04film Studies

Week Four

Film Aesthetics IPhotography. The cinematographer, the shots, the angles, lighting and colour symbolism (+ post production)

Film Studies

Photo: Fallen Angels from Senses of Cinema

Review, Film StructureIn Apocalypse Now, what is an example of an image that conveys an abstract idea?

How does point-of-view factor into film narrative.Who is telling the story?

Comment on the role of the music in Apocalypse Now?

How does it compare to other Vietnam films?

Which officer was even crazier than Kurtz? Ironic? How? Something about hypocrisy of war?

Think of Apocalypse Now and its practical story structure. Categorize according to style and explain in five paragraphs corresponding to Principles of Story. Inciting Incident? The reaction to this (quest)? Progressive Complications? The climax? (Metaphorical juxtaposition?) The resolution?

Is there a subplot? Is this a hero’s tale? What does he find out about himself? What is the character’s arch of discovery?

Story mckeeWhat was the Inciting Incident in this story? (The primary cause of all that follows?)

How did the protagonist react to this? (the Quest)

The Progressive Complications — What’s at stake? What’s the risk? How are the subplots involved?

The Crisis? What was the crisis decision?

The Climax? What was the “value swing”?

The Resolution? What was the point of this resolution in terms of dramatic structure?

STORY PRINCIPLES

APOCALYPSE NOW -- Review

Systematic Mise en Scene Analysis15 pt. Systematic Mise en Scene Analysis

From Giannetti and Leach, Understanding Movies.

1. Dominant. What is our eye attracted to?

2. Lighting Styles and Key: High-key, low-key, painterly, linear?

3. Shot and Camera Proxemics: What type of shot? How far away?

4. Shot Angles. High, low, neutral.

5. Colour values. What is dominent colour? Colour symbolism?

6. Lens/filter/stock. How do these distort or comment on photography?

7. Subsidiary contrasts. What are the eye-stops after the dominant?

8. Density. How much visual information is packed into the image? Is texture stark, moderate, or highly detailed?

Continued next screen

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Systematic Mise en Scene Analysis15 pt. Systematic Mise en Scene Analysis

9. Composition. How is the 2-D space segmented and organized? What is the underlying design?

10. Form. Open or closed? Does the image suggest a window that arbitrarily isolates a fragment of the scene? Or is it self contained?

11. Framing. Tight or loose? How much room do the characters have to move around?

12. Depth. On how many planes is the image composed? Does the background and foreground comment on the midground?

13. Character placement. What parts of the framed space are occupied?

14. Staging positions.Which way to they look vis-à-vis the camera

15.Character proxemics. How much space between characters?

Continued …

Cinematography and Shots, Example 1.

Cinematography affects “tone” or general atmosphere of a film. Eg the drop-dead awesome beauty of the long shot or establishing shot in scene 7 of Lawrence of Arabia. (Look for full shot in scene 6.) Genre: (Action/Adventure) Drama.

Requires a wide angle lens to capture objects at several focal distances and photographed in depth.

How does music enhance the spectacle of the long shot? Are there adjectives that relate to both visual and aural texts? What about in Apocalypse Now?

Steven Spielberg was greatly influenced by L of A. Can you think of examples?

Aesthetics of Filmmaking

Lawrence of Arabia (David Lean, 1962)

DOP (Cinematographer): Freddie YoungWriting credits T.E. Lawrence (writings)Robert Bolt (screenplay)

Genre: Adventure / War / Drama Music: Maurice JarrePlot Outline: British lieutenant T.E. Lawrence rewrites the

political history of Saudi Arabia. User Comments: Makes a Strong Case for Best Film Ever.

Cast overview: Peter O'Toole .... T.E. LawrenceAlec Guinness .... Prince FeisalAnthony Quinn .... Auda abu TayiOmar Sharif .... Sherif Ali ibn el Kharish

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

From imdb

Shot Proxemics, Example 2.

Eg # 1. Proxemics. In scene 60 of Il Bueno, il brutto, il cattivo, watch for the transition between long shot or establishing shot to the full shot to the medium shot to the closeup to the extreme close up. Question… who is the camera??

What is the function of the over-the-shoulder shot in this scene? What about the music?

Check the depth of field in extreme closeups. What happens to focus of the background?

Aesthetics of Filmmaking -- Photography

Il Bueno, il brutto, il cattivo aka The Good the Bad and the Ugly (Sergio Leone, 1966)

DOP (Cinematographer):Writing credits Luciano Vincenzoni &Sergio Leone Genre: Action / Western / Drama (more) Music: Ennio MorriconeTagline: For Three Men The Civil War Wasn't Hell. It

Was Practice! Plot Outline: Three gunmen set out to find a hidden

fortune. Who will walk away with the cash? User Comments: The best of Eastwood's "spaghetti

westerns" Cast overview, first billed only: Clint Eastwood .... JoeLee Van Cleef .... SentenzaElli Wallach .... Tuco

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

From imdb

Shot AnglesEg # 3. It’s all here in Psycho! Scenes 9 and 10.

There are five basic angles in cinema:

1. The bird’s eye view

2. The high angle

3. The eye-level shot

4. The low angle

5. The oblique angle

Watch how the “status” of the characters change in scene 9 through use of high and low angles. Who is the camera again??

Aesthetics of Filmmaking

Psycho (Alfred Hitchcock, 1960)

DOP (Cinematographer): John L. RussellWriting credits Robert Bloch (novel)Joseph Stefano (screenplay)Genre: Horror / ThrillerTagline: A new- and altogether different- screen excitement!!!

(more) Plot Outline: A young female embezzeler arrives at the Bates

Motel which has terrible secrets of its own.

Cast: Anthony Perkins .... Norman BatesJanet Leigh .... Marion CraneVera Miles .... Lila CraneJohn Gavin .... Sam Loomis

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

From imdb

Light and Dark

Styles of lighting:

High Key, Comedies, musicals, bright even light with few shadows. Example we saw?

High Contrast, Harsh shafts of light, dramatic streaks of blackness. Example? Hitchcock staged many of his most violent scenes in the glaring light.

Painterly style of light eg. Girl with the Pearl Earring. Soft-focus, sensuous, romantic.

Linear style is austere, deglamourized, razor-sharp deep focus. High-key cinematography favoured by realists.

Aesthetics of Filmmaking

Colour Expressionism

Colour tends to be a subconscious element in film. Strongly emotional in appeal, expressive and atmospheric rather than conspicuous or intellectual. Psychologists have discovered that people actively attempt to interpret the lines of a composition but accept colour passively, permitting it to suggest moods rather than objects.

Some filmmakers deliberately alternate episodes in black and white with sequences in colour.

Example of these two points: Girl with the Pearl Earring. (Colour saturated and muted in post production.)

Aesthetics of Filmmaking

Fallen Angels (Wong Kar-Wai, 1995)96 Minutes

DOP (Cinematographer): Christopher Doyle

Genre: Action (Hong Kong)

Plot Summary: A disillusioned killer embarks on his last hit but first he has to overcome his affections for his cool, detached partner.

Leon Lai ... Wong Chi-Ming/KillerMichelle Reis... The Killer's Agent (as Michele Reis)Takeshi Kaneshiro ... He Zhiwu

From imdb