01_Basic English Grammar Book 1.pdf

8/4/2019 01_Basic English Grammar Book 1.pdf

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1 : What i s , Grammar? The S i lM p l le P(]l$;t T e l n l s e 98R @ g u ~ O I r( ln d l lr r ,e g l ~ ll a lr V@ ibs 99W as 'and W ere ' 1 1 0 4T h e P ,o s t P i r o g r e s s iv e T e n s e 1 1 0 6J h @ F u t u r e T @ : n s ~ 1 1 0 8C O l i j and G ou ld 112May a nd M igh t ~13Oat Do es a nd Did 1 1 1 1 5WOlU l l l da n d Shou ld 1 1 2 0

2 " M r c : , "'-~I' I . . . . . w . . . . . . . .I-, ~111119"""",I,P'IJU.. 1o.'CI, '!C1i

Nouns 8Com lMon No u n s : 8 ,Prop ! r INouns 13 ,Singul !ar N,ouns21Pliu lra l lNourls 2,3,Col l l iec1t i~eI N l o l U n s 34,Moistul ine a n d ~em l ~ f " i neNlouns , 3 , 7

Subied-VerbAgreement 123

127~ronounsPersona I I P r onounsR e ' f le : x ! i v e P r o n o u n sI in f e i m : l g o i fi v e P r o n O U I n S ,D e : m O l i ls t ro l tW v e IPro l i i louns

,4 4474 8 ,49'

132

135

5 , Adied iv .e5A d je c b iv e E n d in g s ,lK~nds . o f ,Adi iediv,esC om p a riis o fl o f A d l i e c f w e s

525 4S865

138

Sentenc. 139

DetermineBT h e Art ic lesD e : m , o n s t r o t i l v e , :De fe rm~ne r sI Ir :J t @ r ro g o ~ i iv @ :D @ : .e r m l ~ li1 @ ir SP o s s e s s m v e Determ iners

7 ' 1 1717 3 ,74'7 S

W ha~ is ,a S e ln ~ en c e '? 1 3 9IK J i n d s o f S e li1 f~ r IIc@ s 1 40T t 1 e : I l lm p e i r r d i v e 1 4 1T ~ e Su lb iieC l, an d ~he Obied 143 ,D ir ec t a n d ~ n d i l r e c t Ob~@ds 1 4 4I P o s ; i ~ i v , e ,a n d Negi(d iv e Senh3 1 1C !E ! S ' 1 46Q u e m i ; o n s , 147

Verb s and Ten se s7 ! 9lh e S i m p l l e ' Presen t lanse 60A m ~ li s o l n d A r , @ 8 3lihe P l r l e s e n t Progr '9ssi lve Tense 89Hay ,e > C l n d Ha s 931 he P n ~ s en f'P e : r i e c t lense 9 6

I Pundu td i on 1 , 5 , 0l~SO1 : 5 11 1 o , 2lS21i$3

Pe r i o dCe r n r n eExdamaf i (m iPo i in tQ l J e S i t i o n , M a l r kA p o 5 1 i r o p h @


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r

Every nom s is cO llled '0 In o un ..,A s field and fountain, sfreetandi town.In p lo c e o f n o u n the pronoun s t o n d s ,A s he a n d she c a n dop t h e ~ rhands.T he adiediv8 describes a t h J n g ,A s mag ' l cw a n d o r bridol r ing",M o s t verbs m e a n c cn o n .. s ome t h t n g d o n e " (' \terb )"To read a n d 'write; to i ump ' a n d run. ~ ~

( P ,l 'io no lJn )

Howflh~ngsere done ,Jhe 'Q ldve rbs '~eU,. . . .,A s quickly, s / , Q w l Y l badly, w e l l . , I-I The I p repos f f i on s h ow s r e l o l f f i l i o n ,A s , in th e sffiree~ o r at th e stef ton.COln iuncf ion ls ioln,~nmo n yw a y s ,

S e n te n c e 's , wo rd s , o r ph r a s e and p h r a s e ,,The l in ' te l ject ion cr ies o u t , "Heedl ~~~, ~~A n exch ' l lmot l l on p o i n t mu s t

fo l l llO 'w m el"

-


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~.2i The Capitall Letter.~_ ~---------

The canital letter 0 8 1.......biig! letter ( ' . : : = & ' . ' uppercase letter 0 8 Q ~ T O ' : J n. . . .. c " ) 1 1 1t' I. '. '. ' fJ . , . . J - .1," ~.o)6a1co~ cap i i t a l l ~ o o 0 GQ


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c c _' r . ; : o q O O J G . ~ ' t:Q J - J ' ;CAP~TALS letter ~'~Q'It9 &') '~:~JI") ;m~II3 ' , ; '~~ olen ,05 I: !~?(P e 0 , 1 : ; : 9 1 o~ IIol"Q , \I

1 peter cn dl o re goodtr~ends.2 w'e a r ,e g lo ln g to c h i'o o go d u r in g o u r s um m erV C J I C O I U o n . ,

3 there is o n i n t ,e res t ing f 'o ,o 1 b o ,IU g O lm e , o n s u n d a y .4 i a so r t l l iV es o n ~homsona v e n u e .S iO lnuary is th e firs t m o n t h of the )f ,eer.

' 8 C Q O O J q a , , : 0 J ~ ' :'G ~ ~ ~ , ,;tt~B ,,0 1 ~ ~ o T ::.0 r : 6 ( . : 7 J , d ' . : : . Q o S ) d i ~ , , ~ ; ~ 0 & ~JI');dQl) ~ ~ Q~,:):~I 9 . J , ' ( 1 ; ) f ,~~;S\)?a5:o c & ~ " e ;= 05~JI? toa , ~,gq;:'G:O:~'U11111

-~IF"""""'~ ~____,.... .......... . .. .. ._ . .. - il ~_ . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..==="~~,h o p k in s h o t 's : 1 1 I I l i n c o , l n s c h o o l l

11 o rc h 'O lirdtre e t n ew to n r , o o d

shea slad~umI- _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i I i l ' - ~ ~ ~ '

'~========~~,~~~~~==~I ~ ~ _ _ _ _ , . . . . ~ ~ ~ ~ - l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . . . . . . . . .,


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~~ ,3 , ~ INouns-Common Nouns

ernst.,.......""..- "o

Word Fileodora u n tbob'. .~ybek a rc o o kden t i s td o c t o rg i o n t

l awyeriudg,elmann u r s ep o : l l i c e ofliters J i 1 n g e rso ld l~ert9 io l che r

c l own C D o ic rooo i to s f r o n o o t

Astro 1 i i 1 8 utoo,~ ~ 'St~,r l i> 0 0 8 00'): c q : 00 ~spaceman (~.) spacewoman @ ~ O O ~ I . .


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bird

b e a r

zeb r a

Word Fn e

dl - - . . . . .ee r

cot(XJWdogdo~ph~nd u c k~ish'9 1 0 0 1 1 '

goo , seh e nh o r s em o u s eparrotsha r kwhol le


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Ub ra rys h o p

pork

Word F ; ' ( eo ~ rp o r1 ro o rke t'C :C Jlve m lo uln l~ ajnchurch pl lo lyglround'farm restauranth m schoolhosp, i l~a l s e o s h o r eh o ~ ,e l s m ad iu mh o u s e supermcl ! r l lke1i s , l a n d f r emp l e ,m l a l ~ 1 1 1 Z . O I O


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basket

drum

II ' I I

b e d

cake

Wotd F ' i \ eG Q '9 ? O ~ . ~ ~ o : ; ~oo",=~ rQ~':l':-b og k ihabox ladderbread lampcon pkturechair radiocot t e i l l e v i s i i o nc u I P ' 1 i r c d nd e s k 1 ~ r iU c kdoor wotcheg!g w~ndow


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Exer,cise 1!S m~l l 050 1 1I)!,) Q B ',)!6 :: Q d':)!::al com m o n no UIn S ~ Q J e ::00":)':g:o ::o 1 u

1 T he llre ;'sa I li i iH le b ~ r d in the g O l r d e n .: 2 ! W h o isvour teocher?,3 D,on ' t eat tho l t ronan o p p l e ,4 Kate has a I io l v e l ly d o ll l! : .S I n lke !re :a d in g s to ne s ,6 ,Myfather i i : s o doc to r .7 E v e r y c t h U dhas 0 1 d i c ~ i o n a r v .8 Rudy h a fr ,e s b o n e nos.9 The phone! is I r i n g l i n g . ,

l lO Hle re~sa book for y o u . ,Exerci,se 2

~ ~ = = = = = = - = = = = = = = = = = = = = - - - ~ - - - - ~ = = = = ~ ~ ~ ~ ~s w i i l m : m ' e r sna i l f i r e , e n g i n e c : I ! ( J i w n f r lI le ,Hers f h a l g l n v e r b e rb e rmountal~n fox hote~ perrot~ ~ = = g . l l ' = a : : ! : n i i i n Y i i : ==~_==.=t~ lax~. .~~~~g~a--::lld=:le=n=e=r= = = = = c : : : : : a m : : I : ' ' = e = 1 1 : : : : : : . . . : = : 1

People Animals hings


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~arpay

word File

A ~ ~B,a be rHo r e n c e Ni lg ih t~nga leD e r e : k J e t , e fP . C l l u U n eJ o h n n y ID e p pP C l t r [ c l kHOlrlPI P o t t e rPinQc:ch !~oR o b i n H lo o d

l isa

C d o,c '''''a ', ..$ ! ~ . 8 ( " C 'ee e II ~ 00 '{ f')~ I~ ~I. ~'. '.~ ' o t c o o ' ~ j'c =:'t')'~i~ ~~'):oo , ' ) : , r o~OO'I~ 00 ~ = prope r n o u n sG I~ , ): ii ' ~ . loo ~ I K~mee" ~ -


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~arpay

,A ,mer ico ln

J a p a n e s eCountrYAme~r i , caE - , ' - 1~gyplI n d i aI t o ! l ! yJ a p a n

IEgypt ian

PeopleAme' r~c :cn lsEgyp* lanslndions

CountryKo r eaM a l lc r , s l il o, ' . , . - V - , .P 1 0 l i k i s t o i n

I tana n Thol

Fil l ipino l P o l k i s t o l n i

I t ' a i l l i l ons . f r f JnCB 'the, Japanese Thailand_a

Peop , l eI ~ o r l e o n sMalaySIans .Pak i s t an i s ,the French'Thais


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H o n g l K o ng lE g y p t

. . ' . . .

the S tatu e of U b e r 1 y

T o k v oBongiko lkL o n d o nNiew Y o r kP ,a r ~ sBeii[ l ing

N ,ew lDellh iDenv'erC,en t r a l l Pa rkthe E~ffel l~owerE U g lBen

the Gr 'o tnd Canon, , ' ' , ' , ' , ' " - v 'the' I L e ' C l l n i n g l loweu r of PisoB ro o k~ yn B ri,Pikels Pea l k

Sydney


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~arpaJ

\.

DaysS u n d a yM , o n d a l YT ue s d a yW 'e d n e s d a l Y 'Thu r s d a yI F i r i d a yS a t u r d o l Y

"',Ma r c h2

I Octobe r !

MonthsJ O l n u a r yFeb rua r yM , a r - c hAp r i lMayJuneJ u i l l yA u g u s tSeptember' O c . t o l b e rI N o v embe rI D e c 9 1 m b e r

January is th e firs t m o n th o f th e y e o l r .Sunday is thef i rs t d O I Y ' , o f t h ! e , week .A to b le th a fr shows the mo r n h s .week -dC l IYS


14/51

'SOJ',) 8 i 0& , ru ,o S ~ I~i;~0 tQ J ' ; ) : : d I t')Q E 2 ' ~ J ' ) =. ::0 ~proper nouns ~J?;,iroi~'u

Lake ,M i ch~ i ganthe ,A lpsthe D!e(td S eaM ou n t Fu ii

the , H~m l tdCJyasth e Pa c i n l c o c eonfhe~e' l l l low I R i v e : r

I f o r ,e x ,Q 1 m IP ie : M ou n t E ve res tMou nt S f. 'H,e len sNI,o 'unt 0',)'00': clm cJj G ioo~05 ' B ' M t~ 0 0 G i 'Q I : C 0 1 0 i. . . ~ : ..~ II~ L ~, L"1i, c:;F o r , e ~ C l l m p l e : M W . I E v , e r ' 8 S 1 ' ",Mt F U I ~ i


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Ha l l ~oweenWord Fite.",.(> C",[' .... ,e2 ~u'O,')~J?:::IOiI''J~OCHJ~O~J[? ;q . t?~~~J?:Chlr is tm'Qs ,Mo f he r ~ sDayM!emo r i a l :D'oy A p rillFoo ll'!s Daytobor ID l o r y Thanksgl iv in,g DayIn d ep en den ce Day' S t. P a * r i,c k 's D a V


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Exercise '1> 0 00'') , r E , , f i , ; 08 [ 9 ,01I~ ' f 6 ; I ' .> ( ;: ,~JI ' ) :e l l , p , r o p ile ! n o Un S 9J-); ~~ & ~ = 00,:):: G ! _ ) : O ' .

1 1 July ls o ,le n tihe ho tts st m on th in s u m m e r2 O ne d a y A i l l i B i o b o l s awW he fo rty th ie v es h td i ng in 0

c a v e .3 S h o !wn and Ash~e ' y o re g O l i r n g l to th e b e a c h fo r 0 1 s W l i l m .4 Mr. lee isn ~ o , d i n ga book": 5 ' ~ I I I, a l , m lyou r f o i r v ' g lodm,other , " s o l d t h a o ld w o r n o n t oCinder ,e~ l l a .6 U lnde M like ! is 0 IClwyer"1 Nex,tTuesdoyJs o p ub lic ho lU da v.8 M : o J n y ch i l d r en en i oy ' ed t he mo , v ~ e U o n K ' i ' n g l .

Exerci,se 2

U s aJanua ryd o c t o rb a n kbeechm o n t h

Pr ,es~denfH lo te~Wh i t e S en d B eec h[ ) :r ' ,W flngUn~ .e d IB ,a n khoie~,gid

, o u n s


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Exercise 3Nlo l ! l ln 'O'Ji~'.j1W~m m a$ ' c x H S O O . . .8 comlmon n o u n s w , o o . c : o S C I!. 'l." 0 0' oproper nouns s o D 6 0 5 IP~ !30=C00~'SOO,) Il")'):Oj~ :'Q~~~~,!.lG~o11

lithe Wh i t e House2 th e 'gJeen d re s s345> 67 8'91 0

th e fa III b uild in gthe Em , p l t ' r e S ta te B ,u i l l l d h l g'th e Ye~ llow 'R ;~ v e rth e m,'uddy r i ve rth e ,go v ern o rG o v ern o r P a rke rt h e O r e ' Q l o n T r : a Ut h e w i n d i ' l n g t r o l i l l

Exercise 41 R d b e ,r1 lb ,u ts S tevensonwr ,o fe , tre as u re is la n d "'2 The Ca p ' i t o l l l of illinois ls : Sp r ~ng f~e~d I . ,3 ,My F r i e n d s o n d I p r . e f e r G U H e r g u m s t o o 1 h p o ls , t e .. 4 T h e i i t 1 f " Q lm i i ' l l lyl i i s t t e d Y d l , o w s t o n e n a t i i lo n a ll P ' o l r k . .,5 J U C 1 1 n and merle o f t ,and k 'e n n e d y ' . M . id d l~ eschool,6 W e ha d ' C l ISurpr i . se IPar ty fo r ' C l l u n t He len ,7 Spr~ngand f , a l l l ~ a r e m y f o v O i r l i t e , S e a s o n s .,8 T he M o n o l g e r s c o l d e d h ~ 8 l a z yI E l m l P l o y e e s . ,

~arpay


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Singular Nouns~arpay

No U illS co i~ sin I IIuIa,r ( 0 0 t ~;:=) ( c 4 . . ) r p I lU Ira i l (arH~J'):=) [!~. d O l ~ I D i .OJ l;GOO') r6 i00 ~ i..?~00iHD?8 I G : ; 1 ; . a , 00 ,i,;~-1 1 1 ' , ) l o 3 . ) .. . ; ' - 1 1 ' ; 1 ,0 Otll..00'j;~li G : r :; ; .. :'- :15 : ~ :0'e (!00"; G~..?ll,~' 'r ' 1 " " 'T ' iU \ ~ I!I.' Ii Cbl ~ ~ I~ l : : Io OO?'CD f I n 5 1 n '9 u I I , a r no U I1rD ~ :I~iCl~ A, 0O O '? ' . d 5 e c o - 5 1 ] 9 . 0 1 '()ID":o.tU:.l~'J': 0 :> ~siin'glillar noun G:J'):~iloo~111

a sh ip

Word Fileen ai rp , l ane0 1 b i i c : y ( : I , e iCl :boy( 1 1 b u socomb0 1 girl l0 1 k e ' vs

' m l l' e t t e ro m op( J I p h o ~ o g 1 r u p h' O f re~ r igenJ I *o r, a r s l i d e '

' .o l sw l l ngeven


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s i n A . . . .ular nouns Q I I I ' ) ' : , a GQ G,:) a 1 ( " 0 3 ) . an ~,ro::r;~l~~m..1~ ~ , '" ' 'J. '. ,J f '! L L [j" !E::.vowe,ls , ( s "e : , i ! : ,o ,u ) ~() I !9l ' f )m'J::cq:=~JI ' ) :~.~; ; . , .~?an ~~~ = 1 1 9 lOO ' iE I ,1 2 0"9'') -

C l l n l a,xea n i e g g,a n i e n v e l l lO p ,e ,an l ic e c r e o rn

e n ~ ,g ll l , o oa n i o ro ,n g lean umb r e l l oan u n d e

a l unIvers i ty c ,o ,n s o n an ts { t 1 ~ I ~ ' : = ) ~ . ~e i t l T i Q . ) e 9 o o ~ , : ) : = o o ' ~ 6f'JfHD''l:'~ :'QJ");~~9 ' i ( ) I tOJ' i e I D O O ' J : 0 4 _ H~~i'):~,.f;;;!~,~8a) r q 9 ) c q : : l 9 t O O , ~ : I .I e Q'J' =

01 b o s l k ; e , ta b ow la cor~ I l " e l l1 1 1 1 .Q house

a l r a i n b ow 'emonstera l p illowa l wot ch(JIZOO

: : q . 6 ( j r ~ co0~l.fn'J:cq :'~u:J,~oo~ 2,t.Hl9'oool ac4o $ ; f ' )01.cons,onants ( o J ~ : ) (h), ~ , q o o @ B I G O ' ~ O O r B : (8' c ; ~ a ; ~ : Q l l S i l OO[an] ~ ro'Jl~ ~ : l r s H O O ~ U I e(H~01-a l n l he' i r

G l n l honorGin hour


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~arpay

"'l

('0' I 00 2 ; !D... 'J t'~~I'),= (" 3 ) . . . . . 8':iI , Q , P 0 m . . l G l J .'):00 r n .C ' JE li ( . . c 8 ) . " J . I ' 9 oo,~ 1 1 Q.'IJ i : : . G0)'') m i l s r . : : : : . 1 " ) 6 : ~Iu.. -l~ I ' i o I . . I~,'1I, -~ II c. : . . c L _ I~,.' '_ L I~, II ~ L: o ,&~oo"=G@!?Go=r :>00 i ; , 1 plural nouns ~ S i : q : I ~ l O J ' t 2 m ; , o o ' 4 l ~ noun ~J?:~p~Ufa II Inaun G ' r _ s , , ) , (S : Q j i s ' c q J & neu n ' ' 1 t . , ' ; H - 1 5 f i t : ' ! i ' J ' 1 ( 5 ' ) ( ! lo 1 1 & u a 0 : , \ 0 0 e I

Word, FiteS i ng u l a rb i rdb r o omc o r n e ld e s kd l o Ue , g i gf tow'erfodeg lo :meI ( J I m bn e s tp enphotosh l r ts p o o n

bat

s ta r s

m u g lP~ura~b i r d sb r o o m s( : c m l e l l s ,desksdo l l seg'gls~Iowersfo rks' Q I ( 1 l l m e , Sl o r n b sn e s t S ,p e n sp h o t o sshIrtss p o o n s

6!?c a pc a p s

bai ts

to n


21/51

'~ ]' g la s sb u s

b u s e sWord rneS i n g u l a rb e , o ! c hb r a n c hb O J Kb u s hc h u r c hd i s hdresssendwkhwlit (h

. ~ - w O It c h e sI

f oxes

~arpay

/b r u s hb r u she s

P l u r a lb e a c h e sb r a n c h e sb o x e sb u s h e sc h u r c h e sd i shesd r ,essessandw i c he swi t ches

c o a J l . singl,a.r nouns ' ~ J o : : c 1 ' Q t ' J i a 5 ~ :,00....8 eh s h"S ,s,s (...3 '~IXii 6, m,aS . ::::a,o; e-o .. . ~ c'.JJ '.' L JO ~ ~ " ( : S 'GO 'd:oo~:'cqJ8 plu ral nouns '_55_=11r . ~ ' ! D;:::0 a'l,1 - I1]:--- ~ - I x


22/51

buHer f l~ .es I;

Word Fi\eSingu~arb a b ycihel":p) , 'd i a r yd i c t ~ ( ) i n a l r Y 'f ( 1 1 I i l : r yf ( l l l mU yf~~tl a dyl i b ra rvp u p p y, s t ' o r y 'strowbarrv-- - - - - -- _ . ry

canary

P~uralbab i :esche'r lr iesd ia r iesd i d : ~ona : r i e sfa i idesf O l lm i l l i e sf l U e slad ies ,l i l b r o l ' 1 i e s_ _ _t _ _pU pP i e s, s t a d e s ,s1tawberr ie,s

1 '~ l i .s

c :andy

y St' ' l . ' ),~e ii G~ lfJe: ~ : -e's,e 'c i'e ;= 'G O ~ ~ 8 ;M


23/51

key

t r ay Word F U eS i ngu l a rc h l l m n e vI cowboyd a yd o n k e yje 'fseyk i dneym , o n l k e , yto yt r o i l l t e yv a l i l l e v

t r ays

' ~u r l key

tur ikevs

P lu r cd' c n i l , m n e y s ,cowboy,sday sdonkey:si , e r s Q ' Y $k , i d 1 h e y sm()nk.eystoystrolle,~svC l l l l l l l e v s


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, S i ngu l a rcO l~ fe lfho l tI , e a f

SingularI ba fs h e , l fthief' w a l l f

PluralI , oavesshe~vesf r h~eveswo~ve s

c l o i l i v e se l i v e sha l ves ,I l e , a i v e s

v

00if.. l . no lU Ins : l' . f ) 1 6.....0 0 0 ' :Qc n 8 c o < ? : .II" , 1 . : : 1 . , '1 . t : : :~-s) ' G u 1 , a : m a ~ J ! , q p~ural,G I I 9 ~ 8 ~ = o o ~IieO'~I? I, I

S ingu lar Plu ral S ingu lar Plu ralthe:f ,chefs handke r ch I e f handk , jefschJe f c'~defs ro o f ro o fsc lUff cliffssherllH sheriffs

~ ~ j l . . ' ( ) ' ~ 0 4 :~j~:.~~ (,..f) E i ' ~.~ .=e~ '~ ooE : plural oo'~:t~;=:oo'~:(J)~~l:B~,Il" Q C0000 1i"~OOOO~ I 8:0Q') I ~ W I

Singulardwa r fhoofs c o r f

Pluraldwa r f s 'o r dw a rv e sho ofs o r ho ovess c a r f s o r S C C lJ r V e s

f

SingularknifeI I f r f s lwife

Pluralknives,l i v e sw i i i Y e ' S

o1 i~o~ . : : 0 6 ' g I i raffe' >ooo~=:~:olGo) ,? pllUlral :~,~'l'( 5 1 ) G o q ,g:co~ ,~ 1 1 r o I,


25/51

'0 r h i no

I- r [ .(J ko ngo l roo , k a n g a r o o s

r h i n osWord File

P l u l r o rh i p p o sv i d eosz o o s

Singular,0 1 h i p p o,0 \ f '~deoo zoo

e n G OQOO " '~ .':: I ' 0'1 ~ .i ' 8 00'00: cocfj 0:00':) nQ I L l InIm ~.'.l dj' I 'e8'1 G :018 :00,.....: . . I _ : 1 ' : . . . . , 8II ~: \, ,'t! II IL , " d I!III L ' , " ~I c r c r IIIP IU r a . I I G ! lS l 'J J6 : - ;OJ ~ leo ' G : i I ' J I I

o l f l laml ingo "~ .. ' _ - .fkJlm"~ng'oes

Word F;'!eS i ngu l a rctornoloa poknoa he ro ,

Plura l lt o m t C . 1 l f o e spo t o t oe sb e r o e s

S i ' ngu l a r PlumlImongoe 'smosqu i t o e sze roesbuf la i l ioes

(I m lo n glo(1 1 mo ' s quUoozero( : I I bu f f a l o

Pluralmangosmcsqenosze rosbuHa l l os


26/51

m o u s e

g o o s e

W o r d l Fite,Sing lu la rchil ldm anoxtoothwoman

P~u r a lc h U d i r e nm eno X . e nteethw ome n foo t ' feet

.~ m a ,u s ,e . , 4 1 1 pIl u rail O).~ ~ t O J I O O ? I!q 'm ~ . = @ llQ E ~ ! c q j ,g rnlee (~J m'o,uses ,' c q ~oo~: 00'c4 ,~ '~ lo o~ I=


27/51

~arpay

r e~nd l ee r

f ish

Word F U l eS in gu lo r P l u r a ~bison bisondeer deer


28/51

. l o . - I , e 5-Qg- -

W ord FU e .pantspolornosshortst r o u se r ssordols

sdssorss neoke r ssU p pe r ss t o ck i ngs .I leans

spectae les ~ ' o g , 0 5 ' o o l[ j? ; !im ? :; ~ = ~ ~ E 2g~ass"es 1 6 i ' i O:>~ill

-spectodes

I(apalr of) ~ OOIcq= ! 1 9 l i B ' , a : : i ! q : noun 9J?:;~ sin'glldar' ' ; l plu ra 1 9 I ~ ' = ;6 '00 ~ I Ie o a < 'J m l IWa p a ir o f Ib in oc u llo lrs

Q p a ir o f s p ec to d esa p a ir o f g o gg lle sa p a ir o f Ijea n sa p a ir o f s h o r tsa polr of p i h 3 1 r s


29/51

~arpayExercise 1

wo r dpenc~~sb o o k sf a i nhatchUd renk~~espeoplec r a bf o x e s

SingularII

Exercise 2

Plural

]

G~~oS0'~~ ~'o11singlulalr nouns ~ Ji') :~ ( ..s) ( : : t l J ( . .as) G~o116:"D,~91I P ' I U Ir ,a II ' G i ' l i S r ) 'd:: 0 1 IH I

Singular Plural6 b a s k e t7 peach8, belt

Plural1 desk2 , c l l , o l 5 $3 c om b

' I ' f,[]xi1 1 0 . b o xbus


30/51

'GOO 1o ' c & G < J 1 : r J g c i 1 'siingu~ar nouns, t ; l J ' JIH-4 . C - y ) G''l':H~':J ,(.., ie ,s )( : : q ; ) (-8) O O ? 0 3 ! J a 1 ~ , o 1 8 : ' o o e ~ ~ G I ! , ' p l U ' r t d GI 9 I ? a : d 1 I i

Singular, ' P 1 u r a l Plural1 k ey2 , c i t y 7 baby

, 8 , pany4 Imonkey 9 ' chimney

10 1 i I 0 0 d VExercise 4,'Gm, 'J"cP G(J~ r B o ; s iingII~ar noU I i i IS, ~d'):~ (" '0) ~f'l:'J'~':J ( '' ' ' $ ) ' ( ~ , J I ( . . e,s, )1 ~ , o 1 6 : : : 0 0 ~ S ! ' E Q G I i ~ f p IUIra I I G j 9 , . , . g : ' ~ o , : : o 1 1 1 1

Singular0 , n J d i o

2 piano 7 hiippo

9 ' ze ro1 _O _ . . -ho foP . ---


31/51

~aryay

~ (] c re wWord FileHere e m : ! s om e m o re ' ~ H o U l P so f p e o p le .a n ,Q u d i, e n c e- b o n d, n__a c h o ~ l ra do ss

0 g , onga g ro upo ts o m

M y ~ c l m l U y was , h a p p y to s e e m e ,o rM y f a l m l ' U Y 'were ha plP Y to , see r n e ,

s1IG;o~ooE:Goo,)05 r a ( l l 3 1 ~ t ~ 1Colllle,ctive nouns eJI'),:olIplUlra~verlb B 'q 00,)'


32/51

~arpay. . .

C Q 0 8 ' ~a s I 00 ~ 'Il''J .:~ I(.':~,),~ ~? 0 CO,~c15:dl ~L' t fHD,'J: 0 5 ,:C;H5: ~ oorfj : 0 0 < ~ , : f"lll G:Oil").. LOll " ; 0 " ' " !.~", W~. ". _ _ L!,I 0 I~ thCoUiectliv,@ nouns ~~I'):

a b ro o d o f c h ic ken s

.ii!' _a lb a n d o f rnusklens ~,Word FUe a scheel of fishI '~") 'C o U e ,c , t, iv e n o u n sSi~d'l~(!~,0 E . ,a b u n c h o f I k e ' y sQ c lo ss o f p upU sa col lecti 'o:n ,o f 'booksa deck . o f c a r d sa tleet , o f : s h l i p sa f lock, cdsheepa ga ~gglle ,o f g e , 9 ' s e 'a g a n g of r o b b e r s a team of p l aye r sa l1 erd o f (c[Hlea I!ifte r oi C l u b sa p o d o f wha l e sa p a:c k ,o f wo ,lv esa p lr id e o f n o n s a flight o f s tep s I~"_'_-""r"""a , s e t o f s to m p s, 1a swarm o f : b e e sa 1 to u p e o f c c to rs


33/51

~arpaJIExercise

0 1 " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o f g ,e es e'0 1 =~~~= o f s hee p1 0 1 o f c oH lee ll o f h o rs e s

O n e , d a y a o f c ,o yo te s tr ie d to a t t a ck hils an i lma l l s "F e rm e r Jo hn y , e U e d a n d wa v e d 0 1 p i t ch fo rk to 'fr ig h te n th emaWfJlY '


34/51

b r i d e

1 1 . , " l ing q u e e n

h e n

nonHoness

Word Fil leMas c u l i n eb o yr n o np r m c estewardwai i ter

Fem i n i ne'9 lirlwom e np r i n c e s sstew'Cl l rdesswai t ress ,


35/51

~a .rpaJ

Mascu l i n e , Fem i i n i neodor

b r o t h e rem p e r o rfa ther

g l e n l t l e , m O l ng l rand fcdhe rg i r a nd so nhec dmos t e rm enmas t e r

n e ' p h e " wp r i n ces o n

s tewardunclew : ~ z . a l r d

oc t resss ls te r

emp r e s smo t h e rl a dy' Q : r a n d l m , o t h e r

g l r o l n d l d a u g h * e rheodrn l s l resswom(Jn

m l~ s ' r e s sni 'ecepr~ncessdO I U . ' : h t , e , r.. g.s t ewa rdes sa u n twi tch

Ma s ,c U I:1~n e n o u HIS O:"i~ .a1'u~8 i 8 ! '~O O ! E IIF e lm iin lin e ' n ,o u n s o o ~ O) ,yQ ! ,g 1~~oo~ l r n


36/51

An . ima lch i cken,caH~edee rd o n k e- - - , - yduckfo xgoose ,ho r sel i i l onsheept i g l , e r

r o o s t e rbunbuck~ a c l k .

d l r a l k efo xQ(] lnders t a l l _I~onramf i g l , e r

he n, cowd o e~ e n n yduck :v i x e ' ng o o s em o r el i onesse'wet i g ress

ooa : l r l [. (-e s s ) .~d~(-'In~SS')I~,;.GOO,) n o u n s oo~ m Q , O & 8Iii0)E II B: (H~" .~ Ia c t r e s sl l i i i o n e s sp r i n c e s s

s t ewo r de s st i g~ ress .w 'o i t ress


37/51

doctors

ho i r d r e s s c r s

' . t ts o e rm s r sWord F i " , e( ~ ~ : ) ~ 'q ( B ~ U ; ~ )' ~ t c q :00 ~ = 1 1 9 1 6 m'J noy I I I 5 1 , GI~'): ~

( 1 1 ( ' : o u n f ' a n 1 s parentsornsrs Imanag , e r sd e s ~ , g n e r s l P u p l i l l l Sengineersl o w y e l f s

s i n g l e r steochers


38/51

bench

I Ie a v e s

f i r e

Word F U e; "f~ neuter nouns S!j~lll . -b o : 1 1 1 1 1buildingb r o omI c ! c d c ecomputercardf l oo r

f o r e s tg 'V lmna~s i~umI P ~ a y g r o u n drocks l k ys o c k swind


39/51

~arpayExercise 1~t r o , G o o ' ) Mas,cuUne (-wdh) c q . f,em~niine( O O Q )nouns QJI') :~ 'q D i , r & , a ) o a : ~ , o 1 I w

1 mostsr2 I U n c i l l e3 ,45tige'r67 hus nd8 son9

1 0 0Exerc,ise 2

Masculine

ni '9cen o n e s $ .

mothe , rmodern

T he ho s t a n d 'th e weh:O Im ed th e Ir g u e s ts .2 , Thes te 'wa rd a nd the ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . l o ok of i ,er the

passenge l rs on the pkme,3 , M y u nc lle en d . I l i i i ved in Neb m s ko ,.,4 T he ' k in g an d ~ l he hod tw'o chddreno boyondo .T he ' p r in ce wa s al ight ' 'Cl lnd the,wC1s fiv e ..;...._-----

1

5 Lad i!e 's a n d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , weko m e to o u r P (Jr lV th~seveni i lngl.


40/51

~arpay

Exercise 3

chi l idrenbov_ ym lo t he rlornpr am i

su ns o nquee~doctorr o o s t e r

w i i h : : hf O l t t l e r~il ledancere lf

kinglgIr lt e o c he rwizardflsh

ascu line Feminine C ,ommon Gender


41/51

Pro,nouns ~ E ~ ' o o 0 : n 1 : : o o i 6 c q ; I S ~ o o E , ~


42/51

mia," you, h l m , her, it" us, them o l . : : : . t ' ) ~ o o e : personal IP 'fonO'lU1SQ J ' ' ) = I , g o o , ~ " " 9~:=pro,nouns Q J ~ = ~ '(lI'lG'Jd = ~ . verb '. obji~ct ~ c q , .00 05 ~r;~...1 00m.e.I~ a~--~

I 'C lmi s m a n d ! i n g l on m y haod. look et me.M y ' m :o th :e r ~ skmd . E V ' 9 1 r y b o d y l l ike,s h e r . "Usal I to ld you to tid y yo u r b e d I! IS h o lro n Q ln d Je nin ,y~ Da d is wa itin g fo r you~Lu c ky a ln d I o re p la yin g ~ nthe p a rk , Do d i swa1 'ch ing u s ,You mus , t no t p llay with ' the knife. G IV l8it to me.:P ii lcku p your toys end p u t them a w a y _

B a b y b ird s c an no t ' ~ I : Y .Mother b ird h o s to t eed them. T o : m l ~ '~kesr id ing m y bicyc~e.I so rn efm e s Ille n dit to him.

0'J!Q::?' ($ :~ . , 0,bje,ct O),~ O i ~~'loS I 00~g?t I !ill:,' '1\"'6 3;3)( ~ . ) ~ ! t t ' ) o , 'B ! 'ol .IB'~',~",~d : c q . : o o e v ,e r 'b , q .0005: 'G9~r i J I ~ 8:~, G~~ 1 9 I B 6= e q O~~ 9 'C O ~ I


43/51

~arpay

plronoun~~6 '{t);: 4 " : X > ~ Ifirst p~er's,on~second Il'e,r:s'on ,q third p ,e ,r !s ,o n ~ .l ! i 'OD~1

I I 'O i ' ) a q : , 0 1 ' Z D 1 8 ':>~~ = : E O @ i = ~ ~ 6'l=o1'oo~ IprO'f10UlH (he) c 4 ( o o J I ' : I ': ) ! D ~ o S C D c 4 : : , l S t o o E i ' up rolilou n (:s he', ~ (Q:)~~'~ ~ ' o t = f . 9 I ~ r o t lp, r ,o ' l i l0u n ( it) ,rJjoo til'JO . 0 , ) 1 1 1 I, 8 . 0 0 ~ I. ~'Jf ~oo05oo 00":~. ' .' , I I I co ~ I- . L'wl J. .,~ 'f Q , , 1 1 : : ( [ c

Subied Object. f i l rsl !pelSonl s ' l n g u l a r: S e c o n d p e r s o in . s i n g u . , a r 'T h i r d p e rs o n s i l n g u l l a l r

,~ , 'E i'O O ~ 1 ( ; )e / .. e~'Ctl~i'Jc; '~'G: you

00 hemeyouhimheri~

00' ' 1 C l i ' s h eI I . , , . , . . 'c q m~') itOOlllg;oo8j. , C 1 : i I ' o B w - . e~~~ T' , I~I!!I -- u s

yout h e~m


44/51

~arpaJReflexive Pronouns

I t mlodeth i~s c a k e l m y s e l f , . ,B ' e ' carefulw~~hhe , kni rn .You"U cu t vou rse l f . ,M i c h a e l is [Io lo k ~ n g o f' h imse t f ~ n' the mii l rror.S u s a n ha s h U l r t herse: l f .OUf ,c a t wa s h es 'its e lf c ite " e o c h mec l .W e ,o rg an ize d th e p a r t y 0 1 1 1b y o u r s e J ve s .Co r n i e in , c h ii'ld lr en , a n d fln d yo u rs e lv e s a s e a t.Ba l b y b l i rdsare 1 00 y 'oungl t o , l o ok o l f t e r ' t h emse l v e s .

F i r s t ' pe r sonSecond perso nlhilrd l p e r s on l

S i ng u l a r1 ( 1 " l m , e ) l m y s e l l fl [you]I 'vours leUI [ h e , h ~ l m 1 h imse , ~ f' ( s h e , h e i r ) he r s e ~ fI [ i f .~ ~tsell i f

P l u r a lI [ w e , u s : ) ou rse l ves .( you ) yours1e lves' [ 1 i h e y , th e lm ) th e lm seh"e s, ( 1 h e y tthe lm ) the lm se lv ,8s( they, ' the lm) thelmset 'Ves


45/51

~arpay

Who~,WhOim,Whose,~! Wh at 6 i c Wh ieh l'iOO,:)H: Go.I,): 'og Inte,r:ronlat;iv!e. . . . .". l! ..a I" :;,P'lronouns, 0 1 : GsiO J~ I, pronouns ~~I?:~ GQ=gt::~Q:'l'a ; o t 1 0 8 ~ ~ : I B i ~ e 3 : 1

W ho I s hetal l ,k ing f ' o ? 'W ho c l r ,e those people? W hom a re yo u p lO ly~ ng lw i l f r h ?Wh om ls he to~kl:ng' to?

W'hichW h ic h o f , th e s e bag l s ~ syou r s?W h ic h d o yo u p re fe r?

W h o s eW h o s e is ,this umibre i l la?W h ose a re1 hese !g~ 'oves?

Wh l a tW h a t Is yo u r dog ' s n o m e ?W h a t o re yo u ta~k~ngabout?What is the t i lme?

W h o c o Q J ! , : . c . ' , V &rb ,~.0 ib1&ctro , 0 3 ' .6) 0 0 ; 1 t :'; ' I ' l0 m " . ' , ~ 'E DI r . ; ~8~ ll~ ' ! i " ' ! ! I L ~ ~ ~subj,ect ~,~tt.O)~;:'~,:;~~.Whomi oo ' i ~~ 0bject o q c8. 00'') C(U ,8 ~ ' ro :::~'I 00 ....~I !'!!'!'.HIil!'') -r c : , , " , ~ 1 0 , L : J ' IL , t::: I:;W ho Oi lre y o u p , I IO ly in g w i t h ? 'o rWhO im , (lire yo u pl( l ly ing 'with?


46/51

Demon.strative IPrOinOIUnS

Tho se a re ,go a ts .

The se o re s hee p .

T h is Is . m y h O U is e . .T h is . t s a h U l l . .T hes e a re donkeys .Who : t Is th is ?D id y o u d r o p 1 1 b i s ? 'I H i , JOlne l l l 1h is is Mi cha l e ~1

Tha t is Jo hn 's h ou se ,T h a t is a mo u n t o l n .Tha se a re , ho rses ..'W ha t ,a re t h o se?'W 'e l o a m d o betterthan that .No " th a fs n o t Im ine . o u rn e o n ' you w o r n ? 'Thafs om , o l z . i n g l ! 'HeU o , w h o l i lS t ha ts p e a k i n g , p ~ e , c l s e ? 'I H l e l l l o , i . s . that y o u ,Ge o r g e ?

XI~mt~~,t,?U~:? 4 Gro'J~ q-?!O~i~~t'J:~ m t I B G r o o ~ ~1thts , ~ q these, ~oo05i:IBIOD~1oo~, q Go:q~?'GW0 w' '?O'~~d?:~ 1 F 2 : : f ~'Q OJ 1 ? m ,~ ntlhat1 ' G those ~. ~ ~ ;~ t t .O l~ : lm

Delmonstra'Uve Ipron'O'Ulns GJ,):OOI~ '9)t~,: (~.] m l G : J ' J : l 8 1 i ~ & o o , ~ : ' 1S i ngu l a rthis~h(1 l t

P lu ra ' it h e set h o . s e !


47/51

Exerc'ise 1Subjenct pronouns , , q Dbject pr'olnounsooq g;cqJi1GCO)00 l: a , 61 ,1~ ::: O !~ I. D.c....'SI r . ; ; ~8 : : , m . ' .. . . .GO: 0 1 .II. ! .I 1 ~ ,!.Ie . ~ -()I I I

yo u th em him it

he they y o u we

u s

Exercis;e 21 P e t,e r a n d I I a re b ro the rs , s h o re a b e d ro o m---ffiugether"'2 Sueisn't wen. Dod is talking. to see 0: doctor.3, My b ro th e r is o te o ch e r .. t e a ches , I E n g l l l ~ s h .4 All h is s tu d e n ts ~ ' i i i k e , ve r y m u c h .S Children, are l m a k ~ n g to o much n o is e ~6 W ho ' Q l lr a thOS16' 1 P e ~ o p l l e ? Wh'e re ' a re f r om?7 Mom l is a d o c t o r . ~~~wolrks in ( J I hosp~~a~.,8 T h e s k V t s Ig le H ~ n g d a r k . I ~ S ' 9 I o i n 9 : to r ' O I ~ n .9 Jo h n , w :e a r ia ol l l lwfJi t ing fo r , " A re yo u c om in gl th ?i , .

' _ O _ . ' . M b__o _ - r l _ - ' r _ I ' o _ - w _ - _ , U ' O _ - U _ l t _ , ' pB _ - n _ - . ? :"_0"1___ 1 ,11Yesj of cQu r sE t ,When can you re, furn ~_~~o

?__.


48/51

yourse l l vssl h ~ m s e , l ! f

t i h e : m S 9 , I ' v s ' sy o r u r s e , l i f

i i t s e Uou r se l ves

I m y s i e l l fherse l f

Exercise 3,~O:W'JhlOO? refle,xive I p rOn 'O ' l I n lS '~j?:~ ~,tWt~"J'~ rrlm6 Q J ' J ' : ~ 8 G i l , ~ 0 1 1 1 1 1

1 Nio l o ne c an he ilip u s . W e ha lv e to h e , l p =====2 Jane ' Q l l l w u y s m akes the ' b ed bV ~ _"".;3 T he y p 'a ll~ n 1 ed fh e wan a l i i I I b Y ' _4 I h u r t . in 'th e p loyg l round yesf,erday.5 Jo hn , yo u m u s t b eha v ie , b e fo re , y o u r f r l iends.6 Ch~lldir,enjo u most d o the homework =====7 ' 170mdefendedo 'Q lo l i ns t the b u I I U e s , .8 The db g l is s c ra tc h iiln g l _

Exercise 4~I~ ~.Q 0.)')Q i) " '~ ' " : l8 = I S , i 'tt '" O J ; : ~::D?' in te r ' r ,og ,ao t i i ve I P re n o u n ,sQ ~ , ' ) : I B q"'i , r E , . ' 0 0 , 6 [jl~: 1 1 ~1 .~ s .th e m e tte r wIth y , o u ?: 2 , i nv ien t , sd ~hec o m 1 p u t , e r ?3 .o f tihe ' t w i n o s is o lde r r '4 , d o yo u wish to sp eck to ? '5 , i s . th is C ( 1 1 t '~ n' f f iont o f o u r h o u s e?6 k n ows 1he anSWie l r ?7 . c o r ne I[rs t 'the c h ic ken o r th e ,e:9 '918 wou ld you Uke to d r i i n k . ? '9 o f: t hem l d o yOU ' th ink w~l l r l lw l i in th e r a c e ?

1 1 0 . I s t beword fo r ( J l s f o r n p co l l l lec .1or ! '


49/51

i5.~djectives=- ....=:!

a sm :o r1 d o go n o ld bu i ld Ing l

0 1 busy s t n 3 , e 1 'II a d e, c o rn ero deep sea l0 1 laille bed1 1 is , wind y .John 's h( lJndwr i l t ing~s very nea t .The s se is ro ugh .,A l i i t h e pl lo lyers (lire v e !r y t a U " ,The baby ' s hon d s a l r , a very s m a l i l i .Sue ' s d rDW~ng lIs bea u l ifu i li.Tha t p ro b llem is to o diff icult",P e 1 e r ~ svery , q u i e t 1 o d o l Y , 0 1 I l l ow fence


50/51

~ai'pay

1 T he re is o n e 'm lp ~ ro o m u p s to lrs .2 lrs a h o i' s umm e r,3 You ore so kind4 Donjl be (rOlzy.5 Th is ,p a rk is ,d ea n o n d g reen .6 Many pe op l e exe rc is e to keep hea~ t hy .7 ~ th ~ n k th e is e , eg'Qls a re , roH en .8 W ea re 0 1 1 1 1 b o re d . T he re , ii's n~ 'anything to do,9 The ,p up il ls d on 't f~ndthe ~ o k e( l rmlUs ing.1 0 Jom es 'wa s , a b s e n t b s c o u s s he wo s il il .

Exercise 1Gm?08 G~~ I t : .: " 0 1 ' 1 [ 1 , , )~i?8 ='Q.. ..I J : Q a d l J e c ' t . i y e ~ s QI'):dS Q00...~-:'00',): 6 o:o11~t1 ~ ~ ~ I~ i~ ~~

Exercise 2GO: OO?: GOO~ a d j e ',c ti'v e s , .Q . . .I?,~ r f J ' ~ , ~ mCC; 00":1' 00.'"r A 00 , 5 '00..".8 h. .. ' . ' o S . :


51/51

Ad'. ectlv - E - ~ dinqsc __e_n --AdJecUv'es ~J'):, r : i If) 'CD'J': c 9 . : 00' ~~ : CD~oo ' c J J ' 1.:'0~:00 ~ :maS ~.800 ~ Ico'aj~~adjectives eJ'J~oo'E ~ful ( c 9 . ~ ) -leas ~~. Q a : : . :00(6 roi~IBI

.11N~ . . .~'- -p l la y fu l l p u pp i e s,0 1 b ea uHfu l d res s'0 1 c O l r e l e s s , d r ~ v e l ro taihful dogo h a l F i m l l e s s ' i nsecto u s e fu lt o o l l

AdJ " , ,@cUves co,800::.0?OO:OOaj,:oo,"~' -ful rom, f'Goo'J!I~, L ,L c:. LCa)t~,ooJ~ro05 , a , d j enc t i ve IHDal:O)'~ ~I,ess l ! ! , i o . . 1 ' c l lle :o 'l~ _ .

c c re f u lc o l o r f u l

,~ , c O re ,I'9 '$ Sc o l l , o r l , e s s

use fu lh O l r m l f u l 1

p a i n f u l lhope , l u l h av ~ n gl a I lo, to ,f po inha v iln gl a I l o , t o . f h o p e

use l essh o rm l e s s

I l e a f i l e s s 'w I thou t l e C l l v e s

01_Basic English Grammar Book 1.pdf

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