

r Med

ical

Sys

tem

s. In

A. Ö

zcan

, N. C

haki

and

D.

Nag

amal

ai (E

ds.)

Rece

nt T

rend

s in

Wire

less

and

Mob

ile N

etw

orks

. Sec

ond

Inte

rnat

iona

l Con

fere

nce,

WiM

o 20

10, A

nkar

a,

Turk

ey, J

une

2010

, Pro

ceed

ings

. Com

mun

icat

ions

in C

ompu

ter a

nd In

form

atio

n Sc

ienc

e 84

, pp.

409

-416

. Ber

lin: S

prin

ger.

DO

I: 10

.100

7/97

8-3-

642-

1417

1-3_

36.

Parti

al

CY

BER

Rah

man

, S.M

., S.

V. A

ham

ed, a

nd S

.S. E

rdog

an. 2

010.

IT S

ecur

ity A

sses

smen

t for

Inte

rdis

cipl

inar

y R

esea

rch.

In A

. Özc

an, N

. C

haki

and

D. N

agam

alai

(Eds

.) Re

cent

Tre

nds i

n W

irele

ss a

nd M

obile

Net

wor

ks. S

econ

d In

tern

atio

nal C

onfe

renc

e, W

iMo

2010

, A

nkar

a, T

urke

y, Ju

ne 2

010,

Pro

ceed

ings

. Com

mun

icat

ions

in C

ompu

ter a

nd In

form

atio

n Sc

ienc

e 84

, pp.

356

-366

. Ber

lin:

Sprin

ger.

DO

I: 10

.100

7/97

8-3-

642-

1417

1-3_

31.

Parti

al

DEW

Fran

co, R

. 201

0. F

rom

Ser

vice

to S

cien

ce in

the

Ener

gy-C

limat

e Er

a. D

iver

sity

. Div

ersi

ty &

Dem

ocra

cy 1

3: 1

8-19

.Pa

rtial

ECO

GEM

Ain

swor

th, T

.D.,

R.V

. Thu

rber

and

R.D

. Gat

es. 2

010.

The

Fut

ure

of C

oral

Ree

fs: A

Mic

robi

al P

ersp

ectiv

e. T

rend

s in

Ecol

ogy

&

Evol

utio

n 25

: 233

-240

. DO

I:10.

1016

/j.tre

e.20

09.1

1.00

1.Pa

rtial

ECO

GEM

Bar

shis

, D.J.

, J.H

. Stil

lman

, R.D

. Gat

es, R

.J. T

oone

n, L

.W. S

mith

and

C. B

irkel

and.

201

0. P

rote

in e

xpre

ssio

n an

d ge

netic

st

ruct

ure

of th

e co

ral P

orite

s lob

ata

in a

n en

viro

nmen

tally

ext

rem

e Sa

moa

n ba

ck re

ef: d

oes h

ost g

enot

ype

limit

phen

otyp

ic

plas

ticity

? M

olec

ular

Eco

logy

19:

170

5-17

20. D

OI:

10.1

111/

j.136

5-29

4X.2

010.

0457

4.x.

Parti

al

ECO

GEM

Bird

, C.E

., B

.S. H

olla

nd, B

.W. B

owen

and

R.J

. Too

nen.

201

1. D

iver

sific

atio

n of

Sym

patri

c B

road

cast

-spa

wni

ng L

impe

ts

(Cel

lana

spp.

) with

in th

e H

awai

ian

Arc

hipe

lago

. Mol

ecul

ar E

colo

gy 2

0: 2

128–

2141

. DO

I: 10

.111

1/j.1

365-

294X

.201

1.05

081.

x.

Parti

al

ECO

GEM

Con

cepc

ion,

G.T

., N

.R. P

olat

o, I.

B. B

aum

s and

R.J

. Too

nen.

201

0. D

evel

opm

ent o

f Mic

rosa

telli

te M

arke

rs fo

r Fou

r Haw

aiia

n C

oral

s: A

crop

ora

cyth

erea

, Fug

ia sc

utar

ia, M

ontip

ora

capi

tata

and

Por

ites l

obat

a. C

onse

rvat

ion

Gen

etic

s Res

ourc

es 2

: 11-

15.

DO

I: 10

.100

7/s1

2686

-009

-911

8-4.

Parti

al

ECO

GEM

Eble

, J.A

., R

.J. T

oone

n, L

. Sor

enso

n, L

.V. B

asch

, Y.P

. Pap

asta

mat

iou

and

B.W

. Bow

en. 2

011.

Esc

apin

g Pa

radi

se: L

arva

l Exp

ort

from

Haw

ai‘i

in a

n In

do-P

acifi

c R

eef F

ish,

the

Yello

w T

ang

Zebr

asom

a fla

vesc

ens.

Mar

ine

Ecol

ogy

Prog

ress

Ser

ies 4

28:2

45-2

58.

DO

I: 10

.335

4/m

eps0

9083

. Pa

rtial

ECO

GEM

Fors

man

, Z.H

., G

.T. C

once

pcio

n, R

.D. H

aver

kort,

R.W

. Sha

w, J.

E. M

arag

os a

nd R

.J. T

oone

n. 2

010.

Eco

mor

ph o

r End

ange

red

Cor

al?

DN

A a

nd M

icro

stru

ctur

e R

evea

l Haw

aiia

n Sp

ecie

s Com

plex

es: M

ontip

ora

dila

tata

/flab

ella

ta/tu

rges

cens

& M

. pa

tula

/ver

rilli

. PLo

S O

ne 5

: e15

021.

DO

I:10.

1371

/jour

nal.p

one.

0015

021.

Pa

rtial

App

endi

x J.

Publ

icat

ions

Lis

t

67

Team

Cita

tion

RII

Sup

port

ECO

GEM

Fors

man

, Z.H

., J.A

. Mar

tinez

, J.E

. Mar

agos

and

R.J

. Too

nen.

201

0. R

esur

rect

ion

of P

orite

s haw

aiie

nsis

Vau

ghan

, 190

7; A

H

awai

ian

Cor

al O

bscu

red

by S

mal

l Siz

e, C

rypt

ic H

abita

t, an

d C

onfu

sed

Taxo

nom

y. Z

oota

xa 2

624:

67-

68.

Parti

al

ECO

GEM

Gai

ther

, M.R

., Z.

Sza

bó, M

.W. C

repe

au, C

.E. B

ird a

nd R

.J. T

oone

n. 2

011.

Pre

serv

atio

n of

Cor

als i

n Sa

lt-sa

tura

ted

DM

SO B

uffe

r is

Sup

erio

r to

Etha

nol f

or P

CR

Exp

erim

ents

. Cor

al R

eefs

30:

329

-333

. DO

I: 10

.100

7/s0

0338

-010

-068

7-1.

Pa

rtial

ECO

GEM

Gai

ther

, M.R

., R

.J. T

oone

n, L

. Sor

enso

n an

d B

.W. B

owen

. 201

0. Is

olat

ion

and

Cha

ract

eriz

atio

n of

Mic

rosa

telli

te M

arke

rs fo

r the

C

rimso

n Jo

bfis

h, P

rist

ipom

oide

s fila

men

tosu

s (Lu

tjani

dae)

. Con

serv

atio

n G

enet

ics R

esou

rces

2, s

upp

1: 1

69-1

72. D

OI:

10.1

007/

s126

86-0

09-9

119-

3.

Parti

al

ECO

GEM

Héd

ouin

, L.,

M. M

etia

n an

d R

.D. G

ates

. 201

1. E

coto

xico

logi

cal A

ppro

ach

for A

sses

sing

the

Con

tam

inat

ion

of a

Haw

aiia

n C

oral

R

eef E

cosy

stem

(Hon

olua

Bay

, Mau

i) by

Met

als a

nd a

Met

allo

id. M

arin

e En

viro

nmen

tal R

esea

rch

71: 1

49-1

61. D

OI:

10.1

016/

j.mar

envr

es.2

010.

12.0

06.

Prim

ary

ECO

GEM

Hof

man

n, G

.E.,

J.P. B

arry

, P.J.

Edm

unds

, R.D

. Gat

es, D

.A. H

utch

ins,

T. K

linge

r and

M.A

. Sew

ell.

2010

. The

Effe

ct o

f Oce

an

Aci

dific

atio

n on

Cal

cify

ing

Org

anis

ms i

n M

arin

e Ec

osys

tem

s: A

n O

rgan

ism

-to-E

cosy

stem

Per

spec

tive.

Ann

ual R

evie

w o

f Ec

olog

y, E

volu

tion,

and

Sys

tem

atic

s 41:

127

-147

. DO

I: 10

.114

6/an

nure

v.ec

olsy

s.110

308.

1202

27.

Parti

al

ECO

GEM

Less

er, M

.P.,

M. S

latte

ry, M

. Sta

t, M

. Ojim

i, R

.D. G

ates

and

A. G

rotto

li. 2

011.

Pho

toac

clim

atiz

atio

n by

the

Cor

al M

onta

stra

ea

cave

rnos

a in

the

Mes

opho

tic Z

one:

Lig

ht, F

ood,

and

Gen

etic

s. Ec

olog

y 91

: 990

-100

3. D

OI:

10.1

890/

09-0

313.

1.Pr

imar

y

ECO

GEM

Mis

umi,

I., T

.D. L

ewis

, A. T

akem

ura

and

J.C

. Leo

ng. 2

011.

Elic

ited

Cro

ss-p

rote

ctio

n an

d Sp

ecifi

c Ant

ibod

ies i

n M

ozam

biqu

e Ti

lapi

a (O

reoc

hrom

is m

ossa

mbi

cus)

Aga

inst

Tw

o D

iffer

ent I

mm

obili

zatio

n Se

roty

pes o

f Cry

ptoc

aryo

n ir

rita

ns Is

olat

ed in

H

awai

i. Fi

sh &

She

llfis

h Im

mun

olog

y 30

: 115

2-11

58. D

OI:

10.1

016/

j.fsi

.201

1.03

.004

. Pa

rtial

ECO

GEM

May

field

, A.B

., Y.

Y. H

siao

, T.Y

. Fan

, C.S

. Cha

n an

d R

.D. G

ates

. 201

0. E

valu

atin

g th

e te

mpo

ral s

tabi

lity

of st

ress

-act

ivat

ed

prot

ein

kina

se a

nd c

ytos

kele

ton

gene

exp

ress

ion

in th

e Pa

cific

reef

cor

als P

ocill

opor

a da

mic

orni

s and

Ser

iato

pora

hys

trix

. Jou

rnal

of

Exp

erim

enta

l Mar

ine

Bio

logy

and

Eco

logy

395

: 215

-222

. DO

I: 10

.101

6/j.j

embe

.201

0.09

.007

.Pa

rtial

ECO

GEM

Padi

lla-G

amiñ

o, J.

L., T

.M. W

eath

erby

, R.G

. Wal

ler a

nd R

.D. G

ates

. 201

1. F

orm

atio

n an

d st

ruct

ural

org

aniz

atio

n of

the

egg–

sper

m b

undl

e of

the

scle

ract

inia

n co

ral M

ontip

ora

capi

tata

. Cor

al R

eefs

30:

371

-380

. DO

I: 10

.100

7/s0

0338

-010

-070

0-8.

Pa

rtial

ECO

GEM

Palm

er, C

.V. a

nd R

.D. G

ates

. 201

0. S

kele

tal E

rodi

ng B

and

in H

awai

ian

Cor

als.

Cor

al R

eefs

29:

469

. DO

I: 10

.100

7/s0

0338

-010

-05

97-2

. Pa

rtial

ECO

GEM

Poch

on, X

. and

R.D

. Gat

es. 2

010.

A n

ew S

ymbi

odin

ium

cla

de (D

inop

hyce

ae) f

rom

sorit

id fo

ram

inife

ra in

Haw

ai’i.

Mol

ecul

ar

Phyl

ogen

etic

s and

Evo

lutio

n 56

: 492

-497

. DO

I: 10

.101

6/j.y

mpe

v.20

10.0

3.04

0.Pa

rtial

ECO

GEM

Pola

to, N

.R.,

G.T

. Con

cepc

ion,

R.J

. Too

nen

and

I.B. B

aum

s. 20

10. I

sola

tion

by D

ista

nce A

cros

s the

Haw

aiia

n A

rchi

pela

go in

the

Ree

f-B

uild

ing

Cor

al P

orite

s lob

ata.

Mol

ecul

ar E

colo

gy 1

9: 4

661-

4677

. DO

I: 10

.111

1/j.1

365-

294X

.201

0.04

836.

x.

Parti

al

ECO

GEM

Purit

z, J.

B. a

nd R

.J. T

oone

n. 2

011.

Coa

stal

Pol

lutio

n Li

mits

Pel

agic

Lar

val D

ispe

rsal

. Nat

ure

Com

mun

icat

ions

2: 2

26. D

OI:

10.1

038/

ncom

ms1

238.

Pa

rtial

68

Team

Cita

tion

RII

Sup

port

ECO

GEM

Riv

era,

M.A

.J., K

.R. A

ndre

ws,

D.R

. Kob

ayas

hi, J

.L.K

. Wre

n, C

. Kel

ley,

G.K

. Rod

eric

k an

d R

.J. T

oone

n. 2

011.

Gen

etic

Ana

lyse

s an

d Si

mul

atio

ns o

f Lar

val D

ispe

rsal

Rev

eal D

istin

ct P

opul

atio

ns a

nd D

irect

iona

l Con

nect

ivity

acr

oss t

he R

ange

of t

he H

awai

ian

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70

71

Recommendations and Discussion as of May 11, 2011

1. Provide a detailed organizational chart depicting all personnel for the ENDER, ECOGEM, CYBER, AND

DEW teams.

a. Post the organization chart, including photos, on the Hawai‘i EPSCoR website.

Discussion:

Providing the organization chart on the Hawai‘i EPSCoR website will make organizational information available to all participants and may improve communication and interaction between all participants. The chart should identify all administrators, faculty researchers, post-doc faculty, PhD candidates, master candidates, undergraduate students, and other paid positions

Additionally, the CAC would like to be provided with demographic information for each individual participant:

Ethnicity - The Hawai‘i EPSCoR grant emphasizes diversity, with particular focus on underrepresented groups in Hawaii, including Native Hawaiians, Filipinos, and Pacific Islanders.

Gender - The Hawai‘i EPSCoR grant emphasizes diversity.

Place of birth – This documents connection to the community and may impact workforce development and retention.

Individual Photo - Introduces the individual

2. Local Community

a. Identify members of the “local community advisory groups” referenced by the ENDER team (i.e. Kiholo advisory group and the Kohala Center), and provide their bios and photos. Describe criteria used to select members. Provide minutes of all meetings.

b. Identify other local community members researchers are in contact with.

c. Guidelines should be established to define “critical points” or “critical issues” that would suggest that dialogue with local community is advisable. Meetings with local community should be scheduled in a manner that considers availability of all participants.

d. Provide research teams with guidance and support communicating more affectively with the community via DEW and/or Management/ Administration.

e. Hilo and Manoa research teams should coordinate and jointly meet with local advisory groups.

72

Discussion:

Interaction and dialogue between researchers and local communities are critical to assuring that research “does no harm” and that sustainable benefits of research accrue to local communities. Identification of local community interactions will document activities. Because researchers skillsets and strengths are in the area of research and not community interaction, support from DEW, Management, and/or Administration will provide a needed bridge to assure effective and coordinated community interactions.

3. Use of Research Results

a. Describe how the knowledge gained from each research project can be practically applied to benefit the community. A holistic view should be used in assessing practical applications, as looking only at fiscal impacts may not be in the best interest of the community.

b. Consider dialogue with the local community to identify potential research projects that could help address specific local concerns and issues.

c. Create sustainability by using research results to seek opportunities for commercialization by/within local communities that is structured to return profits to fund more local research.

d. Assign responsibility for developing guidelines to identify and safeguard accessibility to sensitive data.

Discussion:

The knowledge gained from research should provide sustainable community benefits that can be practically applied to solve community concerns. Dialogue with the community can help identify concerns that can be considered for future research. Opportunities for commercial applications that benefit local communities and further research should also be considered. Because research may uncover sensitive data (i.e. the location of an endangered organism), guidelines must be established to ensure protection of sensitive information.

4. Explain the steps that each project has taken to reconcile the pursuit of knowledge for knowledge’s sake against the community’s desire that the research will do no harm.

Discussion:

The CAC recognizes that some research may not readily yield a direct connection to practical applications that benefit communities. In these situations, researchers should clearly identify and articulate how they assure that research activities do no harm.

73

5. As current faculty, post docs, graduate students, and undergraduate students leave the program, there must be a concerted effort to recruit from targeted minority groups to develop truly diverse research teams.

a. Develop a program to familiarize other Hawai‘i EPSCoR participants with soft infrastructure using Hilo DEW experience and leadership, including:

i. Diversity ii. Student selection and mentoring (local, as much as possible)

b. Develop the student tracking database to comprehensively include historical data:

i. Address security issues so that a comprehensive student database is developed.

ii. Develop and implement quality assurance and quality control processes to protect data integrity and security.

iii. Actively involve the DEW team (stakeholder and end-user) in database design.

Discussion:

Because faculty were not provided with student selection support during the first year of this IMUA III grant, faculty were unable to address ethnic diversity goals. Therefore, as current students leave the research teams, concerted efforts must be made to select replacements that will create diverse team populations

Because the student tracking database is currently not comprehensive, student success and efficacy of DEW efforts cannot be assessed. Issues related to incorporating comprehensive data must be addressed.

6. Develop a mechanism to help research scientists communicate using common, non-technical language.

Discussion:

Some research faculty shared that they encounter difficulty communicating in non-technical language, which makes direct community interaction difficult. This can result in not only awkward communication, but also potential misunderstanding and miscommunication. Thus, faculty should be provided with support or assistance to help translate technical information into non-technical language that can be easily understood by the non-scientific community.

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7. Facilitate an organized approach for research scientists to interact with local community youth on an ongoing basis to foster the next generation of research scientists.

a. Develop a sustainable “soft” infrastructure (i.e. people, processes, strategy, etc.) that creates a pipeline of next generation research scientists using Hilo DEW experience and leadership.

b. Develop a program to familiarize other Hawai‘i EPSCoR participants with soft infrastructure using Hilo DEW experience and leadership, including:

i. Cultural sensitivity ii. Interaction with local communities

Discussion:

The Hawai‘i EPSCoR grant is intended to develop research infrastructure within the State of Hawaii. “Infrastructure” includes not only capital equipment, but also strategy, organization, processes, and people, too. Outreach activities that engage local community youth must occur at the beginning of the pipeline to stimulate student interest. Current researchers will be role models and provide mentoring for local community youth interested in the sciences.

8. Administration and Management

a. Establish Hilo-based management and administration for projects based in Hilo.

b. Assign Hilo DEW leadership and responsibility to develop effective outreach and “soft” infrastructure to sustain scientific research.

c. Establish responsibility for monitoring and compliance to ensure that research projects adhere to requirements and/or accomplish objectives.

d. Establish responsibility to ensure that all research efforts incorporate plans for sustainability.

e. CAC reports be shared with research teams.

f. Host meetings and events with appropriate cultural protocol by offering refreshments for participants.

g. Hawai‘i EPSCOR Website

i. Establish responsibility for data integrity and implementation of quality assurance/ quality control processes and procedures.

ii. Engage all end-user and stakeholder groups in website design.

h. All end-users and stakeholder groups should be actively involved in the website design.

75

Discussion:

A strong, sustainable, diverse and ethical Hawai‘i EPSCoR research community requires leadership and support from capable and efficient and management and administration. The CAC has observed that although IMUA III is in its second year, many management and administration structures and processes are still in flux. The CAC is concerned that without effective leadership and management, Hawai‘i EPSCoR will be unable to accomplish grant objectives and deliverables and that this may jeopardize the availability of research dollars received by the state.

76

77

This May 2011 update of Hawai‘i’s Investing in Multidisciplinary University Activities (IMUA III) Strategic Plan reflects the progress made by the program teams, over the past year toward fulfillment of their strategic objectives. The updated Plan also includes the realignment of certain activities that have been made to address concerns identified by various reviewers including the NSF Reverse Site Visit (RSV) panel, the Hawai‘i EPSCoR Monitoring and Assessment Panel (MAP), and our external evaluator to: (1) integrate and communicate across teams and activities; (2) expand diversity, education and workforce activities across the project, including full engagement with the Community Advisory Committee (CAC); (3) restructure the Statewide Committee and S&T Plan; (4) reassess the CYBER team’s role; (5) immerse the UHH Chancellor in management and implementation of IMUA III; and(6) use this updated

Strategic Plan as a vehicle to better manage and communicate effectively with IMUA III teams and outside stakeholders. The IMUA III project is driven by the vision of a prosperous and sustainable Hawai‘i where a technically competent workforce is engaged in diversified economic activity powered by innovations flowing from the latest transformative scientific ideas. This project builds on the infrastructure investments in human resources, equipment, and facilities made through prior EPSCoR awards and expands Hawai‘i’s research competitiveness in areas related to understanding and predicting how invasive species, anthropogenic activities and climate change impact the biodiversity, ecosystem function and current or potential human use of certain Hawaiian species. Integral components of this project include increasing cyberinfrastructure capacity, data visualization and modeling expertise, as well as broadening the diversity of the State’s science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) workforce. By providing hands-on research experiences for K-12, under-graduate and graduate students, especially those from under-represented groups, (including Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders and Filipinos), Hawai‘i will create a new generation of technically prepared candidates for jobs that are critical to the state’s future energy and sustainability goals.

78

Cultivating new relationships within the academic research community and the local community is a key element of IMUA III. Engagement of the local community in improving the research infrastructure and participating in project activities further enhances the sustainability of Hawai‘i's science and technology capabilities. By engendering mutual understanding and appreciation of the value of contemporary science within a rich cultural heritage, IMUA III is building a community of learners respectful of tradition and science. Through dialogue, IMUA III participants are building a

foundation of understanding of local interests upon which they can begin to communicate complex research topics in community-relevant terms. The Native Hawaiian community, in particular, has much knowledge to share with our teams. The rejuvenation of the Community Advisory Committee is facilitating regular, in-person meetings with team participants and community leaders.

Considerable progress has been made towards executing activities that contribute to the fulfillment of goals presented in this Plan. As part of the update process, researchers participated in a Strategic Planning Workshop in October 2010 that focused on accountability and tracking outcomes, including developing GANTT charts for each team's activities. The intent of the workshop was twofold: (1) expose the team participants to new tools that would assist with research planning by identifying critical path elements of their strategic plans; and (2) assist teams in identifying, prioritizing, and implementing cross-team activities. The use of a timeline format required the teams to examine their activities through a new lens and contributed directly to the ongoing integration of activities among all teams, especially in the research areas of ENDER, ECOGEM and CYBER. The examination of the timing of proposed activities when constructing the GANTT charts also resulted in more accurate projections of activities and increased granularity of completion dates. There are some significant changes to the Strategic Plan that are described briefly in the accompanying narratives. More specific discussions of these changes and the rationale for the changes can be found in the Annual Report. For example, the goals of the DEW strategic plan have been restated in more comprehensive terms. The reduction of the number of goals from eight (8) to three (3) does not change the scope of the deliverables of the project, but more clearly articulates goals from objectives, emphasizes the broader reach of DEW into the research teams, and better defines specific activities required to attain DEW outreach objectives. Each team’s section in this update includes a brief Research Overview statement that is intended to guide the strategic efforts of the team. Each team Goal is presented individually and includes a succinct discussion including: progress made during the

79

current reporting year; changes to the strategic plan; and projections for future work. Similarly, toward the end of each narrative an Outcomes section describes specific research, education and outreach expectations from each of the four (4) teams. Each team’s narrative concludes with a bulleted list of Cross-Team Integration Activities. Throughout the review and update of this strategic plan the Teams looked beyond their own Team’s work to articulate when and where synergistic activities did/could occur. This work has driven subsequent discussions on integrative activities including data access and QA/QC, bioinformatics, community engagement and appropriate new focal species. Another feature added in this update of the IMUA III Strategic Plan is a color-coded ‘Status’ column in the Strategic Plan Progress Tables. The colors in the field adjacent to each activity provide the reader with an immediate indication of progress being made. The color codes used in the strategic plan tables in this update are:

• GGGRRREEEEEENNN:: Completed Activity or Ahead of Schedule • YYYEEELLLLLLOOOWWW::: Activity in Progress or On Schedule • RRREEEDDD:: Change in Plan from Last Update or Behind Schedule

The second year of IMUA III has seen a significant increase of research, training, and education activity as highlighted in this update and further discussed in the Annual Report. A full suite of students was hired and the majority of post-doctoral positions were filled. We are finding that it is difficult to recruit into areas like bioinformatics because of the high demand for individuals with these skill sets in the private sector. Progress nonetheless continues and the momentum built over the past year of activity will continue into the busy summer field season and beyond.

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Overview. The Hawaiian Islands have been the incubator for some of the most spectacular plant and animal biological radiations on Earth. This is due, in large part, to the extreme isolation of the archipelago and habitat heterogeneity. These radiations appear to have arisen from rare natural colonization events with subsequent stepping-- stone colonization and diversification on new islands as they formed, followed by divergence within islands. This pattern has led to the evolution of a large number of single-- island endemic species of known maximum age (i.e., the age of the island). Estimating species ages to this degree of certainty is not possible in most other study systems. The parallel founding of new populations and species from a broad spectrum of organisms provides experimental replicates for testing evolutionary hypotheses. As the Hawaiian Islands boast spectacular species radiations representing all stages of the diversification process, they are ideal settings for studies of evolution, speciation, and local adaptation to the diverse environmental gradients. The aspects that make the Hawaiian Islands special also make them vulnerable. Global climate change is, arguably, one of the most significant threats and challenges facing places like Hawai‘i. The small, low-lying atolls to the northwest in the Papah naumoku kea Marine National Monument are critically sensitive to changes in sea level. Even though Hawai‘i experienced only a 6-foot wave during the recent Japanese tsunami, it is estimated that 10,000 sea birds were killed at Midway Atoll alone (primarily the vulnerable Laysan albatross). Although it is not anticipated that global warming will change sea levels as quickly or as much, this tragedy does underscore how sensitive the Hawaiian Islands are to perturbation. Characterizing the phenotypic and genotypic responses of indicator terrestrial and marine endemic species will be key factors in developing models to understand and predict the effects of global climate change on the Hawaiian ecosystem. Thus, the ECOGEM research team identified 8 goals in its investigation of how natural populations in Hawai‘i respond to environmental change. 1. Investigate the response of natural populations of marine and terrestrial (plant and animal) species to environmental changes at temporal and spatial scales with molecular genetic and phenotypic analyses. In the first year, the team identified the marine and terrestrial indicator species for this research effort. These include Drosophila sproati., D. ochracea, D. silvestris; Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ hi‘a); Zebrasoma flavescens (Yellow tang); Asparagopsis taxiformis (marine algae); Pocillopora damicornis (lace coral), Porites lobata (lobe coral), and Montipora capitata (rice coral). The locations for these studies have been identified on the Big Island, K ne‘ohe Bay, French Frigate Shoals, and Pearl and Hermes Atoll. The Drosophila research team has initiated an effort to identify insect-plant interactions and metabolomics. This new initiative is a direct result of the integration of research efforts within the ECOGEM team, i.e. between Bob Borris and Don Price. Collaborative ECOGEM Team efforts with ENDER to utilize the marine environmental data collected at ENDER sites have been initiated and will be enlarged in Year 3. ECOGEM is also working with CYBER in developing accessible databases for the information collected in these studies. 2. Examine the effect of human activities on biodiversity by determining the genetic and phenotypic variation of indicator species. The genotypic characterization of the organisms identified in Goal 1 has been initiated and for some organisms, completed. For D. sproati, D. ochracea, D. silvestris, the genetic specification of these species has been completed and RNA expression libraries have been constructed for D.

Research: ECOGEM-Ecological Genomics and Metabolomics

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sproati, and are being constructed for D. ochracea and D. silvestris. For Metrosideros polymorpha, the 15 microsatellite loci identified in prior studies have been used to identify the phylogenetic evolution of this Hawaiian endemic tree throughout the Archipelago and UH Hilo researcher, Elizabeth Stacy, has begun to correlate genotype with geographic location. Similarly, the genotype analyses of Z. flavescens, an endemic coral reef fish of Hawai‘i, and the corals, P. damicornis, P. lobata, and M. capitata, have been completed. The genotyping of Asparagopsis taxiformis indicates that there are at least 4 genotypes in Hawai‘i. The original isolate, type 2, is found throughout Hawai‘i whereas the other three genotypes are less widespread and may be recent introductions. Site preferences for optimal growth have not been determined for this species and ECOGEM investigators will be working with ENDER to map the location of A. taxiformis at ENDER marine field sites. 3. Examine the effects of environmental stressors, (e.g., heat, UV, differing water conditions, etc.) on economically and culturally significant Hawaiian organisms. Determination of the RNA expression base lines for indicator species was initiated in Year 2. Microarray analyses of D. sproati have been completed and over a 1000 genes were found to be differentially expressed in D. sproati exposed to two different temperature regimes. Future studies will include the specific identification of these genes and the monitoring of these genes in adaptation. The microarray chip for M. capitata has been constructed and the expression analysis of the coral exposed to different temperature, pH, and UV irradiance regimes and in diseased (growth anomalies) versus healthy corals will be conducted with the intent to identify genes potentially used by corals in adapting to environmental extremes. The genotypically characterized samples of P. lobata and P. damicornis are now being examined in laboratory studies for growth and wound healing rates and morphology under different environmental stressors. The objective of this study is to determine if any one particular genotype is associated with resistance or sensitivity to stressors. The genotyped M. polymorpha will be examined for functional genetic variation by sequence analysis of cRNA libraries. This information will be correlated with the metabolomic profiles for leaves and twigs as determined by LC-MS (liquid chromatographic mass spectroscopy) and GC-MS (gas chromatographic mass spectroscopy). In year 3, a collaborative study examining different populations of M. polymorpha for seasonal and geographic variation in metabolite profiles will be initiated. Microsatellite analysis of Z. flavescens has been completed. ECOGEM is working with ENDER to examine Z. flavescens genotype and habitat distribution in year 2. ECOGEM and ENDER will also collaborate on a project examining the distribution of A. taxiformis in the marine site selected by ENDER for long term monitoring. Mapping the distribution of A. taxiformis has been initiated and ECOGEM will characterize the genotype variants at the different sites. ECOGEM investigators are working with their ENDER colleagues at appropriate environmental sites to conduct genotype analyses, RNA expression analyses, and metabolomic analyses, in the context of long term environmental monitoring. An ENDER site on Hawai‘i (Big Island) has been identified for joint studies on D. sproati expression analysis and forest ecosystem environmental monitoring. An ENDER marine field site’s benthic maps will identify the location of A. taxiformis and provide environmental data that might have some impact on the algae’s metabolomic and RNA expression profiles. 4 and 5. Establish baseline seasonal and geographic metabolite profiles for selected species of terrestrial and marine plants.

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Studies of the metabolites expressed by M. polymorpha and Artocarpus altilis are also under way. Bulk collections of both plants have been secured and extracted, and initial fractionations have been performed. A detailed chemical analysis of the leaf extract of M. polymorpha has recently been started. Collections in support of the seasonal variation study of both species commenced in February 2011 and will continue on a monthly timetable for 24 months. ECOGEM supported graduate student, Emilia Sogin, is using LC-MS and NMR to compare the metabolite profiles of corals that host a diversity of dinoflagellate endosymbionts (flexible corals), with coral that associate with only one or two specific and very closely related dinoflagellates types (specific corals). The latter corals are generally resistant to climate change stressors (e.g. massive Porites) and the former are stress sensitive (e.g. Pocilloporids and Montipora). In preliminary work conducted at HIMB, effective extraction protocols have been developed and her analyses demonstrate that each coral species is characterized by a specific metabolite profile. Ms. Sogin also participated in a one-month research trip to Taiwan as part of an NSF EAGER award (international programs) to develop international networks for the study of Pacific corals. During this time she leveraged the exceptional coral culture and mesocosm facilities at the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium (NMMBA) to run thermal challenge experiments to evaluate their impact on the metabolite profiles of corals that are flexible and specific with respect to their dinoflagellate endosymbionts. Ms. Sogin has been awarded an NSF EAPSI fellowship and will be spending an additional 6 weeks at the NMMBA this summer (2011) under the supervision of Dr. Chii-Shiarng Chen. Ms. Sogin has also developed collaboration with David Horgen at Hawai‘i Pacific University to facilitate the chemical and statistical analysis of metabolites from Hawaiian corals.

6. Determine the differences in ‘awa (Kava; Piper methysticum) metabolites resulting from ethnobotanical and geographic variations.

The project characterizing the metabolites of Piper methyscum (‘awa or kava) has resulted in the development of robust, repeatable assays for the kavalactone compounds. It appears that elevation in basal cytosolic free calcium may be a viable substitute for kavalactone activity. Of interest were the large numbers of inflammatory responses unaffected by even high concentrations of purified kavalactones. These data create an intriguing basis on which to assess the effect of full extracts of ‘awa in order to reconcile its potency in situ. In year 2, these assays are being used to examine ‘awa grown under different ethnobotanical regimes (traditional culturing methods of growing ‘awa may change the properties of the extract) and in different geographic regions. A survey of cultural practices that are related to the preparation of these plants in Pacific Islands has been developed and distributed through various groups including student Pacific Societies, the Community Advisory Committee and collaborators in the Pacific. The survey and its analysis will be completed in year 2 and the data converted to a series of standard operating procedures for ‘awa preparation from various Pacific societies. 7. Provide molecular genetics support to UH Hilo and Hawai‘i Island research and education communities.

A new ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer and a new StepOne Plus Real-Time PCR were purchased for the UH Hilo core facility. This has enabled this facility to more effectively serve the UH Hilo community and its federal agency partners. Anne Veillet, the Core facility manager has been able to provide sequence data for 12 users at UH Hilo. An Illumina next generation sequencer was purchased for the UH M noa’s Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology core facility. The

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machine which just arrived at HIMB will be assembled and available to the entire University system. Workshops to acquaint the University community with this technology will be offered by Illumina as part of its purchase plan.

8. Train students and sustain the research program by fostering collaborations, disseminating results and securing external funding.

ECOGEM team members collaborate with both the DEW team and other educational partners to recruit and mentor undergraduate students in the research programs at UH Hilo and UH M noa. Established partnerships between some ECOGEM and DEW team members continue to provide opportunities for undergraduate research experience, and DEW will be collaborating with the ECOGEM team to provide research experiences for K-20 students. Team members participate in the career fair offered by Kapi‘olani Community College (KCC) every year and host KCC biology students in STEM research tours every semester. This experience was established to provide a pipeline for students from the local communities to become engaged in research at HIMB. These students will be tracked by KCC as they transfer from community college into 4 year institutions and beyond as to their continuation in science fields. At UH Hilo, an active and successful CREST program, Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science, (headed by ECOGEM team member D. Price) is bringing local students into graduate careers. HIMB ECOGEM faculty members serve on the CREST Board of Advisors with their colleagues at UH Hilo so the integration of ECOGEM team members occurs at many levels. The annual symposium that highlights the research efforts of the graduate students (largely Hawaiian and other minority students), whose faculty mentors are ECOGEM researchers, demonstrates the success of this program and its integration with ECOGEM. At HIMB, an NSF funded program, Laulima A ‘Ike Pono, another effort to recruit and train local students in science, takes community volunteers, high school and undergraduate students and sites their learning experience at a local fishpond to learn about hydrologic and nutrient cycles through traditional (Hawaiian) and modern Western science research methods. Another high school program, NALU studies, is a collaborative program between Windward Community College, the Pacific American Foundation (NGO), and HIMB. High school students, identified by the justice system as “at risk”, are enrolled into NALU studies (two weeks at spring break and four weeks during the summer) to become engaged in science through field and laboratory experiences. In the 3 years HIMB has helped sponsor this program, the ECOGEM CORE Lab has trained these students in DNA sequence analysis. Of the 30+ students who have graduated from the program, two students are employed with the USFWS, which is paying for their college studies. Eight students have returned as mentors in the program indicating the positive effects of focusing these students on development and application of skills.

In a novel method for both data visualization and archiving the survey results, students in the new CS480 ‘Computing in Traditional Medicine” course at Chaminade (initiated through EPSCoR) are producing ALICE video animations of awa preparation methodologies used in the Pacific region. Research interns have been recruited into active research programs at the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology (2 undergraduates) and UH Hilo (5 undergraduates). Two postdoctoral fellows have been recruited and six graduate students have initiated their studies in ECOGEM laboratories. The graduate students are already engaged in writing proposals for competitive research fellowships including NSF graduate research awards, EPA Star fellowships, and private foundation fellowships.

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Undergraduate and graduate students are required to participate in weekly journal clubs and annual symposia that provide experience with public presentations.

In year 3, these efforts will continue and ECOGEM will work with the DEW team and other education partners to recruit and support students in these efforts. Outcomes. These studies will provide a robust, comprehensive view of the ecology of the Hawaiian Archipelago and how it changes over the next five year period. The expected outcomes of this effort are the identification of Indicator species of ecosystem function in the terrestrial and marine environment. Stress response traits and genes that respond to environmental change will be catalogued. The projected large sampling efforts guided in part by members of the Community Advisory Committee will provide a dynamic picture of the islands. Strategic initiatives in environmental metabolomics/functional genomics should be instituted and we plan to secure funding for training initiatives in bioinformatics and modeling in environmental metabolomics/functional genomics. These latter efforts will be done in cooperation with ENDER and CYBER. Summary of Cross-Team Integration.

1. Collaborative ECOGEM efforts with ENDER to utilize the marine environmental data collected at ENDER sites have been initiated and will be expanded in year 3.

2. ECOGEM and CYBER are working together to develop an accessible database for the information collected in these studies.

3. ECOGEM will be working with ENDER to map the location of A. taxiformis in ENDER marine field sites and determine the site preferences for optimal growth.

4. ECOGEM and ENDER will work together to examine Z. flavescens genotype and habitat distribution.

5. ECOGEM team members collaborate with the DEW team to recruit undergraduate students into the research programs at UH Hilo and UH M noa.

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Overview. To focus our research effort on the environmental changes occurring throughout the Hawaiian archipelago, we have revised our goals in order to integrate our objectives among ENDER teams and with other IMUA III components. ENDER is a collaborative research network that is expanding efforts to address the environmental effects on ecosystem dynamics and functions among terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

1. Investigate climate and vegetation in Hawaiian forest ecosystems to assess the interrelationships between climate, plant species composition, ecosystem structure and function. Long-term climate and forest measurements, across elevation gradients that also vary in temperature, and precipitation, are important in order to develop baseline data that allows for detection of the impacts of climate change and species invasion in Hawai‘i. With IMUA III investments in infrastructure, the ENDER team is establishing a state-of-the art climate network in terrestrial and marine experimental plots on the Island of Hawai‘i. The ENDER team has designed a network of climate stations with state-of-the art equipment in both the Windward and Leeward sides of the island. Adjacent to these stations the research group is examining ecosystem processes such as carbon flux and vegetation dynamics (e.g. tree growth and mortality). On the Leeward side of Hawai‘i Island, the team has three of its four planned climate stations up and running; the upper elevation station must be delayed into Year 3 or 4 due to new requirements for state permits. On the Windward side, all three planned climate stations are now operational. In established forest plots, vegetation has been resampled in the two HIPPNET plots (10% of the area is done annually) and resampling of the nine Windward ecosystem plots will be conducted in summer and fall 2011. A new mid-elevation Leeward plot was established and a newly proposed high-elevation Leeward plot is being planned for future sampling. Throughout the project, the forest structure and the dynamics of the test plots are serving not only as a measure for the current state but also as a baseline for future studies that will sustain the competitiveness of the ENDER group. As a milestone, one important long-term goal is to establish sufficient experimental data over six years to apply for a Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTER) grant. 2. Investigate the role of coastal and upland populations of invasive kiawe trees and associated vegetation on water, carbon, and nutrient dynamics in the terrestrial zones of K holo and Kaloko-Honok hau.

ENDER is investigating the role of coastal and upland populations of invasive nitrogen-fixing kiawe trees on water use and nutrient inputs into soils and coastal zones in two areas of leeward Hawai‘i Island, K holo and Kaloko-Honok hau. The team is investigating water use by comparing coastal plots of kiawe vegetation, which may be tapping into a freshwater lens, with upland kiawe plots. Regular sampling of sapflow, water potential, quantum efficiency, and stable isotopes have been taken to determine the sources and quantity of kiawe's water uptake. To address questions regarding nitrogen inputs into aquatic systems, we are focusing on the influence of kiawe vegetation surrounding unique anchialine pond ecosystems. Additional objectives have been added to better characterize the anchialine ponds and reflect of sampling

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scheme that includes a variety of ponds of different sizes and surrounding vegetation along the Kona coast of Hawai‘i Island. Work in anchialine ponds will includes ongoing, regular sampling of litterfall, N isotopes in leaves, pond water, algae, and shrimp is ongoing, to determine how N inputs from kiawe might alter food web dynamics. Soil, litter and other samples are being tested for nutrient concentrations and other important parameters that are impacted by climate and species type.

3. Investigate the origin and flow of subterranean groundwater throughout the ahupua‘a and its socio-economic impacts.

Iterative groundwater biogeochemistry and hydrogeological modeling are being combined by ENDER to study the subsurface groundwaters that feed the large volumes of submarine groundwater discharge. Groundwater models are being developed for the two marine plots--- the anthropogenically-impacted Kaloko-Honok hau coastal region to the south and relatively pristine K holo Bay region to the north. Using data from Source Water Assessment Program database and the State of Hawai‘i, Commission on Water Resources Management Well database, ENDER scientists have completed their first ground water model for northern sectors and identified new sampling locations in the upland areas of the Hual lai groundwater system. These wells, being significantly upgradient from the coastal discharge zones, and are providing valuable new data needed to analyze the evolution of groundwater as it travels from the recharge zone to the coast. The Team has established connections with the Department of Water Supply and other local concerns that allowed them to sample over 30 wells thus far. Based on a study plan change in Year 3, new remote geophysical methods that employ non-invasive resistivity measurements will be used for monitoring and modeling of the depths, shapes, and configuration of the nutrient-bearing freshwater groundwater lens in the subsurface. These studies will help understand their interaction and mixing with the subsurface intrusion of ocean waters from the coast. The presence of groundwater resources, temporal and spatial change in groundwater levels, existence of contaminants, and aquifer heterogeneities will be tested. The culmination of this part of the project will determine the pathways, transit times in the subsurface, and the biogeochemical and stable isotopic evolution of groundwaters as they travel from surface to subsurface, and from mountaintop to coast, as well as the socioeconomic impacts and implications of nutrient inputs to groundwaters.

4. Investigate variation in environmental factors (e.g., nutrients forms and concentrations) in coastal marine systems to assess the biotic responses, particularly in relation to dynamics in the coastal groundwater plumes. In the marine component, ENDER is using integrated technologies to document spatial and temporal variation in environmental factors, particularly as related to submarine groundwater, at the two established marine plot sites. Different forms and concentrations of nutrients (inorganic and organic) associated with the dynamics in coastal groundwater plumes are being documented, along with estimates of the variation of nutrient delivery via groundwater discharge and corresponding changes. Surface mapping of the groundwater plume has been conducted quarterly at the two marine plot sites using a multi-parameter probe, nutrient analysis of surface, profile, substrate samples, and analysis of metabolic processes in surface waters (net primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM)). During this year and continuing in year 3, the deployment of real-time continuous monitoring buoys at the two marine plots will establish a long-term monitoring dataset that will elucidate variability in groundwater plume dynamics in the marine environment. Through collaboration with the CYBER group, data

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generated by the buoys will be available for download on a public website. Nutrient fluxes delivered by groundwater discharge to the coastal zone are being documented at two marine plots. The team has completed quarterly sampling of groundwater tracers that is enabling them to calculate groundwater fluxes to the coastal zone and also the corresponding nutrient inputs that are a result of those inputs. The Team has sampled tracers for both terrestrial freshwater and recirculated seawater and is working on producing spatial distribution maps of discharge sites. We will continue this sampling throughout year 3 to observe any temporal variation in groundwater and nutrient fluxes. Concurrently with these studies, ENDER has been collecting water quality parameters and stable isotope signatures of nutrients and the groundwater in the nearshore waters and also in coastal wells upstream from the studied marine plots. ENDER is also near the completion of developing a new nearshore buoy to monitor radon as a tracer of the groundwater discharge. Based on our spatial tracer surveys, we have selected an optimal site for the radon buoy that would enable ENDER scientists to observe groundwater discharge rates at one of the major sources of groundwater to the coastal zone in K holo Bay. Currently, the buoy is being customized and is planned for deployment during the last quarter of year 2.

Groundwater and land-sea gradients are being studied by ENDER to document chemical composition and nutrients both in watersheds and the ocean. The fate of these waters will be traced over a wide area and include the determination of submarine ground water discharge over a four-year period. The effort focuses on defining the main sources of nutrient inputs as a means of establishing the impact of various activities on the nutrient flows to the coast. The biological responses to nutrient dynamics and other environmental factors at the two marine plots are being evaluated by investigating the pelagic and benthic algal biomass, productivity, community structure, and food web dynamics. During year 2, ENDER scientists initiated investigation of plankton dynamics associated with groundwater plume characteristics using flow cytometry. Characterization of benthic communities was also initiated during year 2 to provide baseline data for productivity and food web studies scheduled to start in year 4. Also in year 4, the team will begin quantitative molecular analyses of variations in gene expressions in nitrogen metabolism of coral (M. capitata) holobiont (i.e., coral and associated microbial consortium). This research effort will be conducted in collaboration with ECOGEM investigator from HIMB, Dr. Ruth Gates, using an expression microarray developed by an EPSCoR-hired postdoc and a microarray printer purchased by the previous EPSCoR funding. The overall goal of this component of the project is to understand the relative impact of various environmental factors, particularly different concentrations and sources of nutrients, on nitrogen cycle and partitioning of foundation species, community structure and productivity, diversity, and food web structure at the two marine plot sites.

Data gathered during these various activities will be made available through a collaborative effort with the CYBER group. Long-term modeling of this data will help guide future policy in good land and water management. 5. Train students and sustain the research program by fostering collaborations, disseminating results and securing external funding. Numerous undergraduate and graduate students have been trained to conduct research activities in each of the ENDER research areas. UHH and UHM scientists advise students working on thesis projects related to specific aspects of the project. Many of the students and post-docs work

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closely with agency collaborators to complete tasks. Kiawe and anchialine pond studies are conducted by students and post-docs under the supervision academic, federal (US Forest Service) and state (DAR) scientists. Students have presented their results at several state and national meetings. ENDER is working closely with the DEW team to identify Native Hawaiian and other underrepresented students to work with the ENDER team research projects. Thus far, the DEW team has worked with ENDER team leads to place six (6) interns for summer research experiences through their Pacific Island Programs for Exploring Science (PIPES) program. 6. Integrate with other IMUAIII components (ECOGEM, CYBER, DEW) to enhance research development, education opportunities and outreach. Improved study plans developed by ECOGEM and ENDER scientists allow for innovative investigation of gene expressions in nitrogen metabolism of corals using expression microarray technology and enhance collaborations, as described under Goal 4.

In collaboration with the CYBER group, we have derived plans to implement data transfer and QA/QC procedures. Data will be transferred to the Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository for future visualization and modeling. Discussions are underway for integrating CYBER scientists into ENDER research efforts.

Opportunities to incorporate more underrepresented students into ENDER research efforts have been planned with DEW staff members. Discussions with the Community Advisory Committee and DEW have focused on new opportunities and outreach strategies for ENDER scientists and students to engage with the community. This June, ENDER researchers will mentor Pacific Island Programs for Exploring Science (PIPES) undergraduate interns and participate in the DEW middle school program, which will engage forty 8th grade students.

Outcomes.

Key outcomes for the ENDER include: 1) catalogue of terrestrial and marine ecosystem response to environmental change completed; 2) enhanced communication between environmental researchers and the local community including Native Hawaiians; and 3) opportunities created for students from underrepresented groups to receiving training and engage in environmental research in Hawai‘i. Summary of Cross-Team Integration.

1. Through ENDER and CYBER collaboration, validated data generated by the monitoring buoys will be available for download on a public website.

2. ENDER is working with ECOGEM to map the location of A. taxiformis in ENDER marine field sites and determine the site preferences for optimal growth.

3. ENDER and ECOGEM are working together to examine Z. flavescens genotype and habitat distribution.

4. ENDER is working closely with the DEW to identify Native Hawaiian and other underrepresented students to work with the ENDER team research projects. So far, DEW has worked with ENDER team leads to place six (6) interns for summer research experiences through their PIPES program.

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Overview. The following highlights the Cyberinfrastructure (CYBER) team’s progress towards meeting the goals and objectives of the strategic plan. We have structured our discussion based upon the 4 main goals for CYBER: 1) Building the Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository, 2) Establishing the Data Visualization, Analysis and Modeling Center, 3) High Performance Computing, Networking and Collaboration, and 4) Institutional Transformation and Human Capacity Development. 1. Establish a new centralized integrative capability to responsibly store and manage access to massive (terabyte) research datasets for the IMUA III research teams and broader statewide research community.

The Hawai‘i Geospatial Data Repository (HGDR) infrastructure is in place and operational. Upgrades made in year 2 further expand the storage capacity of the infrastructure and improve integration of services, including between RII Track 1 and Track 2 projects. The HGDR includes server and storage resources at both the UHM and UHH campuses. In Hilo, this is part of the Spatial Data Analysis Labs infrastructure. Several web mapping and database services for the ENDER and ECOGEM teams have been completed or are running in development and testing mode. One area where our efforts are currently being focused is on Sensor Data integration into the HGDR. CYBER’s review of national systems in this area is coming to a conclusion. It is anticipated that a prototype system will be available for testing by the end of August 2011. This system will have the longer term goal of performing automated QA/QC on incoming sensor data. Coupled with this effort, we have developed a data upload and download interface for Hawai‘i scientists to access the HGDR to store, view, query and retrieve their datasets. Future plans include making these data available worldwide.

Developing a robust spatial data management system for the HGDR is a priority for the CYBER team. To achieve this end and to draw in statewide spatial data stakeholders and custodian participation from users involved in research, an HGDR Advisory Group has been formed that consists of individuals from government, academia, industry and user groups. The development of this system is a key objective for years 3 and 4 of this project. Considerable progress has been made towards the restructuring of the Hawai‘i EPSCoR website. The CYBER and Admin teams have been collaborating together to create a portal to accommodate NSF reporting and to facilitate greater collaboration and information sharing among teams. 2. Establish a new Data Visualization and Modeling Center on the UH Hilo campus that expands upon existing capacity in the Spatial Data Analysis Lab (SDAL) that was developed with previous EPSCoR funding and establish a Visualization Lab on the UH M noa campus with local visualization capabilities. A modeling post-doc has been hired to focus attention on utilizing researcher datasets to investigate patterns and relationships found in the unique ecosystems of the Hawaiian Island chain. Initial modeling and analysis efforts have been undertaken to model the evolutionary population dynamics between native and invasive species. These models study the level of

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pressure and disruption that the introduction of a highly evolved invasive species places upon a specialized native species within an isolated environment. Our model has been implemented and we are currently in the process of experimental analysis and evaluation of our model and have begun manuscript preparation efforts.

Our original timeframe called for a working proof of concept by Spring 2011 of models of the Hawaiian Islands using data collected by ENDER and ECOGEM and from the HGDR. This effort has been delayed due to the difficulty encountered in hiring a modeling post-doc. The post-doc has now been hired and started work in April 2011. As a result, we anticipate that this effort will be delayed by two quarters (see the revised CYBER Strategic Plan timeline spreadsheet). As part of the post-doc’s responsibilities, he will be actively engaging members of the ENDER and ECOGEM teams to assess the types of data they are collecting and to begin development on a complex, multi-layered agent-based model of the entire island that includes climate, groundwater, ecological data and human factors. Also, CYBER will collaborate with the Redlands Institute to implement agent based models.

Although the visualization agenda for the CYBER team was not scheduled to begin until year 3, preliminary experiments with Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) technology have commenced. Research and learning initiatives in Biology, Bioinformatics and Modelling in Environmental Metabolomics/Functional Genomics will be greatly aided with GPU-Based Visualization tools and technologies. Scientific Visualization reveals relationships that are otherwise hidden and difficult to understand. As part of the Visualization applications' development platform, the CYBER team is in the process of assembling a GPU server. Purchasing individual pieces from different vendors and assembling the server in our lab provides an excellent learning opportunity for our students and reduces costs significantly. It is necessary that we develop (or customize tools) applications for providing Visualization support to our researchers/scientists as there is no effective commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) software available to visualize various formats of our research data (such as DNA sequencing, genomics, modeling, bioinformatics, cell biology, biological or organic evolution, etc.) and assist in scientific computation. We understand the complexity of this task and have taken the initiative to develop a web-based remote Visualization System. Year 3 is scheduled for the design and development of more advanced 3D Visualization environments, and the CYBER team is working towards this objective by consulting with other national academic institutions that have this capability. 3. Integrate IMUA III cyberinfrastructure to leverage other Hawai‘i-based initiatives in high performance computing, networking and collaboration technologies to ensure a robust, scalable, supported and highly available shared integrated cyberinfrastructure for the IMUA III research teams and others. 4. CYBER team members now have access to the Hawai‘i Open Super Computing Center (HOSC) operated by the Maui High Performance Computing Center for the University. Our team is investigating avenues for building linkages between the HGDR and HOSC to facilitate groundwater modeling, genomic data analysis and visualization of processed data results. These modeling efforts support the research of both the ENDER and ECOGEM teams. Network capacity funding has been secured to deploy 10 Gbps to each campus through the NSF EPSCoR RII-C2 program.

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5. IMUA III will establish a UH System-wide Computational Science & Cyberinfrastructure Working Group focused on Institutional Transformation and Human Capacity Development. This working group will establish a UH strategy for helping researchers on all campuses understand the transformation in research taking place as articulated by the NSF CI (Atkins) Report and developing a system-wide workforce development effort in Computational Science and related research support service.

During the past year, the CYBER team at UHH has initiated a working bioinformatics collaboration with researchers in the INBRE/COBRE Bioinformatics core at UHM. We will assist them in developing web-portal-based bioinformatics data analysis tools. The development of these tools also will aid the ECOGEM team in conducting their research. To the same end, we are establishing a bioinformatics collaboration with the USDA’s Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center (PBARC). In exchange for data storage support with the HGDR, they will provide our EPSCoR researchers with access to the bioinformatics cluster they are building. The CYBER team is working towards a developing an undergraduate program in computational science. A pilot course in bioinformatics, currently being offered (Spring 2011) at UH Hilo, leads the curriculum development in this initiative that will develop a new workforce that is capable in both natural science research and computational science. It is important to note that under current accreditation conditions, UH cannot offer system-wide degrees. Degrees are only offered by accredited campuses. However, campuses can and do collaborate in: 1) the development of shared curricula that span multiple levels; and 2) in the delivery of courses required for degrees awarded by multiple campuses. In addition, HI EPSCoR believes that certificates may also be useful, in addition to undergraduate degrees.

There is strong local demand for computational science training options, with additional emphasis coming from the UH System President’s Advisory Committee on Innovation. The UH President and senior academic executives have discussed this initiative and indicated their support. It will also include developing an understanding of other workforce gaps in the support of cyberinfrastructure-enabled research. UH will form a system-wide study group to start planning a computational science degree option. The study will begin with an inventory of existing courses and curricula at all campuses in order to understand what may be immediately sharable, what courses may appropriately be enhanced to make them more relevant, and where we may need new courses. The initiative will also be informed by a review of computational science curricula at other institutions. HI EPSCoR will present to NSF a plan before the end of 2011 for this system wide curricular initiative in computational science.

Obtaining significant internal funding for new curricular initiatives is very difficult at this time due to State and institutional budget shortfalls. Nonetheless, we will get started planning and also monitor opportunities for external funding that might be available.

Outcomes.

Key outcomes for CYBER include: 1) geospatial information and mass storage capability integrated to support the research agenda; 2) infrastructure enhanced to enable the discovery and dissemination of new scientific relationships; 3) high performance computing, networking and collaboration leveraged; 4) system-wide computational science and cyberinfrastructure working group

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established; 5) statewide research and educational support provided through cooperative activities between EPSCoR, K-12 entities, and many state federal and private research entities in the state; and 6) developing an undergraduate program in computational science. Summary of Cross-Team Integration.

1. The CYBER team is working with the ECOGEM and ENDER teams to fully integrate CYBER faculty and new technological innovations into the research programs.

2. CYBER and ECOGEM are working together to develop an accessible database for the information collected and novel modeling and analysis approaches.

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Overview. IMUA III builds on earlier EPSCoR investments in education, infrastructure, and workforce developments to expand and strengthen the diversity of STEM activities and participants in Hawai‘i. Over the past six months, the DEW team has consolidated eight initial goals into three main goals. The three goals build upon efforts and goals of year 1-2, while expanding education and outreach services with a focus on working with EPSCoR researchers on those efforts. The overall goal of DEW remains building strong, resilient communities through increasing the entry and success of our local youth, especially those from underrepresented backgrounds, in STEM careers. The sections below discuss these changes, what has been accomplished in each goal, challenges and how we are meeting them.

Facilitate participation of Native Hawaiians and other underrepresented minorities in EPSCoR & other Hawai‘i science outreach and research efforts.

This goal was created to consolidate all of the education programming that encourages K-20 participation in STEM into one overarching goal to facilitate the participation and success of Native Hawaiians and other underrepresented minorities in EPSCoR and other Hawai‘i science outreach and research efforts. Five initial DEW strategic plan goals were brought under this goal: Goal 1 (designing a STEM Pathway Matrix), Goal 3 (creating a Statewide Calendar), Goal 4 (Create a dissemination and communication plan for informing students of STEM opportunities), Goal 6 (coordinating research experiences for undergraduates), and Goal 7 (develop outreach programs for K-12 students). Goal 5 from the 2010 Strategic plan (coordinate research experiences for graduate and post-doctoral students) has been deleted from the DEW plan, as the responsibility of involving graduate students and post-doctoral students lies with the research teams. However, the DEW team will work with researchers to identify potential candidates for upcoming positions.

Therefore, the main objectives (under Goal 1) for year 3 will focus on: 1) strengthening undergraduate research opportunities with EPSCoR researchers and other STEM partners, 2) building institutional collaborations and capacity between STEM-related programs on different campuses, 3) supporting researcher’s efforts to engage and mentor diverse audiences (diversity initiative goals, mentoring strategies), 4) informing K-20 audiences about STEM opportunities, and 5) enhancing K-12 STEM outreach efforts. These objectives do not represent any significant change in strategy. However, EPSCoR has now linked with UHH’s Pacific Island Programs for Exploring Science (PIPES) to join KCC as its DEW implementation team. Both PIPES and KCC have strong records of collaboration and support for STEM outreach, partnership, education, and research and their partnership results in a very strong DEW team.

In year 2, progress was made on the above noted objectives. While initially separate concepts, the STEM Pathway Matrix (formerly Goal 1) and the Statewide Calendar of STEM Events (formerly Goal 3) have started to merge as databases were designed, fields identified and linkages examined. The database framework for the STEM Pathway Matrix was developed by a CYBER student with the UHH DEW effort under the guidance of the N Pua No‘eau program. DEW in association with CYBER, researched STEM calendars already available through other potential partners and explored linking with other efforts. During this same time, the CYBER and Admin teams revamped the EPSCoR web site to include a calendar function. As a result, our DEW efforts have been restructured into the new Goal 1. To achieve this goal, DEW is

Research: DEW-Diversity, Education and Workforce

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working with CYBER to create and publish on the EPSCoR website a database/matrix of STEM programs that provide opportunities for K-20 students, as well as to link EPSCoR-associated efforts with other STEM calendars and outreach avenues in order to inform underrepresented populations about STEM related opportunities.

DEW provided significant numbers of research experiences for undergraduates (formerly Goal 6) through year 2. DEW staff recruited and mentored five EPSCoR-supported interns at KCC, as well as providing support for another 46 students (18 of whom were Native Hawaiian) on research experiences and posters with other KCC programs and researchers. DEW was joined by the Pacific Island Programs for Exploring Science (PIPES) in early 2011 and that program is currently planning 38 summer research internships with UH faculty and agency partners, including 6 with EPSCoR researchers. This partnership has leveraged resources and staff to provide mentoring and support for other STEM student efforts. DEW also coordinated a mentor training effort with CYBER in late 2010 at UHH to improve support for underrepresented students while KCC provided assistance to 12 faculty members hosting student research experiences. These efforts will continue through DEW as outlined in the revised strategic plan, with a focus on strengthened undergraduate research opportunities, supporting researcher’s efforts in engaging and mentoring diverse audiences, and building institutional collaborations and capacity between STEM-related programs at UH. These goals build on the considerable strengths the DEW team has in these areas and focus on building a strong STEM pipeline for students throughout the state.

Outreach and education programs for K-12 audiences (formerly Goal 7) provided opportunities for over 1,800 students and their families. Forty-one Native Hawaiians students participated in a summer institute focused on STEM themes of sustainability in Summer 2010 coordinated by DEW (N Pua No‘eau). DEW worked at KCC with university and community partners to: 1) coordinate STEM tutoring and mentoring by KCC service learning students to local community youth, 2) hosted a middle school science fair, and 3) is developing a “Discovery Science Program” and facility in the nearby P lolo community that will provide year-round STEM enrichment activities for the mainly Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander youth and their families of that community. DEW’s Archimedes Hawai‘i “Makery” project held four teacher workshops for 20 teachers and support personnel to train them to integrate computer-aided design (CAD), computer assisted manufacturing (CAM) and computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines into classroom and after-school activities. In year 3, CNC micromills will be located and supported at sites to aid ongoing school-based activities. On Hawai‘i Island at the Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center (PACRC), DEW developed a unit-based educational tour on marine and coastal resources for 150 local school children, while over 1500 K-12 students and their families attended the Ocean Day Hawai‘i 2011 event, that included highlights of ENDER, ECOGEM and CYBER research and projects. DEW also worked with CYBER to facilitate exploration of GIS technologies with a National Park Service coordinated STEM program, ‘Imi Pono no ka ‘ ina, for middle school children. These efforts will be continued in Year 3 to enhance K-12 STEM outreach efforts through enrichment activities. In response to program reviews, this will include enhanced middle-school summer research intensive opportunities, as well as other K-12 programs, facilitation of EPSCoR research partnerships with other STEM efforts, community education efforts that link in children and their families, and bring STEM into the classrooms and communities through school-university partnerships.

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Facilitate STEM outreach and collaborate with other EPSCoR teams on strategies to initiate and build partnerships with different audiences (community, agencies and organizations and students) for STEM efforts statewide.This initiative addresses recommendations made in NSF external reviews and discussions with the Community Advisory Committee for Hawai‘i EPSCoR to more effectively engage with its communities and put specific goals into IMUA III’s strategic plan that focus on outreach. It was not adequately described in the prior strategic plan and yet it is an essential role of Hawai‘i EPSCoR: improve the linkages between researchers/teams and the community through partnerships and outreach. Therefore, while our original Goal 2 included organizing an annual STEM meeting to enhance collaboration/ coordination of the integration of STEM research with education, our new Goal 2 greatly expands that strategy. Rather than conducting a single annual meeting, the DEW Team will work with EPSCoR teams and other researchers and programs to facilitate and coordinate outreach efforts between the EPSCoR research teams, K-12 partners and community-based organizations. “Outreach” is defined broadly and includes communication with user groups, stakeholders and communities that will lead to authentic, mutually beneficial and sustainable partnerships in years 3-5.DEW was already involved with implementing these ideas in Year 2. DEW partnered with other research and education efforts on the KCC campus to host a 3-day symposium on “Energy, Resources and Island Sustainability” that linked students and community to STEM topics and research. Ocean Day Hawai‘i 2011 provided a rich opportunity for EPSCoR and other researchers to showcase their research to a broader community and DEW worked with teams to develop educational booths and activities. DEW also assisted ENDER and CYBER in the coordination of the Big Island Water Resources Meeting that brought over 50 researchers and resource managers together to give presentations of past, current and future efforts and activities regarding freshwater and coastal water resources on the island.

In year 3 DEW will facilitate a greater presence at community STEM events by EPSCoR researchers and help them develop audience-appropriate outreach activities. This will allow EPSCoR to showcase their research and workshops and to better understand how their research links with the community’s needs and indigenous and local knowledge. Further, DEW will work with EPSCoR research teams to facilitate meetings with community and research partners to build strong, mutually beneficial sustainable partnerships between UH and communities.

Conduct and disseminate research identifying best practices in supporting Native Hawaiian and Other Underrepresented students in STEM higher education.

This goal is the same as the Goal 8 in the DEW Year 2 plan. Across the UH System there are numerous successful STEM programs that have increased the interest and graduation rate of K-12 and undergraduate students, especially of underrepresented minorities. In Year 2, DEW was active in presenting research findings, state and nationwide, regarding successful diversity education programming. DEW also participated in sessions discussing best practices for engaging Native Hawaiians in STEM programs at both the Hawai‘i Conservation Conference in Fall 2010 and the Native Hawaiian Education Association in Spring 2011. In year 3 DEW will: 1) work together on research and presentations regarding effective practices for engaging underrepresented students in STEM;

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2) increase exposure of successful strategies, frameworks and programs both locally and nationally that support undergraduate students in the pursuit of STEM degrees and employment.

This goal is relatively unchanged from previous years and will again be augmented with the efforts of the PIPES team at UHH joining those at the KCC Office for Institutional Effectiveness. The KCC DEW team has a strong local, regional, and national network for dissemination of Hawai‘i-based best practices.

Through participation and leadership in the International Institute on Partnerships (Dr. Franco is on the IIP advisory board), led by Portland State University, DEW will advance the scholarship of campus-community partnerships. These partnerships are of critical importance in sustaining HI EPSCoR program quality and building Hawai‘i's STEM enterprise in the years ahead. As federal and state support for higher education declines, the IIP is leading national research on effective partnerships with K-12 schools, low income communities, community-based organizations, governmental agencies, private sector businesses, and local, state, and national foundations."

This partnership development is also critical to the success Kapi‘olani Community College's efforts to institutionalize STEM through its NSF "Innovation Through Institutional Integration" project (I-cubed), and its two new NSF grants supporting "Ahupua‘a Science" and a "Pre-Engineering Education Collaborative. Kapi‘olani has also been selected to participate in an NSF I-cubed funded national research study to be conducted by WESTAT, INC, that will explore and demonstrate institutional best practices in integrating STEM innovations.

Outcomes. Increasing the number of Native Hawaiians and other underrepresented groups into the STEM workforce is a key part of building resilient communities in Hawai‘i. This program focuses on increasing the entry and success of those groups in STEM careers through supporting and enhancing K-20 science research and education programs throughout the State of Hawai‘i. Sustainable partnerships and collaborations between university research and education efforts and community and agency partners will be developed and strengthened to further support science and technology in the state. University of Hawai‘i's experience and expertise in enhancing STEM educational efforts for underrepresented audiences will be researched and communicated with other STEM efforts locally, regionally and nationwide.

Summary of Cross-Team Integration. Cross-team integration is essential to the success of the DEW component of Hawai‘i EPSCoR effort aimed at increasing the participation and success of Hawai‘i’s youth, especially Native Hawaiians in STEM studies and careers.

1. DEW works with EPSCoR researchers in all teams and project partners to ensure entry and success of more Native Hawaiians and underrepresented minorities in DEW activities including training, internships and outreach events. The EPSCoR research teams are important to the “world of STEM education” and the direct links we have established with those teams provide rich opportunities for engaging researchers in DEW efforts—as presenters, collaborators, mentors and advisors.

2. Our outreach goal (Goal 2) is focused on providing effective extensions of the STEM research and education efforts from within the University to our partners and the broader community.

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DEW efforts extend to developing close relationships and partnerships across all EPSCoR research teams as noted in their narratives.

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Appendix Team Gantt chart timelines

ECOGEM ENDER CYBER DEW The appendix was removed from the digital copy and placed into separate files for downloading and viewing purposes. Please return to the Hawaii EPSCoR web site http://www.epscor.hawaii.edu/content/strategic-plan-reports to view individual Team timelines.

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EPSCoR RII Hawaii IMUA III Year 2 Evaluation Report

(May 16, 2010 – May 23, 2011)

ByThe Office for Evaluation and Needs Assessment Services

Social Science Research Institute University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa

May 29, 2011

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IMUA III Year Two Evaluation Report, May 2011

The Authors

Judith K. Inazu, Ph.D. Principal Investigator. Dr. Inazu is the Associate Director of the Social Science Research Institute and Director of the Office for Evaluation and Needs Assessment Services at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Her Ph.D. is in psychology from the University of Cincinnati and her undergraduate degree is from the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. Jonathan Derek Baker, Ph.D., Research Assistant. Dr. Baker received his doctorate in Anthropology at the University of Hawai‘i Mānoa in December 2008. He is currently a lecturer in the UH-Mānoa Department of Anthropology. He received his Bachelor’s Degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his Master’s Degree from Arizona State University. Adam L. Ayers, M.P.A., Research Assistant. Adam L. Ayers is a Ph.D. student in Urban & Regional Planning at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. He has a B.S. in Computer Science and a Masters Degree in Public Administration from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.

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Table of Contents

Introduction and Evaluation Methodology 4 Impact on Research Infrastructure 4

Impact on Research Productivity 6

Impact on Extramural Funding 7

National Competitiveness 7 Awards to EPSCoR Researchers 9

Impact on Students 11

Impact on Workforce 13

Impact on the Local Community 15

Summary 18

Recommendations 18

Appendix A. Publications and Presentations by EPSCoR-Affiliated Researchers

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Tables Table 5. Journal Publications from the first reporting period, 9/15/2009-

5/15/2010

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Table 6. Journal Publications from the second reporting period, 5/15/2010 to 5/23/2011 22

Table 7. Book Chapters and Conference Proceedings, 9/15/2009-5/23/2011 24

Table 8. Papers Presented by EPSCoR-Affiliated Researchers 24 Table 9. Posters Presented by EPSCoR-Affiliated Researchers,

9/15/2009-5/23/2011 26

Appendix B. Awards to EPSCoR Researchers Tables

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Table 10. Awards to EPSCoR Researchers (9/15/2009 - 5/15/2010) 27 Table 11. Awards to EPSCoR Researchers (5/16/2010 – 5/23/2011) 28 Table 12. Grants Submitted by EPSCoR Researchers, Pending Award

Decision 30

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EPSCoR RII Hawaii IMUA III Year 2 Evaluation Report May 16, 2010 – May 23, 2011

Introduction and Evaluation Methodology The EPSCoR IMUA III has two main goals: (1) enhance and sustain Hawai‘i’s science and technology enterprise through efforts in education, workforce development, and community outreach, and (2) understand and predict how anthropogenic activities and climate change affect the biodiversity, ecosystem function, and focal species in the Hawaiian Islands.

Progress towards the goals of EPSCoR IMUA III was measured using a combination of formative (process-based) and summative (outcome-based) methodology. The focus of evaluation efforts in year one was primarily formative, since significant time and effort was devoted to strategic plan updates, the reverse site visit and responding to their reviews, monitoring team and cross-team meetings, and interactions between research teams and the CAC. Many of these evaluation activities have continued in year two, since research activities are yet to be completed. However, with research activities now underway, publications, presentations, and grants awarded to IMUA III researchers are now also included in this report. These productivity measures are likely to increase in future years as research activities mature and are completed. State and national level extramural awards are also reported to provide preliminary data on whether the RII award is increasing the competitiveness of Hawai‘i’s research enterprise. Impact on Research Infrastructure This section describes developments in the research infrastructure at participating campuses, including changes in personnel, facilities, equipment, and policies. Barriers that may prevent the successful implementation of research are also discussed. New programs which support and promote the evolution of a culture of research are most relevant to UH Hilo, which is in the process of transitioning from a comprehensive university focusing on undergraduate programs to one with a greater focus on research and graduate education. No such changes were documented at UH Mānoa, which has long been recognized as a Carnegie research intensive (RU/VH) institution. EPSCoR continues to support grant proposal development by contracting with The Implementation Group (TIG). TIG has worked closely with faculty at UH Hilo, UH Mānoa, and other UH campuses to help them develop and submit grant proposals.

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In the realm of policy changes, UH Hilo is developing its own Responsible Conduct of Research certification program. UH Hilo has previously held workshops for students, staff and faculty via the UH Mānoa’s Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education (online and interactive) sessions. Integration among EPSCoR focal areas has remained a barrier to conducting higher order research on this grant. At the EPSCoR Research Retreat on April 8-9, 2011 in Hilo, the research teams discussed the difficulty of hiring a bioinformatics specialist. Bioinformatics expertise could help foster collaboration between ENDER and ECOGEM on a host of research projects, to help them with specific aspects of these projects that cannot be met by any existing expertise within EPSCoR. Past discussion (i.e., at the time of proposal submission) suggested that the CYBER team would meet this need. Although some of this specialization may already exist within the CYBER focal area, a dedicated person may be necessary to achieve research goals. Also, recruiting a bioinformatics specialist is difficult due to the current market demand for bioinformatics expertise. Those with expertise in this field are often recruited into the pharmaceutical industry and other private sector jobs that pay significantly higher than the typical academic position.

Another CYBER-related issue is the lack of scientific collaboration with the research teams. Lack of bioinformatics expertise notwithstanding, the CYBER team currently performs primarily service-related support and is not seen as a scientific partner by ENDER or ECOGEM researchers. For the CYBER team to become more directly involved in research design and implementation, it faces the challenge of communicating the value of its expertise to the scientific endeavors of the other teams. One possible opportunity for collaborative research would be for the CYBER team to develop novel algorithms or other cyber-based analytical or visualization techniques specific to research projects, combined with improved communication between CYBER and the EPSCoR research focal areas. As on other campuses, a significant barrier to research at UH Hilo is the lack of time for faculty to develop grant proposals. In 2007, during IMUA II, the UH System Vice President developed a short-term program to provide funds for course releases for UH Hilo faculty to write proposals. Though some faculty used this program to develop proposals that were subsequently funded, the program was discontinued, in part because few applied for the course buy-outs. There may have been reluctance on the part of faculty to request course releases due to resistance from their respective departments if faculty were not able to carry their full teaching load. Nevertheless the lack of support for proposal development continues to be cited by UH Hilo researchers as a barrier to implementation of research.

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Also, the departure of the IMUA III project director in 2009 created further challenges. The guidance provided by the project director was crucial for fostering the research culture at UH Hilo, and there remains a need for more high level research administration at UH Hilo to assist in guiding the campus toward this goal. Nevertheless, there appears to be significant support for research among the leadership at UH Hilo. The new chancellor at UH Hilo is interested in EPSCoR, and will likely be a member of, or chair the EPSCoR Statewide Steering Committee. The Interim Vice Chancellor for Research at UH Hilo also attends meetings whenever possible and is involved with various aspects of EPSCoR. Therefore, while there have been few changes to the research infrastructure since May 2010, and several significant barriers still exist, it appears that progress towards developing a research culture at UH Hilo continues to be made. Impact on Research Productivity Research productivity is primarily measured in terms of research products, including publications, grants, presentations and posters at conferences, and patents. Collectively, these data are seen as a measure of the level of competitiveness of EPSCoR researchers. In this section, self-reported data on the number of research products are provided, along with information gathered from the UH Office of Research Services on extramural funding. EPSCoR-affiliated researchers were instructed to provide information about new research products via the newly-redesigned EPSCoR website by April 15, 2011. Data for both evaluation periods (period 1, 9/15/2009-5/15/2010 and period 2, 5/16/2010-5/23/2011) are included. Summary information is provided in Table 1 below; detailed information for all research products is provided in Appendix A.

Table 1. EPSCoR Researcher Publications and Presentations, Years 1 and 2a

Research Product Year 1 (9/15/2009-5/15/2010) Year 2 (5/16/2010-5/23/2011)Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

6 4

Non-Peer-Reviewed Publicationsb

24 29

Poster Presentations 2 15 Paper Presentations 10 15 a Totals include both published/presented and accepted papers/posters b Including book chapters and conference proceedings In addition to the numbers above, there are four journal articles in review (one peer-reviewed, three non-peer-reviewed, all attributed to the first reporting period).

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These data indicate that EPSCoR researcher productivity gradually increased between the two time periods for all types of publications and presentations except peer-reviewed journal articles. Most notably, there is a large increase in the number of posters presented between the two reporting periods, indicating active dissemination of research to academic audiences. One new peer-reviewed publication deserves further mention. The paper is co-authored by two UH Hilo students and their faculty research advisor, and has been accepted for publication in the peer-reviewed journal Coral Reefs. Research conducted by a recent graduate from the Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Master’s Program, a marine science undergraduate intern supported by the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduate program, and an associate professor of marine science, describes a disease called “growth anomaly” in a Hawaiian endemic “rice coral", which is prevalent in various areas along Hawai‘i Island’s coastline. Additional research being conducted by several UH Hilo students under the supervision of a Marine Science professor is investigating the cause and impact of coral diseases on the island’s coastal environment. (Note however, that this publication has not been reported on the EPSCoR website and therefore is not included in the appendix to this report.) Impact on Extramural Funding This section reports impacts on extramural funding, both in terms of state-level NSF funding, and with respect to individual awards to EPSCoR researchers.

National Competitiveness (data on the state of Hawai‘i) EPSCoR research infrastructure improvement (RII) grants are awarded to institutions in states whose mean percentage of overall NSF research support over the previous three years is less than 0.75% of the total research support monies awarded by the NSF in those fiscal years. The program logic of the NSF RII program assumes that competitiveness can be fostered via augmentation of facilities and partnerships with other institutions and private enterprise. The purpose of this section is to assess whether the two EPSCoR RII grants are correlated with increases in Hawai‘i’s national competitiveness. Methodology Total NSF research support awarded to Hawai‘i was compared against 27 other EPSCoR-eligible states and jurisdictions. The reported years follow the federal fiscal year calendar (October 1st-September 30th). The eligibility measure for EPSCoR funding is the percentage of total NSF research support for each state or jurisdiction. Thus the amount of NSF research support awarded to Hawai‘i before the first RII grant (Fiscal Year 2003) was established as a baseline so that changes in national competitiveness can be examined. The percentage change per year in NSF research support over time is also documented, as well as the EPSCoR proportion of total NSF research support awarded to the state of

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Hawai‘i. These data were presented in this manner to assess whether the state of Hawai‘i has become productive and competitive in terms of NSF research support. The data presented in Table 2 were gathered from NSF’s Budget Internet Information System website. Grants labeled “Other” and “APO/FPO EUR, ME” were not included in national NSF research support totals to all states and jurisdictions. All percentages used to calculate EPSCoR eligibility were based upon research support totals excluding the “Other” and “APO/FPO EUR, ME” as mentioned above. All NSF research support separated by state from Fiscal Year 2003 through Fiscal Year 2010 were examined. NSF research support awarded to states on the whole was not separated by institution, foundation, or private enterprise. Funding levels Table 2 displays the total amount of NSF research support to Hawai‘i, as well as total NSF research support to all U.S. states and jurisdictions. These results are summarized below:

NSF research support to Hawai‘i increased from $57,836,000 in FY2009 to $60,546,000 in FY2010, an increase of 4.69% (row 1).

Total NSF research support to all states and jurisdictions decreased from $7,101,253,000 in FY2009 to $5,938,734,000 in FY2010, a decrease of 16.37% (row 2).

The Hawai‘i share of NSF research support increased from 0.81% in FY2009 to 1.02% in FY2010 (row 3).

NSF research support awarded to EPSCoR-eligible jurisdictions decreased 0.92% from FY2009 to FY2010 (row 4).

The EPSCoR proportion of NSF research support to Hawaii increased from $4,500,000 (7.78%) in FY2009 to $5,088,232 (8.4%) in FY2010 (rows 6 and 7).

In summary, though total NSF research support to all states decreased between FY2009 and FY2010, and EPSCoR-eligible jurisdictions specifically saw a decrease in research support, NSF research support to Hawaii increased by more than 4% during the same period. Hawaii increased the proportion of all NSF research support it received from FY2009 to FY2010. These data suggest that, relative to other states, Hawaii has increased its competitiveness with respect to receiving NSF research funding. Increases in overall NSF research support and EPSCoR funding between FY2009 and FY2010 are due in part to the EPSCoR Cyber Connectivity (C2) award, an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) award in Hawai‘i, totaling $1,176,475 over two years.

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Table 2. NSF Research Support to Hawai‘i and other EPSCoR jurisdictions

Awards to EPSCoR Researchers This section examines the awards received by EPSCoR researchers from the start date of IMUA III (September 15, 2009) to the present. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize the success of EPSCoR researchers in receiving extramural funding through this period. For comparison purposes, data from two evaluation reporting periods are presented: Report 1, from September 15, 2009 – May 15, 2010; and Report 2, from May 16, 2010 to May 23, 2011. Sources of Data Data about grants awarded to EPSCoR researchers were gathered from two sources: (1) researchers’ self-reports via the EPSCoR website; and (2) the University of Hawai‘i Office of Research Services (ORS) public database. Neither of these sources is complete, but they complement each other. The Year 1 data are likely more complete and accurate now than they were at the time the Year 1 report was written, since there has been sufficient time for researchers and office staff to update databases and process the information. Including this updated data here allows for better comparison of the two time periods covered by the reports. However, the same caveat applies to the time period covered by the

FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 Total NSF Research Support to Hawai‘i

$20,418,000 $25,692,000 $23,461,000 $35,072,000 $32,981,000 $36,289,000 $57,836,000 $60,546,000

Total NSF Research Support to all States and Jurisdictions

$4,004,957,000 $4,240,293,000 $4,174,866,000 $4,284,275,000 $4,581,398,000 $4,771,299,000 $7,101,253,000 $5,938,734,000

Percentage of Total NSF Research Support Awarded to Hawai‘i

0.51% 0.61% 0.56% 0.82% 0.72% 0.76% 0.81% 1.02%

Percent change in NSF Research Support per year to all EPSCoR Juris. excluding Hawai‘i

-1.46% 0.56% -0.65% -8.34% 11.96% 9.10% -48% -0.92%

Percent Change in NSF Research Support per year in Hawaii

2.94% 25.83% -8.68% 49.49% -5.96% 10.03% 59.38% 4.69%

Total NSF EPSCoR Support to Hawai‘i

$2,989,947 $2,995,044 $3,010,534 $2,999,984 $2,999,995 $2,999,995 $4,500,000 $5,088,232

EPSCoR as a proportion of all NSF Research Support to Hawai‘i

14.64% 11.66% 12.83% 8.55% 9.10% 8.27% 7.78% 8.4%

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second report – that is, data are likely incomplete, and a more accurate comparison should be conducted in the future as more data become available. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria All awards to EPSCoR researchers with start dates from September 15, 2009 – May 23, 2011 are included. Awards starting before these dates were excluded. These dates correspond to the start of IMUA III and to the evaluation report schedule. Reporting dates for the annual report, and those used for assigning awards to specific years on the EPSCoR website, are different. The EPSCoR website uses the fiscal calendar, whereas reporting for this year’s annual report is from April 1, 2010 – March 31, 2011. This is important to mention, because the manner in which the awards are assigned to reporting periods affects the totals, and numbers from different reports will not be directly comparable. Values here could be converted to these other reporting schedules if needed, since all information about awards to EPSCoR researchers are included in Appendix B. Self-reported data were relied on more heavily than the ORS database due to delays in posting awards by ORS. In addition, the self-reported data were cross-checked with ORS data to check for duplicates. In all cases, awards reported in both sources are counted in the self-reported data only, and dollar values supplied by researchers were used rather than ORS amounts when available. Award Productivity Table 3 below shows the number and amount of extramural awards in the two time periods. The number of awards received nearly doubled (from 20 to 38, a 90% increase between years 1 and 2), and the total award amounts (dollar value) more than doubled (year 2 is 206% the value of year 1).

Table 3. Self-Report and ORS Data on Awards to EPSCoR Researchers

Report 1: 9/15/2009-5/15/2010 Report 2: 5/15/2010-4/15/2011 Number Dollar Amount Number Dollar Amount

Self-Report 10 $30,729,486 24 $60,009,504 ORS 10 $388,322 14 $4,165,651 Total 20 $31,117,808 38 $64,175,155

Mean Value of Award

$1,101,104 $1,688,820

However, numbers for both reporting periods are skewed by large institutional awards: In period 1, the $30 million dollar award to the Vice President for Information Technology and the Vice President for Research on behalf of the Pacific Disaster Center, and in period 2, the $33,972,800 grant to the Vice President for Information Technology on behalf of Ke Ala ‘Ike. These awards should be included in any statements about the total amount of extramural funding awarded to EPSCoR researchers. However, by excluding these outliers, one gets a clearer picture of the patterns of awards to EPSCoR researchers over the two years. Table 4 illustrates the patterns of awards without these two large, institutional awards.

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Table 4. Data on Awards to EPSCoR Researchers, Controlled For Large Awards

Report 1: 9/15/2009-5/15/2010 Report 2: 5/15/2010-4/15/2011 Number Dollar Amount Number Dollar Amount Self-Report 9 $729,486 23 $26,036,704 ORS 10 $388,322 14 $4,165,651 Total 19 $1,117,808 37 $30,202,355 Mean Value of Award

$57,953 $816,280

Using these adjusted totals, the total value for all awards to EPSCoR researchers is more than 27 times greater than the value of awards in report period 1 ($1.1 million vs. $30.2 million). This reflects an increase in both number and value of awards to EPSCoR researchers for both self-reported and institutional data. It also reflects an increase in the value of awards between periods. In the first time period, apart from the large institutional award, no award is larger than $1 million. In the second period, in addition to the large institutional award, there are seven awards in the $1 million or larger range. The adjusted mean award totals reflect this: $57,953 for the first time period, and $816,280 for the second. When controlled for the large institutional awards, the mean value of awards to EPSCoR researchers increased by an order of magnitude. Additionally, self-reported data provide information on the number of pending awards for both periods. For reporting period 1, there are two awards still pending, with a total value of $4,246,361. For reporting period 2, there are eleven pending awards, with a total value of $12,497,488, suggesting that grant proposal development increased from Year 1 to 2. Overall then, the various sources of data about research awards indicate that the number of funded grants, the value of individual awards, and therefore the overall amount of funding has increased significantly. Impact on Students This section examines the impact EPSCoR activities have had on students in STEM fields, focusing on female students and members of underrepresented groups (primarily Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and Filipinos). As of December 2010, the DEW Team had compiled a list of the names of 443 programs and organizations, which they view as resources for the STEM Pathway Matrix, and they had identified a pool of 228 students who had in some way been involved with one of the DEW events. This appears to be the early stages in the development of a database. As of their December 2010 progress report, this information was being stored in Excel spreadsheets, and DEW staff were working on gathering more data about both resources and students. The resource list includes only the name of the resource, and the student list includes only the student name and the event at which the student was registered.

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Apart from these numbers, quantitative data on DEW activities have not been readily available. The evaluators have been told that narratives from the two DEW team leaders, along with reports of numbers of students involved with their respective programs, will be provided in the annual report. We have seen an outline of the Kapi‘olani Community College (KCC) portion of the annual report, but the information about number of students, demographic data, etc., are not included in it. Therefore, what follows is a qualitative assessment of the DEW initiative within EPSCoR. To our knowledge, there is no unified database tracking all students involved with EPSCoR, apart from the spreadsheet containing partial information mentioned above. More detailed records exist for other programs that are managed by DEW team members, and some of these data include records of students supported by EPSCoR. For example, the Office of Instructional Effectiveness at KCC maintains a database to monitor students in their NSF-funded programs, and this database tracks students originating at KCC as they matriculate to UH Hilo and UH Mānoa STEM programs. But these data are not linked to data on students in other parts of the UH system. This lack of an integrated database is reflective of the separate-but-parallel structure of the DEW team overall – see below. DEW team activities were interrupted when the UH Hilo DEW co-team leader stepped down in November, 2010. Another DEW team member from UH Hilo was recruited to fill the position shortly thereafter, but the hiring was not finalized until February 2011 due in part to the closure of UH campuses at the end of the calendar year. Although this personnel change has resulted in some internal reorganization of the DEW Team, the structure of the team remains the same, and it is still co-led by members at KCC and UH Hilo. The continuing DEW team co-leader is in charge of several ongoing diversity-related programs at KCC that parallel EPSCoR’s diversity goals. The new UH Hilo DEW team co-leader brings significant experience, several well-established diversity-related initiatives, and personal connections with conservation agencies across the state to the program. The main challenge remains to integrate these activities with each other, and with other EPSCoR- and DEW-related programs system-wide. The strengths of these two pieces of DEW are that both are well-tailored to the needs at their respective institutions and both are well-integrated into local communities in various ways. A significant problem, however, is that it is difficult to see how these initiatives are actually related to EPSCoR, rather than to the already established and separate programs. Integration of these programs and expansion of their approaches beyond the primarily campus-specific contexts in which they now operate would be a significant contribution well within the vision and mission of EPSCoR.

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In addition to the programs managed by the DEW co-leaders, there is significant cooperation between CYBER and DEW at UH Hilo. The Spatial Data Analysis Lab (SDAL) supports the training and professional development of Native Hawaiian students in various ways. Through the SDAL, Hawaiian students and interns are introduced to and mentored in utilizing geospatial technologies in their research and training. Programs such as PIPES and Na Pua No‘eau rely on the lab to support both technology internships and training. The SDAL manager and UH Hilo Dew team coordinator often team-teach technology programs to K-20 youth. The SDAL’s involvement with the Kealoha student scholars program also results in significant training and professional development opportunities for Native Hawaiian students. For example, in February 2011, one of the Kealoha students scholars gave an oral presentation at the Emerging Researchers in STEM National Conference in Washington, DC (see Table 9, Appendix B for details). Other undergraduate students also work informally with EPSCoR and other UH Hilo faculty members on technology projects utilizing the SDAL, and these interactions often lead to opportunities for students to present posters or papers at state- and national-level academic conferences. Despite these strong components of DEW-related activities, there are several issues that remain to be addressed. Primarily, these coalesce around the idea of integration and coordination. First, there should be greater integration at all levels: within the DEW team, across campuses, between DEW and other research teams, and between DEW and the local community via the CAC. We recognize that these issues are easy to identify and that solutions may be difficult to implement. Integration within the DEW team is essential, but it is unclear at this point how this would best be achieved. As for decreasing the isolation of DEW from other research teams, one possible strategy would be to establish a liaison from the DEW team, or alternately from among the researchers, for each team. For example, a member of the DEW team would be assigned to each of the other teams, and would be involved in all its meetings and activities. Right now, DEW does the ‘diversity piece’, freeing researchers to do the science. But this also isolates DEW and marginalizes their activities relative to the scientific portion. Assigning designated DEW liaisons for each team might increase communication, and might function to integrate diversity into all aspects of EPSCoR. There may be other arrangements that could prove more effective. Regardless of the exact approach to this, the underlying goal should be to increase the frequency of communication between DEW and the other teams, and to make this an ongoing, routine, systematic conversation. Finally, we recommend regular dialogue between the DEW team and the CAC. Impact on Workforce In this section, EPSCoR’s impact on workforce development in the state, as well as challenges affecting these efforts, are discussed.

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The M.S. Program in Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science at UH Hilo began in 2004, soon after the first EPSCoR award, and has received direct and indirect support from the grant. Although comprehensive employment data on recent graduates are incomplete, the results indicate that this program is directly contributing to STEM workforce development in Hawai‘i. Many TCBES graduates are working in STEM-related educational and administrative positions within the state. Others are continuing their own personal STEM education via doctoral degrees in Hawai‘i or elsewhere. Also, in the realm of new academic programs or curricula that contributes to workforce development, a CYBER team member at UH Hilo is developing a new curriculum in computational science, designed to target the intersection of biology, geography, and computer science. The goal of this certificate program for undergraduates is to cross-train students in all these fields simultaneously, which eventually could become a strategy for addressing the needs of researchers in ENDER and ECOGEM for technicians with bioinformatics expertise. It might prove to be a way to recruit students into EPSCoR-related research projects at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. This is also one step towards addressing recommendation #4 from the Reverse Site Visit – the development of a state-wide and system-wide computational science undergraduate degree as a means of educating a diverse group of undergraduate students. Bioinformatics expertise is currently in high demand. This new curriculum will provide students with marketable skills that will assist them in entering the workforce. The Makery Cloud, another workforce development initiative, trains students in computer-aided design (CAD), computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines and hands-on skills to inspire their interest in science, technology, engineering and math careers. In the Makery Cloud, students design, create and assemble high quality products including Hawaiian steel guitars and environmental sensors with significant market value. This project tends to appeal to students’ interests while encouraging entrepreneurism. The student-built guitars and sensors are expected to empower students with the skills necessary to manufacture niche products in Hawai‘i rather than importing them. It is hoped that over time, students with Makery Cloud experience will have the ability to start their own businesses, enter higher education, and use their skills and knowledge to keep Hawai‘i competitive in a global marketplace. In 2010, Professional Development training for 60 teachers and mentors involved in robotics, and 12 micromills for distribution to participating schools were scheduled. In September 2010, it was reported that the manufacturer in Michigan, who is planning to set up a facility for producing Micromills in Hawaii, met with University and State officials to discuss plans for licensing the Micromill design and for establishing a production capability in Hawaii by the end of the year. Also in September 2010, the Makery was exploring possible collaborations

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with the DOE, and was also working with Lab School art teachers to develop and test a Makery art curriculum. There had also been discussions with an ENDER researcher about using the Makery to produce environmental sensors. However, at the time of this writing, there have been no further updates about the progress of the Makery program. The EPSCoR Spatial Data Analysis Lab (SDAL) at UH Hilo supports workforce development in geospatial technologies through direct training services to faculty, researchers, students, and community as well as through indirect support of Dew team activities and students and researchers in the Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science (TCBES) Masters program. TCBES Masters students receive technology training in workshops and courses that are offered through the SDAL. The technical skills and knowledge TCBES students gain from learning to use the technology in the SDAL contributes to their marketability in the job world, and also aids in building a bridge between cybertechnology and the other research focal areas. Finally, we understand that KCC DEW is working to develop links to internship and workforce opportunities for their students. However, details of these efforts were not made available to the evaluators in time for inclusion in this report. Details of these initiatives are available in their Year 2 Annual Report. Overall, EPSCoR has developed a number of initiatives for contributing to workforce development. However, similar to the critique of the impact of EPSCoR on students, there remains a lack of coordination across EPSCoR with respect to workforce development. The individual pieces may work well, when fully implemented, but EPSCoR as a whole could perhaps have a greater impact on workforce development if efforts were integrated into a more comprehensive plan, and if connections with the research arms of EPSCoR were better articulated. The marginalized nature of DEW also reduces the degree to which EPSCoR could impact the state’s workforce. Impact on the Local Community This section examines the links between the local community and EPSCoR. The goal is to document the evolution of community engagement in the research process over time, paying special attention to describing the progress made in establishing a cooperative, mutually beneficial relationship between researchers and the Native Hawaiian community. Our primary sources of data on this topic are surveys of ENDER team members following two separate two-day meetings with the EPSCoR Community Advisory Committee (CAC). The first meeting was held in Hilo with researchers based at UH Hilo. The second meeting was held on O‘ahu with researchers based at UH Manoa. (See below for more details about these meetings.) The CAC also met with the CYBER focal area on May 10, 2011 to discuss Native Hawaiian

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perspectives as well as project research/collaborations, but information from this meeting was not available in time for this evaluation report. In addition, the CAC will be meeting with all the research teams on July 15-17, 2011 at Volcanoes National Park on Hawai‘i. This retreat has two major goals: (a) allow researchers to be immersed in and discuss Hawaiian culture and perspectives, and (b) inter-team activities facilitated by the DEW focal area. From the ENDER researchers’ perspective, their primary concern was in communicating the benefits of EPSCoR research to the community. They felt that CAC members, as representatives of local communities, understood and were interested in the research. But many also felt the researchers could do a better job of conveying the value of research to the community. The second concern was about whether EPSCoR research is aligned with and respectful of Hawaiian culture. Researchers felt that this is usually the case, although one admitted that it is difficult to know whether research is being conducted in accordance with Hawaiian cultural values and norms since few researchers know much about Hawaiian culture. Other researchers thought that the CAC should have a more prominent role in the EPSCoR project. To that end, researchers stressed the need for ongoing dialogue between researchers and communities, both directly and mediated through the CAC. The evaluators requested but were denied permission by the EPSCoR administration to survey the CAC members with questions similar to the ones posed to ENDER researchers. The evaluators subsequently learned that, at the time, the CAC felt overwhelmed by the scope and complexity of EPSCoR, and there was concern that further inquiries from the evaluators would only exacerbate the situation. However, it is our understanding that they would be receptive to working with the evaluators in the future. In addition to the activities involving the CAC, the Spatial Data Analysis Lab (SDAL) is another aspect of EPSCoR that has significant interaction with the local community. The SDAL hosts outreach and training events and community-based outreach programs for K-20 students, adult learners, and local communities. Organizations such as the Three Mountain Alliance, Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes, Pacific GPS, ESRI, Juniper GIS, and DOWFA Hawai‘i have all used the SDAL to put on workshops and seminars. While it is clear that EPSCoR is attempting to at least inform the local community about EPSCoR activities, and while there are EPSCoR areas regularly engaged in outreach, there remain some significant problems. Though specific recommendations for a schedule of outreach activities were made during the Reverse Site Visit, it appears that implementing these outreach activities is still challenging. One of the reasons cited is that researchers are often not aware of venues for reaching the local community. On the other hand, specific parts of EPSCoR are quite successful at outreach – e.g., the various programs coordinated by the Office of Institutional Effectiveness at KCC and UH HILO

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respectively, and the workshops for different groups in the community conducted at the Core Genetics Facility and Spatial Data Analysis Lab. The problems, then, appear twofold: First, there may be a gap in reporting outreach activities that are already taking place, and second, the lack of integration among research teams may be partly at fault. That is, while DEW and various elements within ECOGEM and ENDER are successfully reaching the community, those outreach activities are isolated from the core research activities taking place. The DEW initiatives act largely independently from the other parts of EPSCoR, though we understand that there are efforts to address this (see above). Likewise, outreach activities in ECOGEM and ENDER (at least as they have been reported to the evaluation team) seem, to a large extent, to be separate from the main research activities of these teams. For example, while the Core Genetics Facility conducts workshops that include various groups from the community, it could be argued that the CGF itself is mainly providing services for researchers rather than designing and implementing research. This separation between research and service/outreach components is likely being overstated here, although this could also reflect a lack of information about outreach activities that are in fact integrated into research in various ways. If these activities are taking place within the research cores of ENDER and ECOGEM, it is possible that researchers are not aware (for any number of reasons) that such activities should be reported along with their scientific achievements. In many places, it is clear that the local community, and specifically the Native Hawaiian community, could be more involved with EPSCoR research. It appears that, by and large, researchers are not so much consulting with the CAC about research as they are reporting their activities to them. While many of the research projects incorporate the language of indigenous concepts and cultural values into their proposals, the degree to which these projects are actually involving the local community is questionable. In some cases, this is leading to difficulties implementing research. For example, on one of the projects by an EPSCoR investigator, it was clear that a lack of sufficient consultation with cultural experts resulted in significant problems gathering data needed for the research. Conversely, CAC involvement in the EPSCoR project was hampered by significant turnover in the composition of the advisory council. The ENDER meetings represented the first meetings between the newly formed CAC and the research teams. Hopefully, the additional meetings with other EPSCoR focal areas will improve future relations between EPSCoR and communities in Hawai‘i, as well as awareness of culturally-correct data gathering protocol. Solutions for these issues have already been suggested by people within EPSCoR. Obviously, adequate reporting of outreach activities is critical, since these activities are part of what has been promised to NSF. In terms of linking

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the local community to EPSCoR activities, the primary suggestion would be to make more effective use of the CAC at all stages. One obvious way to do this is to increase communication between the CAC and the DEW team, since DEW seeks to involve students from the community in EPSCoR-related activities. If the recommendation of integrating DEW more fully into the other research teams is realized, then DEW would also represent a significant inroad for local community involvement. Finally, the evaluation team reiterates the suggestion made during the RSV that social scientists with local expertise be consulted to aid with this process. Summary If increases in NSF research support are a reliable indicator, Hawai‘i has made significant advances in the past eight years. Total NSF research support has increased nearly threefold between FY2003 and FY2010, from $20,418,000 to $60,546,000 (see Table 2). Hawai‘i’s share of NSF research support has varied somewhat between those years, but has risen to its highest level in the past eight years (1.02%). Based upon these numbers and the goals of the RII awards, one can argue that EPSCoR was involved with this increase to some degree. Due to reporting difficulties, individual-level productivity data may have been under-reported. In spite of this, the amount of funding awarded to IMUA III researchers increased significantly from year one. The number of funded awards increased by 90%, and the total amount of funding more than doubled. Other measures of research productivity indicate a gradual increase from year one to year two. UH-Hilo is transitioning into a more research-intensive academic institution, but barriers still exist, e.g. support for grant development and high-level research administration on campus. Despite these challenges, innovative initiatives such as Computational Science curriculum development activities continue to develop. Hawai‘i EPSCoR has supported a myriad of diversity, education, and workforce development activities, internships, and workshops benefitting students of Native Hawaiian, Pacific Island, and Filipino students. Significant enhancement of Hawai‘i’s STEM graduates and workforce could be achieved if these parallel efforts can be integrated with the goals of IMUA III. Turnover in CAC membership may have hampered IMUA III community outreach efforts somewhat, but several recent meetings between the CAC and EPSCoR researchers may be a sign of enhanced community input and engagement moving forward. Recommendations Overall, IMUA III is making timely progress towards its goals. However, the evaluation team offers a few suggestions for consideration below. The common theme for most of these recommendations is a call for increased integration among, and in some cases within, the various sectors of EPSCoR. This recommendation echoes the recommendations of the Reverse Site Visit as well.

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In general, while the research being conducted within each team is innovative and impressive, collaborations across teams have not developed as well as had been expected. This issue is being addressed in many ways, including the recent research retreat in April 2011. We recommend that steps toward designing and implementing cross-team collaborative research be continued.

In addition, it is worth mentioning the need for CYBER to be incorporated into research at all stages. This recommendation was identified by the CYBER team itself, and was enthusiastically endorsed by researchers in other teams and the Monitoring and Assessment Panel (MAP) during their October 2010 visit. We recommend that the dialogue between CYBER and the other research teams continue, and that they further explore ways for CYBER to be more involved in research itself. One way to do this might be to designate a team member or liaison to attend teleconference or in-person meetings held by the other research teams to identify potential areas for research collaborations.

The DEW team itself, while successful in many ways, appears to currently function primarily as two parallel sub-units. Both of these are well-tailored to their institutional settings, and their achievements are impressive. However, to meet the larger goals of EPSCoR with respect to diversity and workforce development, the DEW team should focus greater attention on coordinating and integrating its activities.

Similarly, while the DEW team oversees several successful initiatives which contribute to the diversity and workforce development goals of EPSCoR, DEW remains rather isolated from core research activities of the other teams. Although EPSCoR researchers often participate in events administered by DEW team members, e.g. Ocean Day, Na Pua No‘eau and PIPES summer programs, additional efforts are needed to make greater inroads into EPSCoR’s diversity and workforce development goals. One possibility is to designate a member of the DEW team as a liaison to each of the other teams. A DEW member embedded in the other teams would facilitate further communication, coordination, and integration of activities.

The newly reconstituted CAC appears to be moving forward with respect to consulting and advising the EPSCoR research teams. This is evident in the meetings held with the CAC and ENDER researchers, and the upcoming meeting with CYBER. However, the potential contribution of the CAC in helping EPSCoR reach the local community and integrate their values and concerns into various aspects of the research process remains a work in progress. Efforts to promote on-going communication and in-person meetings between the CAC and all EPSCoR teams should continue.

While the research culture at UH Hilo continues to develop, active, higher-level support from within the leadership ranks should be considered to ensure the campuses maintains this trajectory. The resignation of the Project Coordinator from UH Hilo several years ago has left a void in the

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academic leadership of EPSCor which the existing management leadership has attempted to fill.

As the DEW team continues to make progress toward meeting the EPSCoR goals of diversity, education, and workforce development, it remains a challenge to track progress in these areas. A unified, coordinated student database would be useful in tracking student progress through the STEM pathway, and in facilitating the coordination of research internships and other opportunities across all EPSCoR campuses.

The MAKERY has significant potential in achieving diversity, education and workforce development goals in STEM fields. We look forward to observing more progress in years 3 and beyond with this learning tool.

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Appendix A: Publications and Presentations by EPSCoR-Affiliated Researchers

Table 5. Journal Publications from the first reporting period, 9/15/2009-5/15/2010

Author(s) Title Journal Citation Info Date Peer-Reviewed

Fautin, D; Dalton, P; Incze, LS; Leong, JC; Pautzke, C; Rosenberg, A

An Overview of Marine Biodiversity in United State Waters PLoS One

Submitted, under review; Leong, Brainard, Abbott, Eldredge, and Vroom wrote the section of Hawaiian Biodiversity

Giambelluca, Thomas; DeLay, J.K., Nullet, M.A., Scholl, M.A., and Gingerich, S.B

Canopy water balance of windward and leeward Hawaiian cloud forests on Haleakalā, Maui, Hawai‘i

Hydrological Processes

Accepted, awaiting publication June 2010

Giambelluca, Thomas; Guardiola-Claramonte, M., Troch, P., Ziegler, A., Vogler, J., Nullet, M

Hydrologic effects of the expansion of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in a tropical catchment

Ecohydrology doi:10.1002/eco.110 2010

Giambelluca, Thomas; Takahashi, M., Mudd, R.G., DeLay, J.K., Nullet, M.A., and Asner, G.P

Rainfall partitioning and cloud water interception in native forest and invaded forest in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park

Hydrological Processes

Acepted, awaiting publication; June 2010

Glenn, Craig; Pongkijvorasin, S; Roumasset, J; Duarte, TK; Burnett, K

Renewable resource management with stock externalities: Coastal aquifers and submarine groundwater discharge

Resource and Energy Economics

Vol 32, pp. 277-29, doi:10.1016/j.reseneeco.2009.09.001

2009

Hagedorn, M.; Carter, VL Carter; Ly, S; Andrell, RA; Yancey, PH; Leong, JC; Kleinhans, FW

Analysis of Internal Osmolality in Developing Coral Larvae, Fungia scutaria

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

83(1): 157-166

Holl, KD; Holl RA; Zahawi, RJ; Cole, RJ; Ostertag, R; Cordell, S

Planting seedlings in plantations versus tree islands as a large-scale tropical forest restoration strategy

Restoration Ecology Accepted, awaiting publication May 2010 X

Mead, Lucas; Wiegner, Tracy

Surface Water Metabolism Potential in a Tropical Estuary, Hilo Bay, Hawaiì, During Storm and Non-storm Conditions

Estuaries and Coasts

Vol 33, pp. 1099-1112 May 2010 X

Ostertag, Rebecca

Foliar nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation responses after fertilization: an example from nutrient-limited Hawaiian forests

Plant and Soil 334: 85-98 May 2010 X

Ostertag, Rebecca; Inman-Narahari, F.; Giardina, C.; Cordell, S.; Sack, L.

Digital data collection in forest plots Methods in Ecology and Evolution 1: 274-279 May 2010 X

Ostertag, Rebecca; McDaniel, S.

Strategic light manipulation can be a sustainable restoration strategy to suppress alien grasses and encourage native regeneration in Hawaiian mesic forests

Applied Vegetation Science

DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2009.01074.x

May 2010

Palumbi, Stephen R; Sandifer, Paul A; Allan, J David; Beck, Michael W; Fautin, Daphne G; Fogarty, Michael J; Halpern, Benjamin S; Incze, Lewis S; Leong, Jo-Ann; Norse, Elliott; Stachowicz, John J; Wall, Diana H

Managing for ocean biodiversity to sustain marine ecosystem services

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment

7(4): 204-211 September 2009

Toonen, Rob; Ben-Horin, TM; Iacchei, M; Selkoe, KA; Mai, TT

Characterization of Eight Mitochondrial Loci for the California Spiny Lobster, Panulirus interrruptus and Cross-Amplification in Other Achelate Lobsters

Conservation Genetics Resources 1: 193-197 October

2009

Toonen, Rob; Bowen, Brian

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for the Crimson Jobfish, Pristipomoides filamentosus (Lutjanidae)

Conservation Genetic Resources 2: 169-172 November

2009

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Toonen, Rob; Bowen, Brian; Andrews, KR; Karczmarski, L; Au, WWL; Rickards, S; Vanderlip, C; Grau, EG

Rolling Stones and Stable Homes: Social Structure, Habitat Diversity and Population Genetics of the Hawaiian Spinner Dolphins (Stenella longirostris)

Molecular Ecology 19: 732-748 February 2010 X

Toonen, Rob; Bowen, Brian; Daly-Engel, TS; Grubs, RD; Feldheim, K

Is Multiple Mating Beneficial or Unavoidable? Low Multiple Paternity and Genetic Diversity in the Shortspine Spurdog Shark (Squalus mitsukurii)

Marine Ecology Progress Series 403: 255-267 March

2010

Toonen, Rob; Bowen, Brian; Gaither, M; Planes, S; Messmer, V; Earle, J; Robertson, DR

Genetic consequences of introducing two allopatric lineages of Bluestripe Snapper (Lutjanus kasmira) to Hawaii

Molecular Ecology 19: 1107-1121 March 2010 X

Toonen, Rob; Bowen, Brian; Gaither, MR; Robertson, DR; Planes, S

Genetic Evaluation of Marine Biogeographic Barriers: Perspectives from Two Widespread Indo-Pacific Snappers (Lutjanus kasmira and Lutjanus fulvus)

Journal of Biogeography 37: 133-147 January

2010 X

Toonen, Rob; Gates, ruth; Barshis, DJ; Stillman, JH; Smith, LW; Birkeland, C

Protein expression and genetic structure of the coral Porites lobata in an environmentally extreme Samoan back reef: does host genotype limit phenotypic plasticity?

Molecular Ecology 19: 1705-1720 April 2010

Toonen, Rob; Keever, CC; Sunday, J; Puritz, JB; Addison, JA; Grosberg, RK; Hart, MW

Discordant Distribution of Populations: Genetic Variation in a Sea Star with High Dispersal Potential

Evolution 63: 3214-3227 December 2009

Toonen, Rob; Weersing, KA

Population Genetics, Larval Dispersal, and Demographic Connectivity in Marine Systems

Marine Ecology Progress Series 393: 1-12 October

2009

van Oppen, Madeleine JH; Leong, Jo-Ann; Gates, Ruth D

Coral-virus interactions: a double-edged sword? Symbiosis Vol 47 (1): 1-8 2009

Wiegner, Tracy; Mackenzie, RA; Kinslow, F; Cormier, N

Impacts of an invasive nitrogen-fixing tree on leaf litter breakdown in a Hawaiian river Freshwater Biology April 2010

Wiegner, Tracy; Mackenzie, Richard

Potential effects of an invasive nitrogen-fixing tree on a Hawaiian stream food web Pacific Science Accepted, awaiting

publication; 64(3) May 2010

Wiegner, Tracy; Michaud, J Stream nutrient concentrations on the windward coast of Hawaiì Island and their relationship to watershed characteristics

Pacific Science Submitted, under review May 2010

Wiegner, Tracy; Tubal, RL A comparison of dissolved organic carbon bioavailability from native and introduced riparian vegetation along a Hawaiian river

Pacific Science 64 (4) May 2010

Table 6. Journal Publications from the second reporting period, 5/15/2010 to 5/23/2011

Author(s) Title Journal Citation Info Date Peer-Reviewed

Franco, Robert From Service to Science in the Energy-Climate Era

AAC&U Diversity and Democracy 13(3): 18-19 October

2010

Giambelluca, Thomas Possible water and soil impacts of Miconia invasion in Hawai’i

Newsletter of the Maui Invasive Species Committee. Kia‘i Nā Moku O Maui Nui.

Accepted, awaiting publication

June 2010

Mead, Lucas; Wiegner, Tracy

Surface Water Metabolism Potential in a Tropical Estuary, Hilo Bay, Hawaiì, During Storm and Non-storm Conditions

Estuaries and Coasts 33: 1099-1112 May

2010 X

Toonen, Rob; Bowen, Brian; Andrews, KR; Baums, IB; Bird, CE; Concepcion, GT; Daly-Engel, TS; Eble, JA; Faucci, A; Gaither, MR; Iacchei, M; Puritz, JB; Schultz, JK; Skillings, DJ; Timmers, M

Defining boundaries for applying Ecosystem-based management: a multispecies case study of marine connectivity across the Hawaiian Archipelago

Journal of Marine Biology

2011; Article ID: 460173, 13 pages

January 2011

Toonen, Rob; Bowen, Brian; Bird, CE; Holland, B

Diversification of Sympatric broadcast-spawning limpets (Cellana spp.) within the Hawaiian Archipelago

Molecular Ecology Accepted, awaiting publication

Toonen, Rob; Bowen, Brian; Eble, JA; Sorenson, L; Basch, LV; Papastamatiou, YP

Escaping Paradise: Larval Export from Hawaii in Indo-Pacific reef fish, the Yellow Tang (Zebrasoma flavescens)

Marine Ecology Progress Series


149


23

Toonen, Rob; Concepcion, GT; Kahng, SE; Crepeau, MW; Franklin, EC; Coles, SL

Resolving Natural Ranges and Marine Invasions in a Globally Distributed Octocoral (genus Carijoa)

Marine Ecology Progress Series 401: 113-127 February

2011

Toonen, Rob; Concepcion, GT; Polato, NR; Baums, IB

Development of Microsatellite Markers for Four Hawaiian Corals: Acropora cytherea, Fugia scutaria, Montipora capitata and Porites lobata

Conservation Genetic Resources 2: 11-15 Decemb

er 2010

Toonen, Rob; Dawson, MN; Barber, PH; Gonzalez-Guzman, LI; Dugan, JE; Grosberg, RK

Phylogeography of Emerita analoga (Crustacea, Decapoda, Hippidae), an Eastern Pacific Ocean Sandy Beach Crab with Long-Lived Pelagic Larvae

Journal of Biogeography


Toonen, Rob; Forsman, ZH; Concepcion, GT; Haverkort, RD; Shaw, RW; Maragos, JE

Ecomorph or Endangered Coral? DNA and Microstructure Reveal Hawaiian Species Complexes: Montipora dilatata/flabellata/turgescens & M. patula/verrilli

PLoS One 5: e15021 December 2010

Toonen, Rob; Forsman, ZH; Martinez, JA; Maragos, JE

Resurrection of Porites hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907; a Hawaiian coral obscured by small size, cryptic habitat, and confused taxonomy

Zootaxa 2624: 67-68 September 2010

Toonen, Rob; Gaither, MR; Szabo, Z; Crepeau, M; Bird, CE

Preservation of corals in salt-saturated DMSO buffer is superior to ethanol for PCR experiments

Coral Reefs 30: 329-333 October 2010 X

Toonen, Rob; Gates, ruth; Takabayashi, Misaki; Stat, M; Bird, CE; Ponchon, X; Chasqui, L; Chauka, LJ; Concepcion, GT; Logan, D

Variation in Symbiodinium ITS2 Sequence Assemblages among Coral Colonies

PLoS One 6: e15854 January 2011

Toonen, Rob; Polato, NR; Concepcion, GT; Baums, IB

Isolation by Distance Across the Hawaiian Archipelago in the Reef-Building Coral Porites lobata

Molecular Ecology 19: 4661-4677 November 2010 X

Toonen, Rob; Puritz, JB Coastal pollution limits pelagic larval dispersal

Nature Communications 2; Article ID: 226 March

2011

Toonen, Rob; Rivera, MJ; Andrews, KR; Kobayashi, DR; Wren, JLK; Kelley, C; Roderick, GK

Genetic Analyses and Simulations of Larval Dispersal Reveal Distinct Populations and Directional Connectivity across the Range of the Hawaiian Grouper (Epinephelus quernus)



January 2011

Toonen, Rob; Selkoe, KA; Watson, J; White, C; Ben-Horin, T; Iacchei, M; Miterai, S; Siegel, D; Gaines, SD

Taking the chaos out of genetic patchiness: seascape genetics reveals ecological and oceanographic drivers of genetic patterns in three temperate reef species

Molecular Ecology Special Issue: SPECIAL ISSUE ON LANDSCAPE GENETICS

19: 3708-3726; September 2010

September 2010

Toonen, Rob; Skillings, DJ; Bird, CE

Gateways to Hawai‘i: Genetic Population Structure of the Tropical Sea Cucumber Holothuria atra



January 2011

Toonen, Rob; Szabo, Z; Kimokeo, BK; Randall, JE

On the Status of the Hawaiian Seahorses Hippocampus hilonis, H. histrix, and H. fisheri

Marine Biological Research


Toonen, Rob; Timmers, MA; Andrews, KR; Bird, CE; deMaintenon, MJ; Brainard, RE

Widespread Dispersal of the Crown-of-Thorns Sea Star, Acanthaster planci, across the Hawaiian Archipelago and Johnston Atoll


2011; Article ID: 934269

January 2011

Toonen, Rob; Wagner, Daniel; Gates, ruth; Pochon, X; Irwin, L

Azooxanthellate? Most Hawaiian black corals contain Symbiodinium

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

278: 1323-1328 May 2011

Toonen, Rob; White, C; Watson, J; Siegel, DA; Selkoe, KA; Zacherl, DC

Ocean Currents Help Explain Population Genetic Structure

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

277: 1685-1694 June 2010 X

Wagner, Daniel; Toonen, Rob; Brugler, MR; Opresko, DM; France, SC; Montgomery, AD

Using Morphometrics, In Situ Observations and Genetic Characters to Distinguish Among Commercially Viable Hawaiian Black Coral Species; A Rediscription of Antipathes grandis Verrill, 1928 (Antipatharia: Antipathidae)

Invertebrate Systematics 24: 271-290 August

2010

Wiegner, Tracy; Mackenzie, RA; Kinslow, F; Cormier, N

Impacts of an invasive nitrogen-fixing tree on leaf litter breakdown in a Hawaiian river

Freshwater Biology Accepted, awaiting publication

April 2010

150


24

Table 7. Book Chapters and Conference Proceedings, 9/15/2009-5/23/2011 Year 1: 9/15/2009-5/15/2010 Author(s) Title Publication Details Date NotesAhamed, Syed V. Intelligent Network Applications for

Medical Systems The Second International Workshop on Ubiquitous Computing (Conference Proceedings)

June 2010

Ahamed, Syed V.; Erdogan, Sevki

IT Security Assessment for Interdisciplinary Research

The First International workshop on Communications Security & Information Assurance (CSIA) (Conference Proceedings)

June 2010

DeLay, JK History of cloud water interception research in Hawai‘i

In: L.A. Bruijnzeel, F.N. Scatena, and L.S. Hamilton (eds.) Mountains in the Mist: Science for Conserving and Managing Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Cambridge University Press.

June 2010 Accepted - awaiting publication

DeLay, JK; Nullett, MA; Scholl, MA; Gingerich, SB

Interpreting canopy water balance and fog screen observations: Separating cloud water from wind-blown rainfall at two contrasting forest sites in Hawai‘i

In: L.A. Bruijnzeel, F.N. Scatena, and L.S. Hamilton (eds.) Mountains in the Mist: Science for Conserving and Managing Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Cambridge University Press.

June 2010 Accepted - awaiting publication

Guardiola-Claramonte, M; Fox, J; Troch, PA

Changing land use in the Golden Triangle: Where the rubber meets the road

In: J. Roumasset, K. Burnett, and A. Balisacan (eds.) Sustainability Science for Watershed Landscapes. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

June 2010

Year 2: 5/15/2010-5/23/2011

Author(s) Title Publication Details Date Notes

Ahamed, Syed V Design Constructs of a Knowledge Machine

SMC 2010 IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (Conference Proceedings)

October 2010

Ahamed, Syed V; Erdogan, Sevki S

Knowledge Opportunities and Information Ethics

WiMo 2010 Main Conference and Lecture Notes for Computer Science. Springer Verlag 2010.


Leong, Jo-Ann DNA Vaccines for Viral Diseases of Farmed Fish and Shellfish

In: K. Remoren and O. Evenson (eds.) Aquaculture Biotechnology. John Wiley & Sons

September 2011

Accepted - awaiting publication

Leong, Jo-Ann; Bootland, Linda M

Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus In: P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Volume 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB International Publishing

February 2011

Rahman, Shawon; Hood, David

Flight Simulation Security Plan In: Jemal Abawajy, Mukaddim Pathan, Mustafizur Rahman, Al-Sakib Khan Pathan, and Mustafa Mat Deris (eds.), Internet and Distributed Computing Advancements: Theoretical Frameworks and Practical Applications. IGI Global

January 2012


Rahman, Shawon; Ricciotti, Anthony

Virtual Infrastructure Security in the Enterprise

In: Jemal Abawajy, Mukaddim Pathan, Mustafizur Rahman, Al-Sakib Khan Pathan, and Mustafa Mat Deris (eds.), Internet and Distributed Computing Advancements: Theoretical Frameworks and Practical Applications. IGI Global

January 2012


Toonen, Rob; Grosberg, RK

Causes of Chaos: Spatial and Temporal Genetic Heterogeneity in the Intertidal anomuran crab Petrolsthes cinctipes

In: S. Koenemann, C. Held, C. Schubart (eds.) Phylogeography and Population Genetics in Crustacea. CRC Press

In press; publication date 11/15/2011

Table 8. Papers Presented by EPSCoR-Affiliated Researchers

Year 1: 9/15/2009-5/15/2010

Author(s) Title Conference DateDelparte, Donna EPSCoR Hawaii - Supporting Ecosystems

Research The 7th Taipei International Digital Earth Symposium (TIDES 2010). Taipei, Taiwan

5/1/2010

Franco, B Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Career PatSpotlight on Service-Learning: Engaging Students, Engaging Faculty, Engaging Communitieshway Model: Merging Science and Culture

Achieving the Dream National Strategy Institute Charlotte, North Carolina

2/4/2010

Franco, B Spotlight on Service-Learning: Engaging Students, Engaging Faculty, Engaging Communities

North Carolina Campus Compact Annual Conference Raleigh, North Carolina

2/8/2010

151


25

Franco, B Spotlight on Service-Learning: Engaging Students, EngagingRoots, Resilience, and Reach: From Service to Science Faculty, Engaging Communities

Wisconsin Campus Compact Annual Conference Wassau, WI

2/10/2010

Franco, B Service-Learning in the Energy-Climate Era: Degrees Matter

Service-Learning Institute, Montana State U Bozeman, MT

4/13/2010

Giambelluca, Thomas Cloud water interception and canopy water partitioning in tropical montane cloud forests in Hawai‘i

Interdisciplinary Studies on Global Climate Change and the Ecology and Management of Tropical Montane Ecosystems. Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic

3/xx/2010

Noguchi, K; Chin, K Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Career Pathway Model: Merging Science and Culture

Native Hawaiian Education Association Conference Windward Community College, Oahu, Hawaii

3/19/2010

Sing, D; Noguchi, K Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Career Pathway Model: Merging Science and Culture

Engaging America's Talent Conference 3/22/2010

Timm, O; Diaz, H Statistical downscaling of rainfall extremes for the Hawaiian Islands

2010 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland, OR 2/xx/2010

Tribble, G; Bassiouni, M; Diaz, H; Jacobi, J; Timm, O; Oki, D; Price,

J; Prouty, N

Climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems and water resources in Hawai‘i

Climate Change Science: Understanding the Past, Informing Decisions of the Future, USGS Office of

Global Change, Denver, CO

3/xx/2010

Year 2: 5/15/2010-5/23/2011

Author(s) Title Conference Date

Delparte, Donna; ritter, Marcel; Benger, Werner; Stoeckl, Joseph; Folk, Mike; Koziol, Quincey; Steinbacher, Frank; Aufleger, Markus

Cross Disciplinary Applications of Multiplex Observational and Computational Datasets Using HDF5

European Geosciences Union 2011 4/4/2011

Franco, B Service-Learning in the Energy-Climate Era: Degrees Matter

Community College National Center for Community Engagement Scottsdale, AZ

5/26/2010

Giambelluca, Thomas; Scholl, MA Stable isotope techniques to quantify the role of cloud water in forested mountain watersheds in the trade-wind latitudes, Hawai‘i and Puerto Rico

5th International Conference on Fog, Fog Collection and Dew, Münster, Germany

7/xx/2010

Glenn, Craig; Burnett, WC; Lucey, PN; Johnson, AG; Peterson, RN; Kelly, JL

Upscaling and downscaling submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient fluxes by combining in situ measurements with aerial infrared imaging

ASLO/NABS conference in Sante Fe, New Mexico 6/xx/2010

Glenn, Craig; Dulaiova, H; Peterson, RN; Stiegleitz, T

Submarine Groundwater Discharge – From Watershed to Coast: Climate, Land-Use, Geohydrology and Marine Biogeochemical Impacts

(I) Special Sessions 38 (3 Oral + 1 Poster), (II) Interactive Session I08, and (III) Pre-Meeting Workshop, Joint Society of Limnology and Oceanography and North American Benthological Society Meeting, Snata Fe, NM, 2010.

5/20/2010

Glenn, Craig; Kelly, JL Determination of Chlorofluorocarbon Apparent Ages in Groundwater from the West Side of the Island of Hawaii

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Aquatic Science Meeting, Santa Fe, NM

5/20/2010

Inman-Narahari, F; Cordell, S; Giardina, C; Sack, L

Seedling dynamics in native dominated Hawaiian rain forest

Botanical Society of America, Providence, RI 8/xx/2010

Noguchi, K; Chin, K Using 'Ike Pono and Aloha 'Āina to Build Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Career Pathways Models

Hawai'i Conservation Conference, Honolulu 8/4/2010

Price, Donald Local adaptation of Hawaiian Drosophila in a changing environment: populations genetics, gene expression and other approaches

Conservation Genomics Genomics, American Genetics Association Annual Symposium. Hilo, Hawaii

5/21/2010

Price, Donald; Eldon, Jon; Magnacca, Karl

Phylogeographic patterns of population differentiation in closely related endemic picture-winged Drosophila on the Island of Hawaii

Evolution Conference, Portland Oregon 5/21/2010

Price, Donald; Eldon, Jon; Moss, Andrea; Uy, Karen; Veillet, Anne

Adaptive thermal tolerance in an endemic Hawaiian picture-winged fly on the Island of Hawaii: phenotypic and genetic evidence


Price, Donald; Raver, Amanda; Stone, Fred; Eldon, Jon; Howarth, Frank; Na, Daniel; Magnacca, Karl

Population phylogeography of cave adapted crickets of Hawaii Island (Caconemobius; Cryllidae, Nemobiinae)


Wiegner, Tracy; Mead, LH Storm effects on water quality and productivity of a tropical Hawaiian Estuary

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Santa Fe, New Mexico

6/2010

152


26

Table 9. Posters Presented by EPSCoR-Affiliated Researchers, 9/15/2009-5/23/2011

Year 1: 9/15/2009-5/15/2010

Author Title Conference Date

Noguchi, Kalei Hawaii EPSCoR Diversity, Education, and Workforce Team

Engaging America's Talent Conference, Little Rock, Arkansas 3/22/2010

Wiegner, Tracy; Mokiao-Lee, A; Johnson, E Tracing sewage inputs into the WaiÒpae Tide Pools, Kapoho, Hawaii, using stable isotopes 2nd Annual TCBES Conference, Hilo, HI 2/xx/2010

Year 2: 5/15/2010-5/23/2011

Author Title Conference Date

Arakaki, Amber Community Accessible Science Through Interactive Websites Hawaii EPSCoR Statewide Conference 10/8/2010

Bongolan, Kelly; Kuntz, Wendy A Allelopathy of Psidium cattleainum STEM Undergraduate Research Fair (SURF), Kapiolani Community College, Honolulu

4/13/2011

Cockett, Patricia; Kuntz, Wendy A Thermal Tolerances of Four Littoral Gastropods: Honolulu, Hawaii

National Conference on Undergraduate Research, Ithaca, NY 3/31/2011

Eggers, Amy Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) Evolutionary Genetics Core Facility Hawaii EPSCoR Statewide Conference 10/8/2010

Greenway, Matthew; Peterson, Michael; Binder, Philippe M Invasive Species Modeling Genetic Algorithms Hawaii EPSCoR Statewide Conference 10/8/2010

Inman-Narahari, Faith Hawai'i permanent plot network: first census results and ongoing research

Botanical Society of America, Providence, RI 8/xx/2010

Jackson, Jahrain; Loving, Joshua; Wessels, Andrew; Purvis, Mike; Rahman, Shawon

Next Generation Browser Based Remote Visualization Hawaii EPSCoR Statewide Conference 10/8/2010

Mead, Lucas University of Hawaii Analytical Laboratory Hawaii Statewide EPSCoR Meeting, Honolulu 10/8/2010

Nishioka, Chris; Delparte, Donna Assessing community vulnerabilities to natural hazards on the island of Hawai'i

European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2010, Natural Hazards 9.12, Vienna, Austria

12/9/2010

Noguchi, K; Chin, K Nā Pua No'eau’s Pathways and EPSCoR Diversity, Education and Workforce Programs Hawaii Conservation Conference 8/4/2010

Rahman, Shawon Hoa Lawehana: A Web-based System to Assist Students with Disabilities

The 2011 Association for Psychological Science (APS 2011) Annual Convention, Washington, DC

5/26/2011

Steward, Kanoelani; Manning, Mackenzie Waikiki: Assessing the "Spouting Waters" and Studying its Effects on Benthic Communities

Emerging Researchers National Conference in STEM, Washington DC 2/25/2011

Temple, Asael Web Processing Framework for Desktop Visualization Hawaii EPSCoR Statewide Conference 10/8/2010

Wiegner, Tracy; Adolf, J; Beets, J; Dulaiova, H; Glenn, C; Takabayashi, M; Holleman, K; Johnson, E; Most, R; Walker, J; Waters, C

Environmental dynamics and ecosystem responses (ENDER) agenda 3: Marine ecosystem responses to environmental changes

Hawaii Statewide EPSCoR Meeting, Honolulu 10/8/2010

153


27

Appendix B: Awards to EPSCoR Researchers

Table 10. Awards to EPSCoR Researchers With Start Dates Between 9/15/2009 and 5/15/2010

Principal Investigator

Proposal Title Funding Agency Start Date

End Date

Award Amount

Data Source

Adolf, Jason Hilo Bay Buoy as a component of the Pacific Island Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)

Integrated Ocean Observing System Program, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, through the National Oceanographic Partnerships Program

4/1/2010 3/31/2011 $90,000 Self-Report

Beets, Jim Coral habitat and the use of coral by recruit reef fishes: evaluation of watershed reclamation at Pelekane Bay, West Hawaii

NOAA-Coral Reef Conservation Program

4/1/2010 8/31/2011 $41,844 Self-Report

Burnett, Kimberly Evaluating Policy Options to Reduce the Risk of New Strains of Ohia Rust in Hawaii

US Geological Survey 4/26/2010 9/30/2011 $39,540 Self-Report

Dulaiova, Henrieta Sources of Iron to the Eastern Tropical Atlantic: Does the Continental Margin Supplement Saharian Du

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

1-Jan-10 31-Aug-10 $28,314 ORS

El-Kadi, Aly Validation of Water Budget Analyses and Modeling for the Sustainable Groundwater Availability in Jej

Korean Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)

1-Oct-09 30-Apr-10 $43,478 ORS

El-Kadi, Aly Validation of Water Budget Analyses and Modeling for the Sustainable Groundwater Availability in Jej

Korean Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)

1-May-10 30-Apr-11 $86,960 ORS

Gates, Ruth Twenty Five Years of Edwin W. Pauley Summer Programs in Marine Biology: A Synthesis of Scientific Co

University of Hawaii Foundation 1-Nov-09 31-Jan-10 $15,132 ORS

Giambelluca, Thomas

Revision of the Rainfall Atlas of Hawaii

Chee (Wil) Planning, Inc 1-Nov-09 31-May-11 $77,235 ORS

Giambelluca, Thomas

Revision of the Rainfall Atlas of Hawaii

Chee (Wil) Planning, Inc 1-Nov-09 31-May-11 $38,597 ORS

Giambelluca, Thomas

Ecohydrological Field Research in Hawai‘i

Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, USGS

3/17/2010 12/31/2010 $50,000 Self-Report

Giambelluca, Thomas

HaleNet Equipment Replacement and Upgrade

Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, USGS

6/15/2010 12/31/2010 $75,000 Self-Report

Lassner, David Hawaii Educational Networking Consortium (HENC)

Hawaii Assn of Independent Schools

15-Sep-09 14-Sep-10 $8,000 ORS


Olelo Community Television 1-Jan-10 31-Dec-10 $20,000 ORS


Olelo Community Television 1-Jan-10 31-Dec-10 $20,000 ORS

Lassner, David; Gaines, Jim

Pacific Disaster Center DoD OSD 12/16/2009 12/15/2014 $30,000,000 Self-Report

Ostertag, Rebecca Seed Rain and Seedling Recruitment in Hawai‘i

Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst, Center for Tropical Forest Science

12/1/2009 12/31/2010 $11,750 Self-Report

Popp, Brian Collaborative Research: The Role of Marine Crenarchaeota in Nitrification and Links Among Biogeochem

California Merced, University of 10-Dec-09 31-Jul-11 $33,902 ORS

Roumasset, James Ecosystem Function: Natural, Anthropogenic, and Invasive Species Co ntributions to Biogeochemical Evolution of Groundwaters and Coastal Environments of West Hawaii

NSF/EPSCoR 10/1/2009 9/30/2014 $135,000 Self-Report

Scott, Neil EAGER:Creating and Evaluating a Makery Cloud

NSF 9/15/2009 9/14/2010 $176,352 Self-Report

154


28

Table 11. Awards to EPSCoR Researchers With Start Dates Between 5/16/2010 and 5/23/2011

Principle Investigator Proposal Title Sponsor Name Start

DateEnd Date

Award Amount Data Source

Adolf, Jason MRI: Acquisition of a Hitachi S-3400N-II Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope with…

National Science Foundation 1-Nov-10 31-Oct-13 $396,208 ORS

Beets, Jim

Managing marine ecosystem responses to increasing nutrients and other disturbances: herbivory as a control of algal overgrowth of coral reefs in two Hawai‘i parks

NPS, Ocean Stewardship Program 7/1/2010 5/30/2014 $248,248 Self-Report

Burnett, Kimberly Estimating the Cost of Rodent Control on Islands

US Fish and Wildlife Service 11/1/2010 1/1/2012 $41,748 Self-report

Chain, William Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Anti-Renal Cancer Compound Englerin A

Hawaii Community Foundation (HCF) 8-Jun-10 8-Dec-11 $49,933 ORS

Delparte, Donna Environmental History for Kalaupapa National Historical Park, 1900-2000

United States Department of the Interior

6/1/2010 9/17/2012 $40,000 Self-Report

Delparte, Donna Baseline Study for Food Sustainability in Hawaii County County of Hawaii 5/15/2011 12/31/2011 $65,000 Self-Report

Dulaiova, Henrieta Radionuclide Measurement Assurance for Radiobioassay

Commerce, Dept - Natl Inst of Standards & Tech

1-Sep-10 31-Aug-13 $540,492 Self-Report

El-Kadi, Aly Hydraulic Properties of the Northern Guam Lens Aquifer System, Territory of Guam, USA

Interior, Dept - U.S. Geological Survey

30-Jun-10 31-Dec-11 $80,000 ORS

Franco, Robert Kapahulu Learning and Outreach Center

Housing & Urban Development, Dept - FED

24-Sep-10 24-Sep-13 $800,000 ORS

Franco, Robert Student Tuition Aid for Research and Transfer in Urban Polynesia (START UP)

NSF Division of Undergraduate Education

6/1/2010 5/30/2015 $592,716 Self-Report

Gates, Ruth

Resilience and Acclimatization Potential of Reef Corals Under Predicted Global Climate Change Stress

Environmental Protection Agency 1-Aug-10 31-Jul-11 $17,000 ORS

Gates, Ruth EAGER: Building Networks and Study Systems to Advance Research on the Biology of Pacific Corals

Oregon State University 1-Aug-10 31-Jul-11 $64,590 ORS

Giambelluca, Thomas Evapotranspiration in Hawaii CH2M Hill, Inc 2-Mar-11 31-Dec-12 $173,546 ORS

Giambelluca, Thomas

Climate Change Impacts on Critical Ecosystems in Hawaii and US Pacific Islands Territories

US Fish and Wildlife Service 10/1/2010 9/30/2012 $237,906 Self-Report

Giambelluca, Thomas

Field Monitoring and Analysis of Climate Change Across a Wide Range of Ecosystems in Hawaii

US Fish and Wildlife Service 10/1/2010 2013 $189,191 Self-Report

Turner, Helen Novel wound healing agents from Cnidaria

NIH 1/9/2010 8/31/2015 $110,000 Self-Report

155


29

Giambelluca, Thomas

Investigation of Historical Rainfall Trends and Possible Future Changes in the Frequency of Extreme High and Low Rainfall in Hawai‘i

US Army Corps of Engineers and the Hawaii Commission on Water Resources Mgmt

9/1/2010 8/31/2011 $150,000 Self-Report

Giambelluca, Thomas Evapotranspiration in Hawai‘i

US Army Corps of Engineers and the Hawaii Commission on Water Resources Mgmt

9/1/2010 2013 $281,077 Self-Report

Glenn, Craig

Preventing the introduction and spread of nutrient driven invasive algal blooms and coral reef degradation in West Hawai‘i

NOAA/Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative 9/1/2010 7/31/2011 $265,197 Self-Report

Glenn, Craig Lahaina Groundwater Tracer Study, Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii

U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC)

4/15/2011 12/31/2011 $118,000 Self-Report

Lassner, David IRNC: ProNet - TransLight / Pacific Wave

National Science Foundation 1-Jul-10 30-Jun-15 $3,999,790 Self-Report

Lassner, David Enabling Hawaii to COMPETE: Seizing the Opportunity for Equitable Connectivity

National Science Foundation 1-Sep-10 31-Aug-12 $9,838,150 Self-Report

Lassner, David Access for All: Hawaii Statewide Public Computing Centers

Commerce, Dept - Natl Telecom & Information Adm

1-Sep-10 31-Aug-13 $1,949,360 Self-Report

Lassner, David Ke Ala 'Ike: Connecting Hawaii's Public Schools, Community Colleges, Universities and Libraries

Commerce, Dept - Natl Telecom & Information Adm

1-Sep-10 31-Aug-13 $33,972,800 Self-Report

Lassner, David Fiber Connectivity to VLBA on Mauna Kea Defense, Dept - Navy 19-Jul-10 18-Jul-11 $375,752 ORS

Leong, Jo-Ann Marine Fisheries Scientist at HIMB Commerce, Dept - Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Adm (NOAA)

1-Aug-10 31-Jul-15 $1,675,000 Self-Report

Leong, Jo-Ann Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve - HIMB research partnership

NOAA 10/1/2010 4/5/2011 $2,287,000 Self-Report

Ostertag, Rebecca Monitoring with Forest Inventory and Analysis in Hawaii Experimental Tropical Forest

Agriculture, Dept - Forest Service-FED 19-Jul-10 31-Dec-12 $299,832 ORS

Ostertag, Rebecca

Developing Novel Ecosystems That Optimize Carbon Storage, Native Biodiversity, and Human Mobility in Lowland Hawaiian Forests

Department of Defense 4/6/2011 1/31/2016 $1,695,730 Self-Report

Ostertag, Rebecca Undergraduate Research Experience in Tropical Conservation Science NSF 9/1/2010 8/31/2011 $508,509 Self-Report

Popp, Brian

Collaborative Research: CAMEO 2009 - A Novel Tool for Validating Trophic Position Estimates in Ecosy…

National Science Foundation

15-Aug-10 31-Jul-13 $426,800 ORS

Price, Donald Quality Evaluation of Irradiated Blueberries and Peaches Agriculture, Dept - FED 15-Sep-

10 14-Sep-11 $70,000 ORS

Scott, Neil The Makery Professional Development Workshop for Robotics

Robotics Organizing Committee, Hawaii 1-Sep-10 31-Aug-11 $100,850 ORS

Scott, Neil Na Pua Noeau FY 2011 Hawaiian Affairs, Office of-HI 1-Jul-10 30-Jun-11 $1,231,140 ORS

Sing, David Aha Opio Alakai Program 2011 Hawaiian Affairs, Office of-HI 1-Jul-10 30-Jun-11 $80,000 ORS

Wu, Joanna Mewaldt-King Student Research Award

Cooper Ornithological Society $1,000 Self-Report

Wu, Joanna Bergstrom Memorial Research Award

Association of Field Ornithologists $850 Self-Report

156


30

Table 12. Grants Submitted by EPSCoR Researchers, Pending Award Decision

Principal Investigator

Project/Proposal Title Source of Support AwardAmount

Period

Burnett, Kimberly Conversion of marine biomass wastes into a revenue stream for supporting coastline environmental management

UHM OVCRGE $102,856 4/30-2011-3/31/2013

Dulaiova, Henrieta Historic coastal ocean acidification rates and current driving forces of pH across the U. S. Pacific Islands region

PICC FWS $65,000 1/1/2012-12/31/2013

Dulaiova, Henrieta RAPID: Establishing radionuclide levels in the central Pacific Ocean in response to releases from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant

NSF $94,637 5/1/2011-4/30/2012

Franco, Robert Hawaii's Pre-enginering Education Collaborative NSF Human Resource Development $4,959,650 8/1/2010-7/31/2015

Franco, Robert TCUP Ecological Ahupuaa Monitoring in Urban Polynesia (TEAM UP)

NSF Human Resource Development $2,499,790 8/1/2010-7/31/2015

Glenn, Craig Lahaina Groundwater Tracer Study, Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii: Phase II

State of Hawaii, Department of Health, Safe Drinking Water Branch /US Environmental Protection Agency

$140,000 4/15/2011-12/31/2011

Glenn, Craig Assessment of Groundwater Inputs and Nutrient Flow into Coastal Waters of Maui via Natural Tracers and Aerial Imagery

NOAA/UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM

$108,571 2/1/2012-1/31/2014

Glenn, Craig Connecting Land-Use to Submarine Groundwater Discharge Loads and Coral Reef Health within the Coastal Zones of Maui

NOAA/UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM

$119,928 2/1/2012-1/31/2014

Leong, Jo-Ann Indonesia Recalamation of Mine Spoils While Conserving and Restoring Coral in Indonesia

USAID $404,056 1/1/2012-1/1/2015

Price, Donald GK-12: Fellows Leading Authentic Research Experiences (FLARE)

NSF $3,000,000 3/1/2011 - 2/29/2016

Roumasset, James Integrated Assessment of Natural Resources and Adaptation to Future Climate Change in Hawaii

UHM OVCRGE $1,000,000 5/1/2011-4/30/2013

Turner, Helen Chaminade University BRIC NIH $4,127,000 1/9/2010-8/31/2015

Wiegner, Tracy Microbial pollution source tracking and prediction in Hilo Bay: a spatial and temporal analysis

University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program

$119,361 4/1/2010-3/31/2011

Total $16,740,849

157

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web

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to th

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esen

ce o

f the

inva

sive

tree

kia

we

161

X X Improve Communication within Teams and Between Teams

X Strengthen Ties Between ECOGEM and ENDER Teams

X X Integration of CYBER as a Research Component

The installation of the Hawaii Geospatial Data Repository and the hiring of a modeling post doc and technical staff will allow the CYBER team researcher to focus more of their time on intellectually compelling research. With nascent efforts already underway in modeling and visualization CYBER is poised to engage ECOGEM and ENDER teams in cooperative research activities. CYBER integration was discussed at the first Research Retreat and is on the agenda for the July meeting.

X X Integration Among the Research, Teaching, and Outreach Components

X Integration of DEW more broadly across all EPSCoR

X Build Research Collaborations

In the fist year report IMUA III teams were just getting their research underway. In Year 2 the teams are firmly established and have engaged a broad spectrum of collaborators locally, nationally and internationally. The partnerships with the local state and federal agencies are especially fruitful with sharing of personnel, resources and equipment. The reorganized DEW team also brings an array of mature relationships and collaborations into contact with the research teams.

X Sustainability of Makery Activities

The Makery, with installations at the Palolo Science Discovery Center on Oahu and Connections Charter School in Hilo is a logical integration point for middle and high school STEM education and workforce training. Discussions within the reorganized DEW team are ongoing.

X Development of a Summer Institute for Middle School Students

Through the Pacific Internship Programs for Exploring Science (PIPES), Summer middle school efforts will utilize three undergraduate employees to work with two DEW staff (all Native Hawaiian) to develop that hands-on experiential STEM summer program as discussed in the Human Resources Developemtn Section, B.10.

X Development of a State-wide and System-wide Computational Science Undergraduate Degree

Actions taken to address the development of a computational degree program is discussed in detail in section B.3: CYBER. Curriculum development is underway at UHH and UH System-level discussions have taken place.

X

Add Computational Science Research Components Related to Modeling, High Performance Computing, and Cyberinfrastructure Integration into the Current Infrastructure-focused Activities

The hiring of additional technical staff and one of two post-docs will allow CYBER researchers to devote motre time to recommendation. CYBER has established a working relationship with the Hawaii Open Supercomputing Center and is coordinating modeling activities with ECOGEM and ENDER as discussed in the research sections of this report.

X Student Tracking Database

While the DEW activities at UHH and KCC already utilize systems to track students participating in outreach and education activities plans to leverage these data for EPSCoR tracking are underway. Meetings planned for June 2011 will also focus on the use of the new web-based data management system to efficiently track IMUA III students and interns.

X Increase Community Engagement in Research and Educational Activities

X Community Support be Made Part of the Sustainability Plan

X X Revisits and Re-develops a Plan for a Community Advisory Committee (CAC)

The CAC has been reorganized and is conducting regular meeting with IMUA III participants. Members of the CAC include social scientists to help guide these efforts. The CAC is discussed in detail in section B.5 Community Advisory Committee.

X Strategic plan, timeline

IMUA III participants attended a strategic planning workshop in October 2010 that focused on the development of timelines as a research planning tool. The Spring 2011 update of the Strategic Plan includes GANTT charts developed by each team. The updated plan is attached in Appendix L.

X Utilize an Independent, External Evaluator A new evaluator has been contracted to begin June 1, 2011. See Section B.9 IMUA III Evaluation Team.

X X Institutional support

UHH Chancellor Donald Straney will become co-PI with Dr Jim Gaines and has also agreed to co-chair the reorganized statewide committee. His commitment is in recognition of the increased role of EPSCoR research (NSF and NIH) at UHH. Having been in his position less than one year, expectations are high that new instutional support initiatives will be supported.

X Statewide Committee S&T plan The Hawaii Statewide Committee has been reorganized and will hold their first meeting on June 13, 2011. Details of the reorganization can be found in Section B.11.

Instutional Changes

ActionRecommendationEvaluationRSVMAP

This issue is being addressed in many ways, including the recent research retreat in April 2011 and another planned for July 2011. Team leaders were named in Fall 2010 and serve as points of contact for communications within and between teams. The Team Leaders continue to meeet monthly with the PI. Special vents such as the USDA/HOSC Science meeting and Water Resources conference also provide IMUA IIIresearchers time to interact and explore new integrative activities.

Appendix O: Review Panel Recommendations and Actions

The reorganized DEW team has brought much needed coordination to research and outreach activities, especially at UHH. Starting n started in early 2011, DEW is alreadydriving integration across all IMUA III activities. Their engagement of the CAC in research team activities is providing valuable feedback for student recruitment. DEW is also coordinating cross-team events and assisting in student and faculty training (e.g. Hawaiian student mentoring workshop)

Sustainability of the research and education activities of IMUA III can only be achieved through direct and constant engagement of the local community. The DEW team has taken a leadership role in the coordination of research participants in the community outreach efforts, especially with the CAC. The frequency of these activities will increase in future years of this award.

Team Integration

Program Enhacements

Outreach & Communications

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