03.12. elõadás jegyzet (ppt)

Hálózatok konfigurálása

Bevezetés(mit és hogyan állítsak, hogy elérjem az

Internetet otthon)

OSI és az Internet

Application

Presentation

Session

Process/Application

Transport Host to Host

Network Internetwork

Data Link

Physical

Network

Access

TCP/IP protokoll architektúra

OSI Layer 4(Transport)

TCP UDP

ICMP routing SNMPOSI Layer 3(Network)

IP Filtering IP NAT IP

OSI Layer 2(Data Link)

ARP RARP PPP PPPoE LCP

802.3 802.11 ATM . . .OSI Layer 1(Physical)

10/100 Ethernet CableModem

WirelessLAN

xDSL Modem

Microsoft Network Protokoll Architektúra

NETBIOS

NetBIOS overTCP/IP

Windows Sockets

TDI (Transport Driver Inteface)

NWLink NetBEUI (NBF) TCP/IP

NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification)

Adapter drivers

Network adapters

Dokumentáció, információ, help

• RFC

• man

• /usr/doc directory

• help

• fórumok

• google és más keresők

Hálózat konfigurálása

• Network Access: – általában automatikus

• Internetwork: – manuális– DHCP (Dynamis Host Configuration)

• Host to Host és felette:– igény szerint… most nem foglalkozunk vele

Tipikus „Network access” otthon:

• Telefon modem (PPP)

• ADSL (PPPoE)

• Cable modem

• MicroWave, Wireless

• IrDA, Bluetooth

• Ethernet (Coax, UTP)

• Egyéb más megoldások

Fontosabb hálózati parancsok

• ipconfig, ifconfig,• ping,• traceroute, tracert,• route,• nslookup, host,• arp,• NET (Windows NT, 2K, stb.)• grafikus adminisztrátori programok

(W2K) > ipconfig /all

Windows 2000 IP Configuration

Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : oasis1

Primary DNS Suffix . . . . . . . :

Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcast

IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No

WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No

DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : inf.u-szeged.hu

Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : inf.u-szeged.hu

Description . . . . . . . . . . . : SMC EZ Card 10/100 (SMC1255TX)

Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-04-E2-1F-A6-EC

DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes

Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes

IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 160.114.37.21

Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.254.0

Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 160.114.37.254

DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 160.114.37.205

DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 160.114.37.205

160.114.51.3

Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Friday, March 12, 2004 1:14:45 AM

Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Friday, March 12, 2004 1:24:45 AM

(Debian)> ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:E2:1F:A6:1C

inet addr:160.114.37.205 Bcast:160.114.37.255 Mask:255.255.254.0

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:141009687 errors:2740 dropped:0 overruns:2740 frame:2740

TX packets:148590695 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:1221478403 (1.1 GiB) TX bytes:2052918402 (1.9 GiB)

Interrupt:18 Base address:0xe800

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1

RX packets:2090944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:2090944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:446367543 (425.6 MiB) TX bytes:446367543 (425.6 MiB)

(W2K)> ping amadea.inf.u-szeged.hu

Pinging amadea.inf.u-szeged.hu [160.114.37.193] with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 160.114.37.193: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=255

Reply from 160.114.37.193: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255

Reply from 160.114.37.193: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 160.114.37.193:

Packets: Sent = 3, Received = 3, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 16ms, Average = 5ms

(Debian) > ping amadea.inf.u-szeged.hu

PING amadea.inf.u-szeged.hu (160.114.37.193): 56 data bytes

64 bytes from 160.114.37.193: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=1.1 ms



--- amadea.inf.u-szeged.hu ping statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 0.6/0.7/1.1 ms

(W2K) > tracert www.depo.hu

Tracing route to www.depo.hu [195.228.75.30]

over a maximum of 30 hops:

1 16 ms <10 ms 16 ms swarp0.inf.u-szeged.hu [160.114.37.254]

2 16 ms <10 ms <10 ms 160.114.120.81

3 <10 ms 16 ms <10 ms 160.114.120.61

4 <10 ms <10 ms 16 ms 195.111.97.241

5 <10 ms 32 ms <10 ms c6513-tengbeth5-1.vh.hbone.hu [195.111.97.242]

6 <10 ms 16 ms 15 ms ge2-10.osr0-vhugo.matav.net [145.236.89.193]

7 15 ms 16 ms <10 ms g4-3-0.core0-ip2.matav.net [145.236.85.13]

8 <10 ms 15 ms 16 ms vlan9.6509-1-msfc2.adatpark.hu [145.236.89.6]

9 <10 ms 16 ms <10 ms web1.hirekmedia.hu [195.228.75.30]

Trace complete.

(amadea) > traceroute www.depo.hu

traceroute to www.depo.hu (195.228.75.30), 30 hops max, 20 byte packets

1 swarp0 (160.114.37.254) 2 ms 2 ms 3 ms

2 160.114.120.81 (160.114.120.81) 7 ms 15 ms 7 ms

3 160.114.120.61 (160.114.120.61) 8 ms 7 ms 9 ms

4 195.111.97.241 (195.111.97.241) 10 ms 9 ms 16 ms

5 c6513-tengbeth5-1.vh.hbone.hu (195.111.97.242) 9 ms 8 ms 8 ms

6 ge2-10.osr0-vhugo.matav.net (145.236.89.193) 11 ms 9 ms 9 ms

7 g4-3-0.core0-ip2.matav.net (145.236.85.13) 9 ms 11 ms 9 ms

8 vlan9.6509-1-msfc2.adatpark.hu (145.236.89.6) 12 ms 11 ms 10 ms

9 web1.hirekmedia.hu (195.228.75.30) 11 ms 10 ms 10 ms

(W2K) > route print

. . .

Active Routes:

Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric

0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 160.114.37.254 160.114.37.21 1

127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1

160.114.36.0 255.255.254.0 160.114.37.21 160.114.37.21 1

160.114.37.21 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1

160.114.255.255 255.255.255.255 160.114.37.21 160.114.37.21 1

169.254.0.0 255.255.0.0 169.254.218.201 169.254.218.201 1

169.254.218.201 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1

169.254.255.255 255.255.255.255 169.254.218.201 169.254.218.201 1

192.168.17.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.17.1 192.168.17.1 1

192.168.17.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1

192.168.17.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.17.1 192.168.17.1 1

224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 160.114.37.21 160.114.37.21 1

224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 169.254.218.201 169.254.218.201 1

224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 192.168.17.1 192.168.17.1 1

255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 169.254.218.201 169.254.218.201 1

Default Gateway: 160.114.37.254

. . .

(Debian) > /sbin/route

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

160.114.36.0 * 255.255.254.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

default swarp0.inf.u-sz 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

(W2K) > nslookup

> set qtype=ANY

> inf.u-szeged.hu

Server: rgai.inf.u-szeged.hu

Address: 160.114.37.205

inf.u-szeged.hu MX preference = 100, mail exchanger = orion.fwall.u-szeged.hu

inf.u-szeged.hu MX preference = 200, mail exchanger = eos.fwall.u-szeged.hu

inf.u-szeged.hu MX preference = 300, mail exchanger = amadea.inf.u-szeged.hu

u-szeged.hu nameserver = dns.cc.u-szeged.hu

u-szeged.hu nameserver = ns2.sztaki.hu

u-szeged.hu nameserver = dns1.szote.u-szeged.hu

u-szeged.hu nameserver = huni6.cc.u-szeged.hu

orion.fwall.u-szeged.hu internet address = 160.114.120.249

eos.fwall.u-szeged.hu internet address = 160.114.120.248

amadea.inf.u-szeged.hu internet address = 160.114.37.193

dns.cc.u-szeged.hu internet address = 160.114.8.21

ns2.sztaki.hu internet address = 193.225.86.1

dns1.szote.u-szeged.hu internet address = 160.114.103.224

huni6.cc.u-szeged.hu internet address = 160.114.8.16

(RH) > host amadea.inf.u-szeged.hu

amadea.inf.u-szeged.hu has address 160.114.37.193

(W2K) > arp -a

Interface: 160.114.37.21 on Interface 0x1000005

Internet Address Physical Address Type

160.114.37.193 00-60-b0-59-0d-7c dynamic

160.114.37.204 00-10-dc-23-7d-38 dynamic

160.114.37.206 00-10-dc-23-7d-1f dynamic

160.114.37.254 00-01-e7-97-c9-00 dynamic

(RH) > arp –a

nokiaa.inf.u-szeged.hu (160.114.37.74) at 00:40:07:02:01:A3 [ether] on eth1

oasis1.inf.u-szeged.hu (160.114.37.21) at 00:04:E2:1F:A6:EC [ether] on eth1

Fontosabb hálózati file-ok

• hosts,

• services,

• protocols,

• dhcpd.conf

• samba/smb.conf

(W2K) > Dir C:\WINNT\system32\drivers\etc

Volume in drive C has no label.

Volume Serial Number is 3031-B4D4

Directory of c:\WINNT\system32\drivers\etc

05/13/2002 05:58p <DIR> .

05/13/2002 05:58p <DIR> ..

10/17/2003 09:33p 2,410 hosts

07/26/2000 01:00p 3,683 lmhosts.sam

07/26/2000 01:00p 407 networks

07/26/2000 01:00p 799 protocol

07/26/2000 01:00p 7,116 services

5 File(s) 14,415 bytes

2 Dir(s) 1,025,839,104 bytes free

(RH) > ls \etc

. . .

(amadea) > cat hosts

. . .

127.0.0.1 localhost loopback

160.114.37.113 ihp01.inf.u-szeged.hu ihp01






. . .

(amadea) > cat services

. . .

daytime 13/udp #

qotd 17/tcp quote # Quote of the Day

chargen 19/tcp ttytst source # Character Generator

chargen 19/udp ttytst source #

ftp-data 20/tcp # File Transfer Protocol (Data)

ftp 21/tcp # File Transfer Protocol (Control)

ssh 22/tcp # Secure Shell Protocol (telnet)

ssh 22/udp # Secure Shell Protocol (telnet)

telnet 23/tcp # Virtual Terminal Protocol

smtp 25/tcp # Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

time 37/tcp timeserver # Time

time 37/udp timeserver #

rlp 39/udp resource # Resource Location Protocol

whois 43/tcp nicname # Who Is

domain 53/tcp nameserver # Domain Name Service

domain 53/udp nameserver #

bootps 67/udp # Bootstrap Protocol Server

. . .

(amadea) > cat protocols

. . .

ip 0 IP # internet protocol, pseudo protocol number

icmp 1 ICMP # internet control message protocol

igmp 2 IGMP # internet group management protocol

ggp 3 GGP # gateway-gateway protocol

tcp 6 TCP # transmission control protocol

egp 8 EGP # exterior gateway protocol

pup 12 PUP # PARC universal packet protocol

udp 17 UDP # user datagram protocol

hmp 20 HMP # host monitoring protocol

xns-idp 22 XNS-IDP # Xerox NS IDP

rdp 27 RDP # "reliable datagram" protocol

. . .

(Debian) > cat /etc/dhcpd.conf

. . .

# rtx5 - rgai

#host rtx5 {

# hardware ethernet 00:00:A7:12:76:71;

# fixed-address 160.114.37.20;

#}

# Felfoldi Laszlo (15) - rgai

host oasis1 {

hardware ethernet 00:04:E2:1F:A6:EC;

fixed-address 160.114.37.21;

}

# Toth Laszlo (20) - rgai

host oasis2 {

hardware ethernet 00:0C:6E:A4:FC:73;

fixed-address 160.114.37.22;

}

. . .

03.12. elõadás jegyzet (ppt)

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