03. Lund

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The 2012 Curaçao Conference on the future of Durable Energy WTC, Curacao, 29th March 2012

The Danish Wind Case and The Bornholm Experiment

Per Lund Chief Engineer Development Department Energinet.dk

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Agenda

• Introduction to Energinet.dk

• Operating the Danish Electricity System with 25% wind power

• Preparing for 50% wind power in 2020 and a fossil free energy system in 2050

• The Bornholm Experiment

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Energinet.dk

• National Transmission System Operator for electricity and gas in Denmark (TSO)

• Independent public enterprise under the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building

• Own Supervisory Board appointed by the Minister

• The finances of Energinet.dk must break even, i.e. a non-profit company

• Approx. 590 employees, Headqueaters in Erritsø - Jutland

• Owns and operates the Danish transmission systems for electricity and natural gas

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Core Tasks for Energinet.dk

• Ensure short- and long-term security of supply for electricity and gas

• Ensure well-functioning markets for electricity and gas

• Ensure well-functioning emergency preparedness of the energy sector

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Agenda

• Introduction to Energinet.dk

• Operating the Danish Electricity System with 25% wind power

• Preparing for 50% wind power in 2020 and a fossil free energy system in 2050

• The Bornholm Experiment

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The Danish electricity system – development and policy

EU 20-20-20 target – 30% renewables in DK:

• Power system may have to handle 50% wind power!

New Danish government – September 2011:

• 2020: 50% wind power in electricity system

• 2035: Fossil free electricity and heating systems

• 2050: Fossil free energy system From primary to local generation

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Wind power already exceeds hourly demand today!

% Wind power as percentage of consumption in Denmark West, 2010

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

jan-2010 feb-2010 apr-2010 jun-2010 jul-2010 sep-2010 okt-2010 dec-2010

Wind Energy coverage in DK West: 28%

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Wind power balanced in a flexible generation system

• Coal fired power plants:

• Required to operate down to 35% of rated power

• Some are capable to operate down to 10%

• Combined heat and power plants: • Hot water storage tanks decouple electricity and heat demand

• Electric boilers give flexible demand

• Wind farms: • Grid codes ensure capability to support system

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The four market places in Denmark:

Spot market (day-ahead)

Intraday market

Regulating power market

Reserves

The electricity market is all about balancing

Electricity- system Consumption

Production regulation

Non-regulating production

Import

Export

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Balancing and Grid Security

• Operational Planning System:

• providing information on imbalances in the coming hours on the basis of forecasts, up-dated generation plans, on-line measurements and DGM input

• Distributed Generation Management System (DGM):

• providing the basis for forecasting renewable generation and grid security calculations

Energinet.dk has developed two essential IT systems to manage the large amount of renewable generation:

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Operational Planning System

• Imbalance = Consumption - Wind Power - Local CHP - Primary Power Stations +/- Exchange

• Consumption, Wind Power and a minor share of Local CHP are based on regularly up-dated forecasts

• Primary Power Stations, most Local CHP and Exchange are scheduled by the market players and are continuously updated on-line

• The dispatcher buys and sells regulating power from the regulating power market to bring the imbalance close to zero

• Remaining minor imbalances are balanced by automatic reserves

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Distributed Generation Management System

Primary power stations Local CHP plants Wind turbines

• 6300 generators on 4600 plants

• 18 Balance Responsible Parties for Production (PBR)

• 4525 plants without individual schedules

• 75 plants with individual schedules

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Agenda

• Introduction to Energinet.dk

• Operating the Danish Electricity System with 25% wind power

• Preparing for 50% wind power in 2020 and a fossil free energy system in 2050

• The Bornholm Experiment

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Main challenges for the Danish electricity system

2010 2020

25%

50%

Wind energy in electricity system

2010 2020

Security of supply

2010 2020

Market function

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Energinet.dk’s strong prioritisation for 2020

50% ?

50% Wind

Smart Grid for efficient control and market based regulation of the power system

Production Means and solutions

Robust transmission grid, strong interconnectors and market integration

Flexibility in demand and production – integrating the heat and transportation sector

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Two examples of Smart Grid R&D projects in Denmark

• Cell Controller Pilot Project – Intelligent mobilization of Distributed Energy Resources

• EDISON - Large scale Electrical Vehicles project in Denmark

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Cell Controller Pilot Project world class Smart Grid RD&D

Cell Controller

Industry

Wind turbines

Local CHP units

Households

Households

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150 kV

∼

∼

∼

∼

60 kV 60 kV 60 kV

10 kV 10 kV 10 kV

60 kV 60 kV

60 kV

10 kV

10 kV 60 kV

10 kV

60 kV

Input Output

Cell Controller

Pilot Cell area Holsted 60 kV Net Installed CHP: 37 MW Installed wind power: 39 MW Peak load: 61 MW 150/60 kV Trans: 100 MVA

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Typical Danish wind turbines and CHP units

5 CHP units and 47 wind turbines are located in the Holsted pilot area

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Cell Controller development 2005-2011

Distributed intelligent control at each DER and substation Technical VPP performance respects market operation Active response and balancing of all actions within few sec. A Technical VPP solution is now ready for deployment

Agent

Level 4 DNO SCADA

Agent

Agent Agent

Agent

Agent

Agent

Agent

Agent

Agent Agent Agent

Agent

Agent Agent Level 0 (Units)

Level 1 (Assets)

Level 2 (60/10 kV Substations)

Level 3 (150/60 kV Substation)

Virtual Power Plant Complete report ready for download at www.energinet.dk

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EDISON – Large scale EV project in Denmark

Electric vehicles in a Distributed and Integrated market using Sustainable energy and Open Networks

Electric Vehicle

Power Exchange

Balance Responsible

Power Dealer

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Smart Grids aspect: Capacity for EV charging Case study in 0.4 kV feeder with 48 private houses in local grid at DSO NRGi-Net

Max. capacity in feeder

3 EV’s charging at the same time with 16 A 3-Phase in the Peak Hour at dinner time 18:00

65 EV’s might charge their daily consumption if distributed between 16:00 and 7:00

High value of Smart Grids for balancing the grid !

EVs are typical not at home in day hours

Amps

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Agenda

• Introduction to Energinet.dk

• Operating the Danish Electricity System with 25% wind power

• Preparing for 50% wind power in 2020 and a fossil free energy system in 2050

• The Bornholm Experiment

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Bornholm

DENMARK Energinet.dk (Initiator) Østkraft Center for Electric Technology, DTU Siemens IBM Landis+Gyr

BELGIUM ELIA EANDIS (+ORES)

GERMANY EnCT Siemens AG*

SPAIN Tecnalia

PORTUGAL EDPD

NORWAY SINTEF ER (Coordinator)

ESTONIA Tallinn University of Technology (TUT)

THE NETHERLANDS ECN TNO

AUSTRIA Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT)

SWITZERLAND IBM Zrl* Siemens, CH*

Bornholm – European Smart Grid lab

Real people – real grid – real solutions!

EcoGrid EU partners

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EcoGrid EU – not just another Smart Grid project

• EcoGrid EU – cutting edge RD&D project on the Danish island of Bornholm

• Testing a close to real-time market design – 5 min. market

• Ensuring costumer participation

• Ensuring balancing of power flow closer to and within the hour of operation

• Large scale demonstration in real grid with 2,000 real consumers

• Scalability for Europe and many different grid platforms

• Primary focus on the distribution grid and Renewable Energy Sources

• TSO interest is local balance – with much higher penetration of RES

• Alternative is to adopt imbalances in the transmission grid

• Economical benefit for everybody

• Socioeconomically benefit – when RES are being utilized at an optimum

• Using and rewarding consumer behavior for balancing the grid

• Avoiding grid investments

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EDISON and Cell Controller to Bornholm

Cell Controller

Industry

Wind turbines

Local CHP units

Households

Households

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Thank you for your attention!

Energy Consultancy A/S