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3 !"+, -. B,5(*,7"(,.' .< 5)("*)(,.' (,&%5F; D03= %9 =E: :K0<40='%5 %9 !"#Q; <'&:5;: 0DD<'&0='%5R !!S E0; 3:M4:;=:$ =E0= =E: $';=3'G4='%5 %9 =E: G499:3Q; ;0=430='%5 ='7: '5 0<< =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; '; 050<8;:$/ T:3: B: 4;: $0=0 93%7 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<; %9 =E: U%3;7031 3:D%;'=%38R 05$ &%4D<: =E'; B'=E =E:37%?E8$304<'& 7%$:<; %9 =E: G499:3 ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;; '5 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 05$ E8$304<'& 7%$:<; %9 =E: ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;; '5 =E: =455:< G0&19'<< =% :;='70=: =E: $';=3'G4='%5 %9 ;0=430='%5 ='7:;/
3:3 I)@>1*."'- L !"&&)*+ .< *%5"$(5 <*.& !/05,(%V5 =0;1 @ %9 =E: !>?;'=: LTS 7%$:<<'52 3:D%3= WX1:;;%5 := 0</ .P(PY ;:K:30< 7%$:<; B:3: &%5;=34&=:$ =% :;='70=: =E: 70N'747 05$ 7'5'747 ;0=430='%5 ='7: 9%3 =E3:: $'99:3:5= =8D:; %9 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:;/ LE:;: B:3:Z
? H:D%;'='%5 E%<:; '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 0 ;'52<: 930&=43: 0= =E: 7'$?E:'2E= %9 =E: &05';=:3 WJST?930&=43:Y
? H:D%;'='%5 E%<:; B'=E 5% 930&=43:;R G4= BE:3: =E: =455:< [4;= 0G%K: =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:'; '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 0 ;'52<: 930&=43: WL?930&=43:Y
? H:D%;'='%5 E%<:; B'=E 5% 5:03G8 930&=43:;R 05$ 5% 5:03G8 =455:< 930&=43:; W45930&=43:$ 3%&1Y
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
U43=E:37%3:R '5 L0;1 . %9 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: %9 =E: =455:< G0&19'<< B0; '5K:;='20=:$ 4;'52 E8$304<'& 7%$:<;/ ]9 D3'7038 '5=:3:;= 9%3 =E: D3:;:5= ;=4$8 '; =E: 7%$:<; 4;:$ =% 050<8;: =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: BE:5 B0=:3 '; %5<8 =305;D%3=:$ =% =E: =455:< K'0 930&=43:;/
V5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY 5% 0==:7D= =% &%4D<: =E: 3:;4<=; %9 L0;1 . 05$ @ B'=E =E: :ND:&=:$ $';=3'G4='%5 %9 930&=43:; '5=:3;:&='52 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 05$ $:D%;'='%5?E%<: =455:<; '5 =E: U%3;7031 3:D%;'=%38 B:3: $%5:/ LE4;R =E: $';=3'G4='%5 %9 ;0=430='%5 ='7:; 9%3 0<< $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; B0; 5%= :K0<40=:$/ T:3: ;4&E 05 :K0<40='%5 '; D3:;:5=:$^ =E: $0=0 %5 =E: :ND:&=:$ '59<%B &E030&=:3';='&; 03: =01:5 93%7 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<; %9 =E: U%3;7031 3:D%;'=%38 D3'%3 =% '5;=0<<0='%5 W_%8&: := 0</ .P(@Y/ LE:;: 03: ;'7'<03 =% =E: 7%$:<; %9 =E: :N&0K0='%5 DE0;: D3:;:5=:$ 0; D03= %9 !>?!'=: W!K:5;;%5 ` U%<<'5 .P(PYR G4= '5 $'99:3:5&: =% =E%;:R BE:3: 0 &%5='5447 7%$:< B0; 4;:$ =% $:;&3'G: =E: 9<%B D3%D:3=':; %9 =E: 3%&1R _%8&: := 0</ W.P(@Y E0K: '7D<:7:5=:$ 0 $';&3:=: 930&=43: 5:=B%31/ LE'; 7:05; =E0= '5$'K'$40< 930&=43:; 03: 3:D3:;:5=:$R 05$ =E:3:G8 0<;% =E: 930&=43: '5=:3;:&='%5; B'=E $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 05$ =455:<;/ LE: ;=0=';='&0< 930&=43: 7%$:< 4;:$ '; =01:5 93%7 =E: 7%$:<<'52 %9 =E: %D:30='%50< DE0;: $43'52 D:3'%$; B'=E =:7D:30=: &<'70=: &%5$'='%5; D3:;:5=:$ '5 _%8&: := 0</ W.P(PY/
3:9 M*."'-A)(%* &.-%$5 <*)@("*% 5()(,5(,@5a: 4;: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<; %9 =E: U%3;7031 3:D%;'=%38 BE:3: =E: D:3'%$ 09=:3 :N&0K0='%5 G4= G:9%3: '5;=0<<0='%5 %9 =E: &05';=:3 B'=E ;D:5= 94:< 05$ =E: &<08 G499:3 W'/:/ =E: '59<%B; 03: 7:0;43:$ $43'52 0=7%;DE:3'& &%5$'='%5; '5 =E: =455:<;b$:D%;'='%5 E%<:;Y B0; ;'74<0=:$R 05$ 050<8;: =E: 930&=43: ;=0=';='&; W;4&E 0; =E: 930&='%5 %9 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 930&=43:;R =E: 930&=43: '59<%B; 05$ =E: $';=05&: 93%7 :0&E $:D%;'='%5 E%<: =% 5:03G8 =455:<?'5=:3;:&='52 930&=43:;Y/
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LE:;: %D:5?3:D%;'=%38 930&=43: 9<%B; 03: =E:5 4;:$ =% &0<'G30=: J%$:c#3'2E= 7%$:<;R BE:3: 0= 9'3;= 0=7%;DE:3'& &%5$'='%5; 03: D3:;&3'G:$ '5 G%=E =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<: 05$ =E: =455:</ LE:3:09=:3R =E: =455:< G0&19'<<b$:D%;'='%5?E%<: G499:3 '; '5=3%$4&:$ 05$ =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: &0<&4<0=:$/
aE:5 ;=4$8'52 =E: D3%D:3=':; %9 =E: 930&=43: D%D4<0='%5 '5 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<;R =E3::70'5 $'99:3:5&:; B'=E =E: 7%$:<; '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY &05 G: '$:5='9':$Z
(Y 5% 70=3'N 9<%B '; '5&<4$:$ '5 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<;R
.Y 7%;= 930&=43:; '5=:3;:&='52 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 05$ =455:<; E0K: &%5;'$:30G<8 <%B:3 '59<%B; =E05 BE0= B0; 4;:$ '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PYR
@Y 7%;= $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 03: 5%= '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 930&=43:; 05$ 03: ;'=40=:$ M4'=: 903 0B08 93%7 =E: 5:03:;= =455:< 930&=43:/ LE4;R =% :;='70=: =E: ;0=430='%5?='7: $';=3'G4='%5R =E: =455:<?930&=43: ;:D030='%5; 050<8;:$ WI7 05$ .)7Y '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY 0DD:03; =% E0K: G::5 =%% ;70<</
LE:;: =E3:: D%'5=; 03: $';&4;;:$ '5 943=E:3 $:=0'< G:<%B/
(/ S0=3'N 9<%BLE: D:3E0D; 7%;= '59<4:5='0< 45&:3=0'5=8 '5 =E'; B%31 '; =E: 3%&1?70=3'N 9<%B/ S:0;43:7:5=; %5 '5=0&= W45930&=43:$Y G%3:E%<: &%3:; 93%7 U%3;7031 Wd'<1; .PP,Y ;422:;= =E0= '5=0&= 3%&1 ;07D<:; %5 =E: $:&'7:=3:?;'\: ;&0<: E0K: E8$304<'& &%5$4&='K'=':; G:=B::5 KS e *f(Pg(. 6)f(Pg() 7b;/ T%B:K:3R '5 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<;R 0<< B0=:3 '; 0;;47:$ =% G: =305;D%3=:$ '5 930&=43:;/ aE'<: =E: 70=3'N 9<%B 708 G: 45'7D%3=05= BE:5 ;=4$8'52 =E: =305;D%3= %9 30$'%54&<'$:; %4= %9 =E: 3:D%;'=%38 W0; '; =E: 70'5 2%0< %9 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<;YR '= &05R $:D:5$'52 %5 '=; 7025'=4$:R 0<7%;= &%7D<:=:<8 ;:= =E: $';=3'G4='%5 %9 ;0=430='%5 ='7:;R =;R '5 =E: 3:D%;'=%38/
F; =E: K0<4: %9 =E: 70=3'N &%5$4&='K'=8 '5 U%3;7031 '; 45&:3=0'5R =E: $';=3'G4='%5 %9 ;0=430='%5 ='7:; E0; E:3: G::5 &0<&4<0=:$ 0;;47'52 5% 70=3'N 9<%B W'/:/ B0=:3 =% =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 05$ =455:<; %5<8 :5=:3; =E3%42E 930&=43:;Y/ LE:5R J%$:c#3'2E= 7%$:<; B'=E $'99:3:5= K0<4:; %9 =E: 70=3'N &%5$4&='K'=8 WKS e (Pg(( 6 (Pg() 7b;Y E0K: G::5 4;:$ =% &0<&4<0=: =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: t!(KS) '9 B0=:3 %5<8 :5=:3; K'0 =E: 70=3'N/ LE: &474<0='K: $';=3'G4='%5 %9 ;0=430='%5 ='7:; 9%3 0 D03='&4<03 K0<4: %9 "S '; =E:5 0;;47:$ =% G: '$:5='&0< =% =E0= B'=E 5% 70=3'N 9<%B 9%3 t <tS(KS) 05$ :M40< =% ( 9%3 t > t!(KS)/./ U30&=43: '59<%B; '5 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<;LE: &474<0='K: $';=3'G4='%5 %9 '59<%B; '5 $:D%;'='%5?E%<:?'5=:3;:&='52 930&=43:;R MHTR '; ;E%B5 '5 =E: <:9= D05:< %9 U'243: (/ FG%4= IPh %9 0<< =E:;: 930&=43:; E0K: qHT < 10−4 ib7'5/ V5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PYR =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: B0; &0<&4<0=:$ 9%3 qHT = 0.1 ib7'5 05$ 10−3 ib7'5R3:;D:&='K:<8/
LE: &474<0='K: $';=3'G4='%5 %9 '59<%B; =E3%42E =455:<?'5=:3;:&='52 930&=43:; WqLUY '; ;E%B5 '5=E: 3'2E= D05:< %9 U'243: (/ F; &05 G: ;::5R =E: =455:<?930&=43: '59<%B; K038 G:=B::5 0DD3%N'70=:<8 qLU e (PgI 05$ qLU e (P ib7'5/ V= '; '7D%3=05= =% 5%=: =E0= '5 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<; 4;:$ E:3:R 23%4='52 '; 5%= '5&<4$:$ 05$ =455:<?'5=:3;:&='52 930&=43:; B'=E '59<%B; E'2E:3 =E05 =E: D3:;&3'G:$ <'7'= %9 0.1 ib7'5 W!"# .P(P0Y 03: '5&<4$:$/ V9 23%4='52 B:3: '5&<4$:$ =E'; &%4<$ &E052: =E: '59<%B; '5=% =E: =455:<; G8 3:$4&'52 =E: '59<%B =E3%42E E'2E?9<%B'52 930&=43:; 05$ D%;;'G<8 WG8 3:$';=3'G4='%5 %9 9<%BY '5&3:0;'52 =E: '59<%B =E3%42E <%B?9<%B'52 930&=43:;/ T:5&:R $:D:5$'52 %5 E%B E'2E?9<%B'52 930&=43:; 03: E05$<:$ '5 =E: U%3;7031 3:D%;'=%38R =E: =455:<?G0&19'<<?;0=430='%5 D3%&:;; &%4<$R '5 ;%7: =455:<;R G: 30=E:3 $'99:3:5= =E05 =E: :;='70=:; D3:;:5=:$ '5 =E'; 3:D%3=/
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LE: 7%$:<; %9 =E: =455:< G0&19'<< ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;; D3:;:5=:$ '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY B:3: ;:= 4D 4;'52 930&=43:; B'=E %D:5?3:D%;'=%38 '59<%B; :M40< =% P/( ib7'5 05$ (Pg@ ib7'5 %5<8RE:5&: =% G:==:3 3:D3:;:5= =E: '59<%B; :ND:&=:$ '5 =E: 3:D%;'=%38 B: E0K: E:3: 0<;% '5&<4$:$ =455:<?'5=:3;:&='52 930&=43:; B'=E MLU e (Pg* ib7'5/
Figure 1. Cumulative distribution of inflows (during atmospheric conditions in the repository) through deposition-hole intersecting fractures (left panel), and through tunnel-intersecting fractures (right panel), as determined in the groundwater models of the Forsmark repository.
3. Fracture separationLE: 70[%3'=8 W0G%4= -PhY %9 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; '5 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<; 03: 5%= '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 930&=43:;(/ U43=E:37%3:R =E: K0;= 70[%3'=8 %9 =E:;: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 03: ;'=40=:$ 903 0B08 93%7 =E: 5:03:;= =455:< 930&=43:/
L% M405='98 =E: =455:<?930&=43: ;:D030='%5R i W;:: Figure 2YR B: &05 &%5;=34&= =E: &474<0='K: $';=3'G4='%5/ V5 =E'; 3:D%3= B: B'<< 4;: =E: M405='=8 L/2R '/:/ =E: 930&=43: ;:D030='%5 $'K'$:$ G8 .R 0; =E'; '; =E: M405='=8 BE'&E '; K03':$ '5 =E: J%$:c#3'2E= 7%$:<; D3:;:5=:$ '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY 05$ G:<%B/
(LE'; ;=0=:7:5= '; %5<8 &%33:&= '9 CHj WCN&0K0='%5 H0702:$ j%5:Y 930&=43:; 03: 5%= '5&<4$:$/ V5 !>?;'=: '= '; 0;;47:$ =E0= 5% ;'25'9'&05= CHj B'<< G: D3:;:5= '5 U%3;7031R 05$ =E: ;07: '; 0;;47:$ E:3:/ V5 ;:&='%5 (/* 0 ;E%3= $';&4;;'%5 %5 =E: D%;;'G<: :99:&=; %9 0 E'2E<8 453:0<';='& CHj '; '5&<4$:$/
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Figure 2. The tunnel-fracture separation, L, is defined as the separation between two fractures, as measured from the point were they intersect the deposition-tunnel central axis.
LE: &474<0='K: $';=3'G4='%5 %9 L/2 &05 G: &%5;=34&=:$ '5 =B% $'99:3:5= B08;Z (Y G8 050<8;'52=E: 930&=43: ;:D030='%5; 93%7 =E: D%'5= %9 K':B %9 05 %G;:3K:3 ;:M4:5='0<<8 D%;'='%5:$ '5 :0&E 05$ :K:38 =455:<R %3 .Y 93%7 =E: D%'5= %9 K':B %9 05 %G;:3K:3 ;:M4:5='0<<8 D%;'='%5:$ '5 :0&E 05$ %5: %9 =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:;/ V5 =E: 9'3;= &0;:R :0&E 930&=43: ;:D030='%5 '; %5<8 &%45=:$ %5&: 05$ '= 3:;4<=; '5 =E: $';=3'G4='%5 '$:5='9':$ G8 =E: G<0&1 ;%<'$ <'5: '5 U'243: @/ V5 =E: ;:&%5$ &0;:R :0&E <032: 930&=43: ;:D030='%5 B'<< G: &%45=:$ 7058 ='7:;R 0; 7%3: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 03: ;'=40=:$ G:=B::5 930&=43:; B'=E <032: ;:D030='%5; =E05 G:=B::5 930&=43:; B'=E ;70<< ;:D030='%5;/ LE: 3:;4<='52 $';=3'G4='%5 '; =E: 3:$ ;%<'$ <'5: '5 U'243: @R BE'&E 3:0&E:; 0 K0<4: %9 %5: 0= L/2 " .IP7/ aE:5 050<8;'52 =E: ;0=430='%5?='7: $';=3'G4='%5R =E: '5=:3:;='52 ;=0=';='& '; =E: ;:&%5$ %5:/
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Figure 3. Distribution of tunnel-fracture separations, where the tunnel-fracture separation, L, has been divided by a factor of 2. The black line shows the distribution from the point of view of an observer standing in the tunnels and the red line shows the distribution from the point of view of an observer standing in the deposition holes.
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LE: $';=05&: =% =E: 5:03:;= 930&=43: W$7'5Y '; %9 <'==<: ;'25'9'&05&: BE:5 ib. '; ;70<<R G4= $%7'505= BE:5 ib. '; <032:/ LE'; &05 G: '<<4;=30=:$ 4;'52 =E: 7%$:<; %9 =E: =455:< G0&19'<< ;0=430='%5 DE0;: BE'&E B:3: D3:;:5=:$ '5 L0;1 . '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY/ F; D03= %9 =E0= =0;1R =E: ;0=430='%5 %9 =E: =455:< G0&19'<< B0; ;=4$':$ '5 =E: &0;: BE:3: B0=:3 %5<8 :5=:3:$ =E3%42E :M4'$';=05= 930&=43:;/ LB% 930&=43: ;:D030='%5; B:3: '5K:;='20=:$ Wib.e @ 05$ (. 7:=:3;Y 4;'52 =E: 2:%7:=38 ;::5 '5 U'243: ((/ LE: ;0=430='%5 D3%9'<: 0= ;:K:30< $'99:3:5= D%'5=; '5 ='7: 09=:3 '5;=0<<0='%5 '; ;E%B5 '5 U'243: ) W<:9= D05:<Z ib.e@7R 3'2E= D05:<Z ib.e(.7Y/ F; &05 G: ;::5R=E: ;0=430='%5 D3%9'<: '5 =E: =B% &0;:; '; 30=E:3 $'99:3:5=/ aE:5 =E: 930&=43:; 03: 3:<0='K:<8 &<%;: =% :0&E %=E:3 Wib.e@7R <:9= D05:<Y =E: ;0=430='%5 D3%9'<: '; 30=E:3 ;E0<<%BR 05$ =E: :5='3: G499:3 ;:27:5= G:=B::5 =E: =B% 930&=43:; 3:0&E 94<< ;0=430='%5 0= 0DD3%N'70=:<8 =E: ;07: ='7:/ T%B:K:3R 9%3 <032:3 930&=43: ;:D030='%5;R 0 &<:03 k;0=430='%5 93%5=l '; ;::5 '5 =E: =455:< G0&19'<<R B'=E =E: D03=; &<%;: =% =E: 930&=43: 3:0&E'52 94<< ;0=430='%5 74&E 90;=:3 =E05 =E: D03=; 943=E:3 0B08/
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Figure 4. Saturation profiles at the center of the tunnel backfill at different points in time after installation. The models are constructed with a symmetry plane in between the two fractures (see Figure 11), which, in these two models, were calibrated such as to give 10!3
L/min each under atmospheric conditions in the tunnel. The left panel depicts the evolution when the two fractures are separated by a distance of 6m, while the right panel depicts the evolution when the fractures are separated by 24m.
3:K T5(,&)(% .< 5)("*)(,.' (,&% <.* -,<<%*%'( -%#.5,(,.' ;.$%5LE: ;0=430='%5 ='7: %9 :0&E $:D%;'='%5 E%<: B'<< E:3: G: &0<&4<0=:$ 0;;47'52 5%5: W%3 K:38 ;70<<Y 70=3'N 9<%B/ LE: :99:&= %9 =E: 70=3'N 9<%B '; =E:5 =01:5 '5=% 0&&%45= BE:5 &%5;=34&='52 =E: =%=0< $';=3'G4='%5 %9 ;0=430='%5 ='7:;/
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J%5;'$:3'52 =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; '5 &<0;; (R =E: 7%$:<<'52 $%5: '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PYR BE:3: =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: B0; &0<&4<0=:$ $4: =% B0=:3 '59<%B =E3%42E 0 930&=43: '5=:3;:&='52 =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<: 0= 7'$ E:'2E= %9 =E: &05';=:3R 2'K:; 0 2%%$ :;='70=: %9 =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: '9 =E: 930&=43: '59<%B 45$:3 0=7%;DE:3'& &%5$'='%5; '; 03%45$ 10!4 ib7'5 %3 E'2E:3 05$ 0;'25'9'&05= 70=3'N 9<%B '; D3:;:5=/ T%B:K:3R 0; &05 G: ;::5 '5 =E: <:9= D05:< %9 U'243: (R =E: 70[%3'=8 %9 $:D%;'='%5?E%<:?'5=:3;:&='52 930&=43:; E0K: 74&E <%B:3 '59<%B;/ LE4;R =% D3%D:3<8 &%K:3 =E: 3052: %9 '59<%B &%59'2430='%5; 9%45$ '5 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<;R B: 74;= 4D$0=:=E: 7%$:<; 93%7 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY G8 '5&<4$'52 0 K:38 <%B 70=3'N 9<%BR 05$ 0$$ 0 7%$:< B'=E 0 <%B?9<%B'52 930&=43:/
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J%5&:35'52 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; G:<%52'52 =% &<0;; . 05$ @R B: &05 :;='70=: =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: G8 &0<&4<0='52 =E: ='7: '= B'<< =01: 45='< =E: =455:< G0&19'<< '; ;0=430=:$ 0G%K: =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:/ S%$:<; 9%3 =B% 930&=43: ;:D030='%5; B:3: 050<8;:$ '5 L0;1 . %9 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY^ =E:;: 03: E:3: ;4DD<:7:5=:$ G8 (+ 0$$'='%50< 7%$:<;R BE'&E G:==:3 &%K:3 =E: 3052: %9 930&=43: '59<%B; 05$ 930&=43: ;:D030='%5; D3:;:5= '5 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<;/
H:D%;'='%5 E%<:; G:<%52'52 =% &<0;; ) B'<< G: ;0=430=:$ :'=E:3 =E3%42E 70=3'N 9<%B %3R0<=:350='K:<8R G8 B0=:3 D0;;'52 =E3%42E =E: =455:< D<42 '5=% =E: $:D%;'='%5 =455:< 93%7 =E: =305;D%3= =455:<;/ V5 =E: <0==:3 &0;:R B: E0K: 5% B08 %9 :;='70='52 =E: ='7: 45='< ;0=430='%5 '5 =E'; 3:D%3=R 05$ =E4; BE:5 \:3% 70=3'N 9<%B '; 0;;47:$R =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: %9 =E: &<0;; ) $:D%;'='%5?E%<:; B'<< G: ;:= =% '59'5'=8/ LE'; ';R E%B:K:3R %9 <'==<: '7D%3=05&: 9%3 =E: ;0=430='%5?='7: $';=3'G4='%5R 0; =E: 930&='%5 %9 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; G:<%52'52 =% &<0;; ) '; <:;; =E05 %5: D:3 &:5=/
3:P H--,(,.')$ &.-%$5F; 7:5='%5:$ 0G%K:R ;:K:30< 5:B 7%$:<; B:3: &%5;=34&=:$ WB'=E 3:;D:&= =% =E%;: D3:;:5=:$ '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ .P(PY =% G:==:3 3:D3:;:5= =E: '59<%B &E030&=:3';='&; '5 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<;/#:<%B B: 9'3;= $';&4;; =E: 0$$'='%50< 7%$:<; %9 =E: $:D%;'='%5?E%<: ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;;R BE:3: 09=:3 B: $:;&3'G: =E: 0$$'='%50< 7%$:<; %9 =E: =455:<?G0&19'<< ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;;/
3:P:3 H--,(,.')$ &.-%$5 .< (;% -%#.5,(,.'0;.$% 5)("*)(,.' #*.@%55LE: E8$30='%5 %9 =E: G499:3 '5 0 $:D%;'='%5 E%<: '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 0 ;'52<: 930&=43: B0; 050<8;:$'5 L0;1 @ %9 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY/ LB% 930&=43: =305;7';;'K'=':; B:3: 4;:$R &%33:;D%5$'52 =% 930&=43: '59<%B; 45$:3 0=7%;DE:3'& &%5$'='%5; %9 qU = 0.1 ib7'5 05$ qU = 10−3 ib7'5/ LE: ;'74<0='%5; 0<;% '5&<4$:$ 70=3'N 9<%BR B'=E K7 = 10−11 7b; 05$ K7 = 10−12 7b;R 3:;D:&='K:<8/ LB% &%7G'50='%5; %9 =E:;: 930&=43: =305;7';;'K'=':; 05$ 70=3'N &%5$4&='K'=':; B:3: 7%$:<<:$Z qU = 0.1 ib7'5 B'=E K7 = 10−11 7b; 05$ qU = 10−3 ib7'5 B'=E K7 = 10−12 7b;/ U%3 =E: D43D%;:; E:3:R E%B:K:3R B: B%4<$ <'1: =% 15%B =E: ='7: 45='< 94<< ;0=430='%5 '5 =E: G499:3 9%3 qU = 0.1 ib7'5R 10−3 ib7'5 05$ 10−5 ib7'5 '5 =E: &0;: %9 0 K:38 ;70<< 70=3'N 9<%B/
LE: 7%$:<; D3:;:5=:$ 4;: =E: ;07: 2:%7:=38 05$ 7:;ER 0; B:<< 0; 70=:3'0< D0307:=:3; 05$ '5'='0<bG%45$038 &%5$'='%5;R 0; B0; 4;:$ '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY/ U%3 &%7D<:=:5:;; =E:8 03: G3':9<8 $:;&3'G:$ G:<%B^ 9%3 0 7%3: '5?$:D=E $:;&3'D='%5R 0; B:<< 0; 7%='K0='%5 9%3 =E: K0<4:; 4;:$ =E: 3:0$:3 '; $'3:&=:$ =% L0;1 @ '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY/
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LE: D0307:=:3; 4;:$ =% 7%$:< =E: 3%&1 05$ &05';=:3 70=:3'0<; 03: 9%45$ '5 L0G<: (?@/ LE: K0<4: %9 =E: 3%&1 '5=3'5;'& D:37:0G'<'=8 $:;:3K:; ;%7: $';&4;;'%5/ LE: 2%0< %9 =E'; 7%$:<<'52 '; =% M405='98 =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: $4: =% 930&=43: B:=='52 B'=E%4= ;'25'9'&05= 70=3'N 9<%B/ LE4;R '5 D3'5&'D<: =E: '5=3'5;'& D:37:0G'<'=8 %9 =E: 3%&1 ;E%4<$ G: ;:= 0; <%B 0; D%;;'G<:/ T%B:K:3R ;:=='52 =%% ;70<< 0 K0<4: <:0$; =% 453:0<';='&0<<8 E'2E <'M4'$ D3:;;43:; '5 =E: 3%&1 03%45$ =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:R $4: =% =E: '5&3:0;:$ =:7D:30=43: =E0= &04;:; =E: B0=:3 =% :ND05$ W;:: :M40='%5 (?(Y '5 &%7G'50='%5 B'=E =E: <%B D:37:0G'<'=8R BE'&E D3:K:5=; =E: B0=:3 =% 9<%B 0B08 93%7 =E: B037 \%5:/ m;'52 =E: K0<4: (Pg.( 7b; '; 0 2%%$ &%7D3%7';: BE'&E <:0$; =% 0 K:38 <%B 70=3'N 9<%BR BE'<: 0K%'$'52 E'2E D3:;;43:; '5 =E: 3%&1/
rend
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g: D
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entID
141
5879
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1.0
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tus
God
känt
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"#,92 !J43 (#*# -$28 0.+ *=2 +.:%F 0+#:*-+2 #/8 :#/)$*2+ 1#*2+)#9$3 ()+2:*97 #8.<*28 0+.1 *=2 D#9-2$ -$28 )/ N%2$$./ 2* #93 O&M!MP3
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A:%7:=38R '5'='0< 05$ G%45$038 &%5$'='%5;LE: 2:%7:=38 '; 0 =B%?$'7:5;'%50< 0N';877:=3'& 3:D3:;:5=0='%5 %9 0 ;'52<: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:R B'=E =E: G0&19'<<:$ =455:< 05$ 5:03G8 E%;= 3%&1^ '= '; ;E%B5 '5 U'243: */
LE: '5'='0< &%5$'='%5; D3:;&3'G:$ 03: =01:5 93%7 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY/ LE:8 03:Z
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m5'= nSO0] n?] npJ]>%&1bU30&=43: ) ? */.(Y P/PP@ (*#499:3 3'52; ?)I P/@I (*#499:3 G<%&1; ?)I P/@+ (*#499:3 D:<<:=; ?)I P/I) (*#0&19'<< G<%&1; ?)I P/@- (*#0&19'<< D:<<:=; ?)I P/I) (*J05';=:3 ?)I P/PPP(.Y (*(Y i'5:03 K:3='&0< $';=3'G4='%5 G:=B::5 4DD:3 W)SO0Y 05$ <%B:3 W*/.SO0Y G%45$038 .YaE:5 4;'52 J%$:c#3'2E= 0<< 70=:3'0<; 74;= E0K: 0 D%3%;'=8/ F; =E: &05';=:3 '5 3:0<'=8 E0; \:3% D%3%;'=8 0 K:38 <%B K0<4: '; D3:;&3'G:$ E:3:/
rend
erin
g: D
okum
entID
141
5879
, Ver
sion
1.0
, Sta
tus
God
känt
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sskl
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Öpp
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Figure 5. Geometry and boundary conditions used to model the saturation process in a deposition hole intersected by a single fracture at canister mid height. The figure is adapted from figures 3-3 and 3-6 in �kesson et al. (2010).
LB% =8D:; %9 =E:370< G%45$038 &%5$'='%5; 03: 4;:$R 0 E:0= 9<4N %5 =E: &05';=:3 05$ 0 D3:;&3'G:$ =:7D:30=43: %5 =E: 4DD:3 05$ <%B:3 G%45$03':; W%5 =E: K:3='&0< G%45$038 0$'0G0='& =E:370< &%5$'='%5; 03: D3:;&3'G:$Y/ V5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PYR 0<< 7%$:<; B:3: ;0=430=:$ B'=E'5 @ PPP 8:03;/ U%3 ;%7: 7%$:<; 050<8;:$ E:3: =E'; B0; 5%= =E: &0;:R E:5&: =E: G%45$038 &%5$'='%5; E0$ =% G: :K0<40=:$ 9%3 &%5;'$:30G<8 <%52:3 ='7: D:3'%$; Wt = 30 000 8:03;Y/
LE: &05';=:3 E:0= <%0$ '; D3:;&3'G:$ %5 =B% K:3='&0<<8 %3':5=0=:$ &%5&:5=3'& &8<'5$:3; B'=E'5 =E: &05';=:3 70=:3'0</ (b@ %9 =E: =%=0< E:0= <%0$ '; D3:;&3'G:$ 0= =E: 30$'0< $';=05&: r e P/(P* 7 05$ .b@ %9 =E: =%=0< E:0= <%0$ 0= r e P/@(* 7/ LE'; '; $%5: =% 7'7'& =E: 3:0< &0;:R BE:3: 9%43 94:< :<:7:5=; 03: D<0&:$ '5 =E: '55:3 D03= 05$ :'2E= '5 =E: %4=:3 D03= %9 =E: &05';=:3/
LE: E:0= <%0$ W'/:/ =E: &05';=:3 D%B:3Y '; D3:;&3'G:$ 0&&%3$'52 =% =E: :ND3:;;'%5 3:D%3=:$ '5 Tq17031 := 0</ W.P(PYZ
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BE:3: PWPY e 1700 aR i70N = 7 05$ =E: D0307:=:3; a' 05$ t' E0K: =E: K0<4:; ;E%B5 '5 L0G<: (?)/ a: E:3: 0;;47: =E0= '= '; K0<'$ 9%3 t # 30 000 8:03;R =E: 230DE '5 U'243: I ;E%B; =E:K0<4:; $43'52 =E'; ='7: ;D05/
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g: D
okum
entID
141
5879
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sion
1.0
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tus
God
känt
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' ( . @ ) * I ,t' .P *P .PP *PP .PPP *PPP .PPPPa' P/PIP P/,P* ?P/P** P/.*P P/P.* ?P/PP- P/P.)
Figure 6. Canister power as calculated using equation 1-14.
LE: =:7D:30=43: D3:;&3'G:$ %5 =E: 4DD:3 05$ <%B:3 G%45$03':; 03: =01:5 93%7 0 =E:370< 7%$:< %9 =E: :5='3: 3:D%;'=%38 4;:$ '5 =E: LTS 3:D%3= &%5&:35'52 =E: 2:%;DE:3:R 0; D3:;:5=:$ '5 Tq17031 := 0</ W.P(PY/ LE0= 7%$:< ;'74<0=:$ =E: :5='3: 3:D%;'=%38 B'=E ;433%45$'52 3%&1 70;;R 0;;47'52 0 &05';=:3 $';=05&: %9 I7 ? I/+7 W$:D:5$'52 %5 =E: D%;'='%5 B'=E'5 =E: 3:D%;'=%38Y 05$ 0 3%&1 =E:370< &%5$4&='K'=8 :M40< =% @/*, a 7g( "g(/ LE: =:7D:30=43: &E052: IP 7 0G%K:bG:<%B =E: 3:D%;'=%38 <:K:< '; ;E%B5 '5 U'243: , W3:$ 05$ G<4: ;%<'$ <'5:;Y/ F; &05 G: ;::5 =E: :K%<4='%5 '; 0<7%;= '$:5='&0<R E:5&: =E: ;07: =:7D:30=43: &%4<$ G: D3:;&3'G:$ %5 G%=E G%45$03':; WG<0&1 $0;E:$ <'5: '5 U'243: ,Y/ H0=0 9%3 =r(P PPP 8:03; E0K: 5%= G::5 $'3:&=<8 :K0<40=:$ 0= sb? IP 7 0G%K:bG:<%B =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:;R G4= =E: =:7D:30=43: :K%<4='%5 %5 =E: $:D%;'='%5?E%<: B0<< '5 ;'7'<03 7%$:<; '; 0K0'<0G<: '5 Tq17031 := 0</ W.P(PY/ LE: 3:;4<=; ;422:;= =E0= =E: =:7D:30=43: 3:0&E:; '=; %3'2'50< K0<4: WLe(*pJY 0G%4= (PP PPP 8:03; 09=:3 '5;=0<<0='%5 %9 =E: ;D:5= 94:<R 05$ =E0= =E: =3:5$R 0; D<%==:$ %5 0 ;:7'?<%2 D<%=R '; &<%;: =% <'5:03 G:=B::5 (P PPP 05$ (PP PPP 8:03;/ F; ;4&E =E: =:7D:30=43: G%45$038 &%5$'='%5 E0; G::5 :N=30D%<0=:$ 0; '; ;E%B5 '5 U'243: ,/ V= ;E%4<$ G: 5%=:$ =E0= =E: =:7D:30=43: 0= =E: G%45$038 '; <:;; =E05 )pJ 0G%K: '=; %3'2'50< K0<4: %9 (*pJ '5 =E'; ='7: '5=:3K0</ F; ;4&ER 058 ;70<< :33%3; '5 =E: =:7D:30=43: G%45$038 &%5$'='%5 ;E%4<$ E0K: 0 K:38 ;70<< :99:&= %5 =E: =E:37%?E8$304<'& :K%<4='%5 '5 =E: G499:3/
P DF
r end
eri n
g: D
okum
entID
141
5879
, Ver
sion
1.0
, Sta
tus
God
känt
, Sek
r ete
sskl
ass
Öpp
en
(*
Figure 7. Temperature change at the upper (red line) and lower (blue line) boundary of the model, taken from a thermal simulation of the entire repository presented in H�kmark et al. (2010). The dashed black line is the temperature boundary condition prescribed on the boundary in the Code_Bright models.
LE: E8$304<'& G%45$038 &%5$'='%5 B0; :K0<40=:$ 93%7 0 E8$304<'& 7%$:< %9 =E: :5='3: 3:D%;'=%38R D3:;:5=:$ '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY/ V= ;E%B:$ =E0= 0= G%=E =E: 4DD:3 05$ <%B:3 G%45$03':; %9 =E: 7%$:< 4;:$ =% ;'74<0=: =E: :K%<4='%5 %9 0 ;'52<: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:R =E: <'M4'$ D3:;;43: B0; &<%;: =% E8$3%;=0='& 0= 0<< ='7:;/ U43=E:37%3:R :K0<40='%5 %9 =E: ;'52<:?$:D%;'='%5?E%<: 7%$:< ;E%B:$ =E0= 0 5%?9<%B &%5$'='%5 %5 =E: <%B:3 G%45$038 20K: 0 &%33:&= :K%<4='%5/ F; ;4&ER =E: %5<8 E8$304<'& G%45$038 &%5$'='%5 4;:$ '5 =E: 7%$:< '; =E0= 0 <'M4'$ D3:;;43: %9 ) SO0 '; D3:;&3'G:$ %5 =E: 4DD:3 G%45$038 %9 =E: 2:%7:=38/
(/)/(/( O0307:=:3 K03'0='%5; :ND<%3:$LE: 70'5 D0307:=:3 =% G: '5K:;='20=:$ E:3: '; =E: 930&=43: =305;7';;'K'=8R LU/ T%B:K:3R '= ';7%3: &%33:&= =% ;=0=: =E0= =E: '7D%3=05&: %9 K03'0='%5; '5 930&=43: '59<%B B0; :ND<%3:$R 0; =E: K0<4:; %9 =E:;:R 0; 7:0;43:$ 45$:3 0=7%;DE:3'& &%5$'='%5;R B:3: 4;:$ =% &0<'G30=: =E: =305;7';;'K'=8/ F;'$: 93%7 $'99:3:5= 930&=43: =305;7';;'K'=':;R %5: :N=30 WB'=E 3:;D:&= =% =E: 7%$:<; D3:;:5=:$ '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ .P(PY K0<4: %9 =E: 70=3'N E8$304<'& &%5$4&='K'=8 B0; 7%$:<<:$R K7 = 10-14 7b;/ LE: $'99:3:5= 7%$:<; 050<8;:$ 03: ;47703';:$ '5 L0G<: (?* G:<%B/
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141
5879
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1.0
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God
känt
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(/)/(/. >:;4<=;V5 0&&%3$05&: B'=E X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PYR =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: WE:3: $:9'5:$ 0; =E: ='7: 93%7 G499:3 '5;=0<<0='%5 45='< =E: G499:3 3:0&E:; --h ;0=430='%5Y B0; 7:0;43:$ '5 9%43 D3:?$:=:37'5:$ D%'5=; WO( 6 O)Y 0; B:<< 0; '5 =E: <0;= D%'5= =% 3:0&E 94<< ;0=430='%5/ LE: D%;'='%5; %9 D%'5=; O(?O) 03: '<<4;=30=:$ '5 U'243: +/ V= ;E%4<$ G: 5%=:$ =E0= $4: =% <'7'=0='%5; %9 =E: D%;=?D3%&:;;%3 4;:$R =E: ;0=430='%5 E0; =% G: 7:0;43:$ %5 =E: ;:&%5$ 5%$: 93%7 =E: :$2: %9 =E: G499:3 70=:3'0< W=E: ;07: '; =34: 9%3 =E: 7%$:<; D3:;:5=:$ '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ .P(PY/
Figure 8. Schematic overview of the position of the four points in the buffer where the saturation time is recorded in each model.
V5 U'243: - =E: ='7: =% 3:0&E 94<< ;0=430='%5 '5 =E: ;'N 7%$:<; B'=E K7 = 10−14 7b; 05$ 0 ;'52<: 930&=43: '; ;E%B5/ LE: ;0=430='%5 ='7:; 03: 30=E:3 <%52R B'=E 0 ='7: =% ;0=430='%5 %9 679 - 1 5798:03; 9%3 qU = 0.1 ib7'5 4D =% 2 035 - 2 551 8:03; BE:5 qU = 10−5 ib7'5/ U43=E:37%3:R '= &05 G: %G;:3K:$ =E0= =E: 3:;4<=; %9 =E: 7%$:<; B'=E qU e 0.1 05$ 10-3 ib7'5 03: 30=E:3 ;'7'<03R E:5&: '5 =E:;: &0;:; =E: G499:3 <'7'=; =E: 930&=43: 9<%B/
F5%=E:3 '7D%3=05= 0;D:&= E:3: '; BE:5 B: $:9'5: =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<: =% G: ;0=430=:$/ F; '; ;::5 '5 U'243: -R D%'5=; @ 05$ ) 03: '5 2:5:30< ;0=430=:$ 74&E 90;=:3 =E05 D%'5=; ( 05$ ./
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g: D
okum
entID
141
5879
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1.0
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tus
God
känt
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T:5&:R '9 B: $:9'5:$ =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: 0; =E: ='7: 45='< ;0=430='%5 [4;= 03%45$ =E: &05';=:3 =E: 3:;4<= B%4<$ G: 30=E:3 $'99:3:5= 93%7 '9 B: $:9'5: '= 0; =E: ='7: 45='< =E: G499:3 '5 =E: :5='3: $:D%;'='%5?E%<: '; ;0=430=:$/ U%<<%B'52 =E: D3%&:$43: 4;:$ '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY B: B'<< E:3: 4;: =E: <0==:3 $:9'5'='%5R '/:/ =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: '; $:9'5:$ 0; =E: ='7: '= =01:; =% ;0=430=: =E: G499:3 '5 =E: :5='3: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:/
Figure 9. Time to 99% saturation [ in years] in models with a matrix conductivity equal to 10−14 m/s and a fracture flow of qF = 0.1 L/min (qF1_I, qF1_H), qF=10−3 L/min (qF3_I, qF3_H) and qF=10−5 L/min (qF5_I, qF5_H). A description of the parameter variations between the models is shown in Table 1-5.
V5 U'243: (PR =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: $4: =% %5<8 70=3'N 9<%B '; ;E%B5 9%3 KS = 10−11, 10−12, 10−13 05$ 10−14 7b;/ ]5<8 =E: 7%$:<; B'=E 10−14 7b; B:3: $%5: 0; D03= %9 =E'; 3:D%3=R =E: 3:;4<=; 9%3 =E: %=E:3 ;'N &0;:; 03: =01:5 93%7 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY/ LE: 7%$:<; E0K: G::5 3:?507:$ =% 9'= =E: 5%7:5&<0=43: '5 =E'; 3:D%3=R 0<=E%42E =E:'3 %3'2'50< 507:; 03: 0<;% '5&<4$:$ '5 U'243: (P/ F; &05 G: ;::5 =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: ;&0<:; 30=E:3 B:<< B'=E =E: 70=3'N &%5$4&='K'=8R 0 $:&3:0;: %9 KS B'=E 0 90&=%3 %9 (P <:0$; =% 05 '5&3:0;: '5 ;0=430='%5 ='7: %9 3%42E<8 0 90&=%3 %9 (P/
V= '; 0<;% '7D%3=05= =% &%7D03: =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: 9%3 KS = 10−14 7 b; 05$ 5% 930&=43: W17 742 – 21 872Y B'=E =E: 70N'747 ;0=430='%5 ='7: ;::5 BE:5 '5&<4$'52 930&=43:; W1 941 – 2626 9%3 MU e (P?* ib7'5Y/ LE'; '5$'&0=:; =E0= =E: 70=3'N D<08; 0 K:38 ;70<< 3%<: '5 ;0=430='52 =E: G499:3 '5 =E: 930&=43: 7%$:<;/
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g: D
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entID
141
5879
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1.0
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tus
God
känt
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Figure 10. Time to reach 99% saturation [ in years] in the deposition-hole buffer in models with only matrix flow (i.e without a fracture). The models with matrix conductivity equal to 10!13 m/s and above were done as part of �kesson et al. (2010) and the results are taken directly from that report. The model identifiers used in that report are included inside parenthesis in the figure.
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Figure 11. Geometry used when modelling fracture wetting of the tunnel backfill. In this particular model the inter-fracture distance (L) was 6m. To achieve a relevant liquid pressure at the intersection of the no-flow boundary (r=10m) the fracture length is set to 80m. A more
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in-depth description of the geometry shown here and how it was constructed can be found in section 2.3 of �kesson et al. (2010).
!:K:30< $'99:3:5= 7%$:<; B:3: &%5;=34&=:$R K038'52 =E: 930&=43: E0<9 ;:D030='%5R L/2/ LE: K0<4:; %9 L/2 B:3: &E%;:5 ;% 0; =% 3:D3:;:5= =E: &474<0='K: $';=3'G4='%5 %9 L/2 Wf(L/2)R ;:: 3:$ ;%<'$ <'5: '5 U'243: @Y/ LE: K0<4:; %9 L/2 7%$:<<:$R 05$ =E: &%33:;D%5$'52 K0<4: %9 f(L/2) 03: <';=:$ '5 L0G<: (?I/ F; &05 G: ;::5 =E: $';=3'G4='%5 '; G:==:3 70DD:$ 9%3 f(L/2) > 0.80^ =E'; '; 7%='K0=:$ G8 =E: <032: K03'0='%5; '5 ;0=430='%5 ='7: '5 =E'; 3:2'%5/
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>:;4<=;LE: 3:;4<=; 93%7 =E: 7%$:<; B:3: M405='9':$ G8 7:0;43'52 =E: ='7: 45='< S< e P/-- 0= $';=05&: d7'5 93%7 =E: 930&=43: 0= r = 2.55 7 W'/:/ '5 =E: D:<<:=; &%<475Y/ T:3: d7'5 e n�6 7R BE:3: n2%:; 93%7 1 4D =% n70NR ;4&E =E0= (L/2 – 6) # n70Nf6 7 < L/2/ V5 =E: &0;:; BE:3: n70Nf d7'5 % L/2R =E: ='7: 45='< S< = 0.99 0= L/2 7 93%7 =E: 930&=43: '5 =E: D:<<:=; &%<475 Wr = 2.55 7Y B0; 0<;% 7:0;43:$ 05$ 3:&%3$:$/
V5 U'243: (.R =E: 3:;4<=; 93%7 7%$:<; B'=E qLU = 10!3 ib7'5 W;%<'$ <'5:;Y 05$ qLU = 0.( ib7'5 W$0;E:$ <'5:;Y 03: ;E%B5/ F; &05 G: ;::5R =E: 3:;4<=; 9%3 =E: =B% 930&=43: '59<%B; 03: 30=E:3 ;'7'<03/ LE: &04;: '; =E0= 9%3 ;4&E E'2E '59<%B;R =E: G:5=%5'=: <'7'=; =E: '59<%BR 0; '= :99:&='K:<8 0&=; 0; 0 ;:0< %5 =E: 930&=43:/
Figure 12. The graph shows the saturation time as a function of distance to the nearest fracture, for seven different fracture separations. Solid lines correspond to a fracture inflow (under atmospheric conditions) qLU = 0.1 L/min, and dashed lines to qLU=10-3 L/min.
u%= '5&<4$:$ '5 U'243: (. 03: =E: 3:;4<=; 93%7 =E: =E3:: 7%$:<; B'=E qLU e (Pg* ib7'5 W;:: L0G<: (?+Y/ U%3 ;4&E 0 <%B '59<%B %5: 7'2E= 0;;47: =E0= =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: '; :5='3:<8 &%5=3%<<:$ G8 =E: 9<%B '5 =E: 930&=43:R '/:/ =E: G:5=%5'=: &05R 0= 0<< ='7:; $43'52 =E: E8$30='%5 D3%&:;;R =01: '5 0<< =E: B0=:3 BE'&E =E: 930&=43: D3%K'$:; D:3 45'= ='7:/ T:5&:R =E: G499:3 $%:;
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BE:3: qLU '; 7:0;43:$ '5 45'=; %9 ib7'5/ V9 B: 0;;47: =E0= qLUR 0; 7:0;43:$ $43'52 0=7%;DE:3'& &%5$'='%5;R '; 45&E052:$ G8 =E: =455:< G0&19'<<R B: &05 =E4; &0<&4<0=: t! 2'K:5 qLU4;'52 :M40='%5 (?(,/
LE: 3:;4<=; 93%7 =E: =E3:: 7%$:<; B'=E qLU e (Pg* ib7'5 03: ;E%B5 '5 U'243: (@/ F<;% ;E%B5 '; =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: 9%3 :0&E K0<4: %9 L/2 0; &0<&4<0=:$ 4;'52 :M40='%5 (?(,/ F; '; ;::5R =E: 023::7:5= '; K:38 2%%$ G:=B::5 =E: 050<8='&0< ;%<4='%5 05$ =E: 547:3'&0< 7%$:<;/ LE'; 3:'59%3&:; =E: 0;;47D='%5 70$: BE:5 $:3'K'52 :M40='%5 (?(,R =E0= =E: 930&=43: 9<%BR 9%3 ;4&E <%B '59<%B;R '; 5%= ;'25'9'&05=<8 &E052:$ G8 =E: D3:;:5&: %9 =E: =455:< G0&19'<</
U43=E:37%3:R =E: 547:3'&0< ;'74<0='%5; B'=E qLU e (Pg* ib7'5 ;E%B =E0= =E: =455:< G0&19'<< 3:0&E:; 94<< ;0=430='%5 %5 0 30=E:3 ;'7'<03 ='7:?;&0<: 0= 0<< $';=05&:; 93%7 =E: 930&=43: W;:: U'243: (@YR E:5&: t! '; '5$:D:5$:5= %9 =E: $';=05&: d7'5 G:=B::5 =E: 930&=43: 05$ =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:R 05$ E:5&: =% 0 2%%$ 0DD3%N'70='%5 %5<8 $:D:5$; %5 =E: 930&=43: E0<9 ;:D030='%5R Lb./
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Figure 13. The graph shows the saturation time as a function of distance to the nearest fracture, for three different fracture separations. Solid lines correspond to a fracture inflow (under atmospheric conditions) of qLU = 0.1 L/min. The dashed line is an evaluation of equation 1-17, which is used to determine the saturation time at distance L/2 from the fracture.
LE: D:3E0D; G'22:;= <'7'=0='%5 %9 =E: 7%$:<; D3:;:5=:$ E:3: 05$ '5 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PYR B'=E 3:;D:&= =% &0<&4<0='52 =E: ;0=430='%5?='7: $';=3'G4='%5 '; =E0= B:R G:&04;: %9 =E: 0;;47:$ ;877:=38R 03: 5%= 0G<: =% $'3:&=<8 ;'74<0=: =E: ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;; G:=B::5 =B% 930&=43:; B'=E ;'25'9'&05=<8 $'99:3:5= '59<%B;/ LE'; '; 0 &%77%5 ;'=40='%5 '5 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<; 05$ 0; ;4&E 5::$; =% G: E05$<:$/
J%7D03'52 =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7:; 9%3 =E: ;07: K0<4:; %9 ib. 9%3 930&=43:; B'=E $'99:3:5= '59<%B; '= &05 &<:03<8 G: ;::5 =E0= =E: 7%$:<; B'=E qLU e (Pg@ ib7'5 WU'243: (.Y 03: ;0=430=:$ 74&E 90;=:3 =E05 =E: 7%$:<; B'=E qLU e (Pg* ib7'5 WU'243: (@Y/
LB% :N07D<:; %9 =E'; 03: ;E%B5 '5 U'243: ()/ V5 =E: <:9=?E05$ 230DER =E: 30='% %9 ;0=430='%5 ='7:; 9%3 7%$:<; B'=E 930&=43: '59<%B G:=B::5 qLU = 10!5 ib7'5 WG<4: <'5:Y ? 10!6 ib7'5 W3:$ <'5:Y 05$ qLU e 10!3 ib7'5 '; ;E%B5/ F; &05 G: ;::5R =E: $'99:3:5&: '5 ;0=430='%5 ='7: G:=B::5 =E: $'99:3:5= 930&=43:; '; 23:0=:;= 9%3 ;70<< K0<4:; %9 ib.R BE:3:0; '= $:&3:0;:; ;'25'9'&05=<8 0= <032:3 K0<4:;/
V5 =E: 3'2E=?E05$ 230DER =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: %9 7%$:<; B'=E qLU e 10!5 ib7'5 WG<4: <'5:;Y ?10!6 ib7'5 W3:$ <'5:;Y 03: ;E%B5R BE:3: t! E0K: G::5 5%370<';:$ =% =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: 93%7 =E: 7%$:< B'=E qLU e 10!3 ib7'5 05$ L/2 = 170 7 W$0;E:$ <'5:;Y 05$ L/2=260 7 W;%<'$ <'5:;Y/ LE: &3'='&0< D%'5= E:3: '; =E0= 9%3 930&=43:; B'=E qLU # 10!6 ib7'5 =E: '59<%B '; ;% <%B =E0= '9 0 930&=43: B'=E qLU # 10!3 ib7'5 '; D3:;:5= 058BE:3: '5 =E: =455:<R =E: <0==:3 B'<< ;:= =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: &<%;: =% =E: <%B?9<%B'52 930&=43:;R :K:5 '9 =E:;: 03: ;'=40=:$ %5<8 0 9:B 7:=:3; 0D03=/ U%3 930&=43:; B'=E qLU = 10!5 ib7'5 =E: ;'=40='%5 '; ;%7:BE0= 7%3: &%7D<'&0=:$R 0; =E:;:R '9 3:<0='K:<8 &<%;:<8 ;D0&:$R &05 $%7'50=: =E: ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;; '9 =E: E'2E?9<%B'52 930&=43: '; 903 0B08/
T%B:K:3R B: &05 &%5&<4$: =E0= 9%3 D0'3; %9 930&=43:; BE:3: %5: E0; 05 '59<%B %9 qLU & 10-3
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Figure 14. The left-hand graph shows the ratio of saturation times as function of L/2 for different fracture flows (blue lines: qU=10-5 L/min, red lines: qU=10-6 L/min). The right-hand graph shows the saturation time for a fracture with inflow qF, normalized to the saturation time measured for a fracture with qLU=10-3 L/min and L/2=170 m (solid lines) and L/2=260 m (dashed lines).
V5 =E: ;'=40='%5 BE:3: 5% E'2E?9<%B'52 930&=43:; 03: D3:;:5=R 05$ E:5&: =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: 0G%K: 0 $:D%;'='%5 E%<: ;'=40=:$ '5 G:=B::5 =B% <%B?9<%B'52 930&=43:; 5::$; =% G: &0<&4<0=:$R =E: 0DD3%0&E 4;:$ G:<%B '; =% =01: =E: 0K:302: '59<%B %9 =E: =B% 930&=43:; 05$ 4;: =E'; '5 :M40='%5 (?(,/
3:? B,5(*,7"(,.' .< 5)("*)(,.' (,&%5@)$%m;'52 =E: 7%$:< 3:;4<=; D3:;:5=:$ 0G%K: B: 03: 0G<: =% &%5;=34&= =E: :ND:&=:$ $';=3'G4='%5 %9 ;0=430='%5 ='7:;/ F; 0 G0;:<'5: B: 9'3;= &%5;=34&= =E: $';=3'G4='%5 0;;47'52 =E0= 5% 70=3'N 9<%B '; D3:;:5=/ V= '; &%5;=34&=:$ 4;'52 =E: 9%<<%B'52 0<2%3'=E7Z
(Y U%3 :0&E 930&=43: 3:0<';0='%5 W'/:/ =E: 9%43 $'99:3:5= :M4'?D3%G0G'<';='& 23%45$B0=:3 3:0<';0='%5; 3PR 3.R 3@ 05$ 3* '5 _%8&: := 0< .P(@Y 0<< $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 03: <%%D:$ %K:3
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''/ '9 =E:3: 03: 930&=43:; B'=E 05 '59<%B G:<%B 0.1 ib7'5R =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: t!cHTU '; =01:5 93%7 =E: 3:;4<=; %9 =E: &%33:;D%5$'52 J%$:c#3'2E= 7%$:<
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U%3 0 2'K:5 K0<4: %9 "mR =E: &474<0='K: $';=3'G4='%5R f(t!)R E0; =E: ;E0D: %9 =E: k]5<8 930&=43:;l $';=3'G4='%5 W23:8 ;%<'$ <'5:Y 9%3 t < t!(KS) R BE'<: 9%3 t ≥ t!(KS) '= :M40<; %5:/
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Figure 15. The solid grey line identifies the cumulative distribution of saturation times, f(t!), in the Forsmark repository calculated assuming no matrix flow. The colored lines identify the time interval within which all deposition holes will reach full saturation if the matrix hydraulic conductivity has the value K7e(P?:ND, where exp = {11, 12, 13, 14). The dashed black line identifies the distribution of saturation times if no flow resistance was present in the tunnels (see text).
U'50<<8R 2'K:5 =E: 30=E:3 <%52 ;0=430='%5 ='7:; %9 0 <032: 930&='%5 %9 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:;R '= &05 G: 4;:94< =% :;='70=: E%B M4'&1<8 =E: ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;; B%4<$ 2% '9 =E: B0=:3 :5=:3'52 =E: =455:<; K'0 930&=43:; E0$ $'3:&= 0&&:;; =% 0<< D03=; %9 =E: =455:< '5;=05=05:%4;<8/ F5 :N=3:7:<8 =305;7';;'K: 05$ 94<<8 &%55:&=:$ W0<%52 =E: =455:< 0N';Y CN&0K0='%5 H0702:$ j%5: WCHjY&%4<$ '5 =E:%38 <:0$ =% =E'; ;'=40='%5/ T%B:K:3R '5 U%3;7031 =E'; B'<< 5%= G: =E: &0;:R 0; =E: $:;'25 05$ &%5;=34&='%5 %9 =E: 3:D%;'=%38 B'<< 5%= 0<<%B 9%3 0 E'2E<8 &%55:&=:$ CHj =% G: D3:;:5=/ S%3: ;D:&'9'&0<<8 =E: &433:5= $:;'25 &3'=:3'0 ;D:&'98 =E0= =E: kCN&0K0='%5?'5$4&:$ $0702: ;E%4<$ G: <'7'=:$ 05$ 5%= 3:;4<= '5 0 &%55:&=:$ :99:&='K: =305;7';;'K'=8R 0<%52 0 ;'25'9'&05= D03= W'/:/ 0= <:0;= .P6@P 7Y %9 =E: $';D%;0< =455:< 05$ 0K:302:$ 0&3%;; =E: =455:< 9<%%3R E'2E:3 =E05 (P?+ 7.b;l W!"# .P(PGY/ F; 05 4DD:3 G%45$ %5 E%B 90;= 0<< $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; '5 =E:%38 &%4<$ G: ;0=430=:$ '= ';R E%B:K:3R ;='<< 05 '5=:3:;='52 :N:3&';:/
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9:3 /%$%X)'( <*)@("*% <$.A5 LE: 70'5 :99:&= %9 =E: E8$304<'& &%55:&='%5 '; E:3: 0;;47:$ =% G: =E0= =E: G499:3 '5 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 4D;=3:07; '5 =E: 930&=43: :99:&='K:<8 $3':; %4= =E: 930&=43:R ;'25'9'&05=<8 $:&3:0;'52 =E: 930&=43: 9<%B $%B5;=3:07/ L% 0DD3%N'70=:<8 M405='98 BE:5 =E'; :99:&= 708 G:&%7: '7D%3=05= B: 74;= <%%1 0= =B% 0;D:&=;Z
(Y The minimum required fracture flow: V5 %3$:3 9%3 =E: E8$304<'& &%55:&='%5 =% G: '7D%3=05= '= 74;= G: =E0= =E: 930&=43: '5=:3;:&='52 =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; E0K: 0 E'2E :5%42E 9<%B =% G: '7D%3=05= 9%3 =E: ;0=430='%5 %9 =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:/
.Y The maximum fracture flow that can be absorbed by a single deposition hole: V9 =E: 930&=43: 9<%B '; &%5;'$:30G<8 E'2E:3 =E05 =E: 9<%B BE'&E =E: G:5=%5'=: &05 =01: 4D D:3 45'= ='7:R =E: D%=:5='0< $:&3:0;: '5 930&=43: 9<%B $4: =% B0=:3 4D=01: '5 %=E:3 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; B'<< 5%= &E052: =E: E8$30='%5 :K%<4='%5 '5 =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<: &%5;'$:3:$/
a: 050<8;: =E:;: =B% <'7'=; %5 =E: 930&=43: 9<%B '5 943=E:3 $:=0'< G:<%B/
9:3:3 2;% &,',&"& *%6",*%- <*)@("*% <$.A F; 0 <%B:3 <'7'= %5 =E: 930&=43: 9<%B BE'&E '; '5=:3:;='52 '5 =E'; &%5=:N=R B: &05 &%7D03: =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: $4: =% 930&=43: 9<%B B'=E =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: $4: =% 70=3'N 9<%B/ LE: 7025'=4$: %9 =E: 70=3'N 9<%B '; ;:= G8 =E: E8$304<'& &%5$4&='K'=8 %9 =E: 70=3'N/ LE: 0&=40< K0<4: %9 =E: 70=3'N E8$304<'& &%5$4&='K'=8 '5 =E: U%3;7031 3:D%;'=%38 ';R E%B:K:3R 45&:3=0'5^ 0 =%D'& BE'&E B0; $';&4;;:$ '5 7%3: $:=0'< '5 ;:&='%5 (/. 0G%K:/ F; 0 3:9:3:5&: B: E:3: 0;;47: =E0=R %5 =E: ;&0<: 4;:$ '5 =E: J%$:c#3'2E= 7%$:<; %9 0 ;'52<: $:D%;'='%5 E%<: 0; D3:;:5=:$ '5 ;:&='%5 (/)/(R '= '; 5%= <%B:3 =E05 "7 e (Pg(@ 7b;/
LE: ;0=430='%5 ='7: 9%3 "7e(Pg(@ 7b; B0; &0<&4<0=:$ '5 L0;1 @ %9 X1:;;%5 := 0</ W.P(PY/ LE: ;0=430='%5 ='7: ';R E%B:K:3R 5%= 2'K:5 0; 0 ;'52<: K0<4:R G4= 30=E:3 0; 0 7'5'747 05$ 70N'747 ='7:R BE:3: =E: 45&:3=0'5=8 03';:; 93%7 =E: ;B:<<'52 %9 =E: G:5=%5'=:R BE'&E '; 5%= '5&<4$:$ '5 =E: 7%$:<;/ LE: ;0=430='%5 ='7: 9%3 "7 e (Pg(@ 7b; '; &0<&4<0=:$ =% G: G:=B::5 (),I 05$ (,IP 8:03;/
V5 ;:&='%5 (/)/(R =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: $4: =% 0 ;'52<: 930&=43: 9<%B '; &0<&4<0=:$/ V5 =E:;: 7%$:<;R =E: 70=3'N &%5$4&='K'=8 B0; ;:= :M40< =% "7e(Pg() 7b;/ !4&E 0 <%B K0<4: 7:05; =E0= =E: 70=3'N 9<%B '; :N=3:7:<8 ;70<<R B'=E%4= =E: D3:;:5&: %9 0 930&=43: '= 3:;4<=; '5 0 ;0=430='%5 ='7: G:=B::5 (, ,). 05$ .( +,@ 8:03;/ T:5&:R BE:5 '5&<4$'52 0 930&=43: '5 7%$:<; B'=E "7e(Pg() 7b; =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<: '; D3'703'<8 E8$30=:$ =E3%42E =E: 930&=43:/ LE: 3:;4<=; %9 =E:;: 7%$:<; 03:Z
rend
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g: D
okum
entID
141
5879
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1.0
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God
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"#,92 a3 ")12 *. aab $#*-+#*)./ )/ *=2 82<.$)*)./J=.92 ,-002+ O$22 #9$. $2:*)./ !3T3!P3
K7 n7b;] qURP(Y nib7'5] t! n8:03;]
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(Pg() (Pg* ( -)P/+ 6 . I.*/-(Y LE: 930&=43: 9<%B 0; 7:0;43:$ $43'52 0=7%;DE:3'& &%5$'='%5; '5 =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:.Y u% 930&=43: B0; '5&<4$:$ '5 =E:;: 7%$:<;
LE: 3:;4<=; ;E%B =E0= '5 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; B'=E 930&=43: '59<%B; <:;; =E05 (Pg@ ib7'5 W45$:3 0=7%;DE:3'& &%5$'='%5;YR =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: '; ;'7'<03 =% =E0= %9 0 $:D%;'='%5 E%<: BE'&E '; 5%= '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 0 930&=43:R G4= BE:3: K7 = 10−13 7b;/ LE4;R '5 =E:;: E%<:; =E: :99:&= %9 058 &%55:&='%5; B'=E %=E:3 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; $%:; 5%= ;'25'9'&05=<8 &E052: =E: ;0=430='%5 :K%<4='%5/
9:3:9 2;% &)h,&"& <*)@("*% <$.A V5 =E: &0;: %9 E'2E 930&=43: 9<%B;R =E: G:5=%5'=: B'<< K:38 M4'&1<8 3:0&E 94<< ;0=430='%5 [4;= '5 93%5= %9 =E: 930&=43:/ F9=:3 =E0= =E: '59<%B 93%7 =E: 930&=43: &055%= D3%&::$ 90;=:3 =E05 =E: 30=: 0= BE'&E B0=:3 &05 G: =305;D%3=:$ '5;'$: =E: G:5=%5'=: =% 45;0=430=:$ D03=; %9 =E: G499:3/ LE'; :99:&='K:<8 D4=; 0 <'7'= %5 =E: 70N'747 '59<%B =E0= 0 930&=43: &05 D3%K'$: $43'52 =E: ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;; %9 =E: G499:3/ LE'; :99:&= '; &<:03<8 ;::5 '5 =E: 7%$:< 3:;4<=; D3:;:5=:$ '5 L0G<: -/ LE: ;0=430='%5 ='7: '5 =E: D3:;:5&: %9 0 930&=43: B'=E '59<%B W45$:3 0=7%;DE:3'& &%5$'='%5;Y %9 P/( ib7'5 '; K:38 ;'7'<03 =% =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: '5 =E: D3:;:5&: %9 0 930&=43: B'=E '59<%B :M40< =% P/PP( ib7'5/ LE'; &05 G: 943=E:3 ;::5 '9 B: D<%= =E: K%<47:=3'& <'M4'$ 9<4N =E3%42E =E: 930&=43: 93%7 0<< =E3:: 930&=43: 7%$:<; '5&<4$:$ '5 L0G<: -^ =E'; '; ;E%B5 '5 U'243: (I/ LE: <'M4'$ 9<4N '; 0<7%;= '$:5='&0< '5 =E: =B% 7%$:<; B'=E qURP e P/( 05$ (Pg@
ib7'5R BE:3:0; '= '; &%5;'$:30G<8 <%B:3 '5 =E: 7%$:< B'=E qURP e (Pg* ib7'5/ LE'; ;422:;=; =E0= =E: '59<%B '; <'7'=:$ G8 =E: G:5=%5'=: '5 =E: 9'3;= =B% &0;:;R G4= 5%= '5 =E: <0==:3/
U43=E:37%3:R '= &05 G: 5%=:$ =E0= =E: '59<%B '5=% =E: G:5=%5'=: '; ;'25'9'&05=<8 <%B:3 =E05 =E: %D:5 930&=43: '59<%B '5 =E: 7%$:<; B'=E MURP v (Pg@ ib7'5R E:5&: ;4&E 930&=43:; ;E%4<$ 5%= $38 %4= :K:5 '9 &%55:&=:$ =% 74<='D<: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:;/
9:3:K /)'1% .< *%$%X)'( .#%' <*)@("*% ,'<$.A5a: 708 =E4; &%5&<4$: =E0= =E: &0;: BE:3: 0 930&=43: '5=:3;:&=; 74<='D<: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; &05 %5<8 E0K: 0 ;'25'9'&05= :99:&= %5 =E: ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;; '9 =E: 930&=43: 9<%BR 0; 7:0;43:$ $43'52 %D:5 &%5$'='%5;R '; 0DD3%N'70=:<8 G:=B::5 (Pg@ 05$ (Pg) ib7'5R 0;;47'52 =E0= "7 v (Pg(@ 7b; '5 =E: U%3;7031 3:D%;'=%38R 0; '; '5$'&0=:$ G8 7:0;43:7:5=; %9 =E: E8$304<'& &%5$4&='K'=8 %9 G%3: E%<: ;07D<:; =01:5 0= =E: ;'=: Wd'<1; .PP,Y/
rend
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g: D
okum
entID
141
5879
, Ver
sion
1.0
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tus
God
känt
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rete
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Öpp
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@P
Figure 16. The flow through the fracture as function of time after installation of the buffer in the Code_Bright models discussed in section 1.4.1.
9:9 V*%X)$%'@% .< ;+-*)"$,@)$$+ @.''%@(%- -%#.5,(,.' ;.$%5L% 45$:3;=05$ E%B &%77%5 '= B'<< G: =E0= ;:K:30< $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 03: '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 0 2'K:5 930&=43:R B: &05 4;: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<; %9 =E: U%3;7031 3:D%;'=%38/ V5 =E:;:R 0 930&=43: 5:=B%31 E0; G::5 2:5:30=:$ 2'K:5 =E: $0=0 %G=0'5:$ 93%7 =E: ;4390&:?G0;:$ ;'=: '5K:;='20='%5; 0= U%3;7031/ T:3: =E: 930&=43: 3:0<';0='%5; 3PR 3.R 3@ 05$ 3* WBE'&E 03: :M4'?D3%G0G'<';='& 3:0<';0='%5; %9 =E: ;07: HUuY 93%7 _%8&: := 0</ W.P(@Y E0K: G::5 4;:$/ S%3: ;D:&'9'&0<<8 B: 4;: =E: '59<%B; 05$ ;=0=';='&; %5 930&=43:; '5=:3;:&='52 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 93%7 =E:;: 9%43 3:0<';0='%5;/
F 9'3;= :;='70=: %9 =E: D3:K0<:5&: %9 E8$304<'&0<<8 &%55:&=:$ $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; '; 2'K:5 G8 =E: 930&='%5 %9 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; =E0= 03: '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 %5: %3 7%3: 930&=43:;/ L01'52 0<< =E: $0=0 0K0'<0G<: 93%7 =E: 23%45$B0=:3 7%$:<;R 5:2<:&='52 CHj 930&=43:;R 05$ :N&<4$'52 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; =E0= ;E03: 0 930&=43: B'=E 9%43 %3 7%3: %=E:3 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; '5 =E: ;07: $:D%;'='%5 =455:< W0; 7%='K0=:$ G8 =E: CN=:5$:$ U4<< O:3'7:=:3 V5=:3;:&='%5 J3'=:3'%5Y B: 9'5$ =E0= 0G%4= (Ph %9 0<< $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 03: '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 930&=43:;/
T%B:K:3R 0; B: 03: %5<8 3:0<<8 &%5&:35:$ B'=E 930&=43:; BE:3: (Pg) w MU w (Pg@ ib7'5R =E'; 930&='%5 90<<; =% ./Ih/ T0<9 W(/@hY %9 =E:;: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 03: '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 0 930&=43: BE'&E '5=:3;:&=; 0= <:0;= %5: %3 ;:K:30< $:D%;'='%5 E%<:;/
9:K T<<%@( .< ;+-*)"$,@ @.''%@(,.'5LE: 930&='%5 %9 099:&=:$ $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; W(/@hY '; =E4; ;70<< :5%42E =E0= :K:5 '9 =E: :99:&= %5 =E:'3 ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;; B:3: ;'25'9'&05=R =E: $';=3'G4='%5 %9 ;0=430='%5 ='7:; B%4<$ E03$<8 G: 099:&=:$/
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entID
141
5879
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1.0
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i%%1'52 0= =E: :99:&= %5 =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7: 9%3 05 '5$'K'$40< $:D%;'='%5 E%<: B: &05 020'5 &%5;'$:3 =E: 547G:3; '5 L0G<: -/ F $:D%;'='%5 E%<: '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 0 ;'52<: 930&=43: B'=E 0 9<%B %9 MUe(Pg@ ib7'5 '; ;0=430=:$ 0G%4= =B'&: 0; 90;= 0; &%7D03:$ =% =E: &0;: B'=E 5% 930&=43: G4=B'=E 0 3%&1 70=3'N &%5$4&='K'=8 %9 "7e(Pg(@ 7b;/ T:5&:R 9%3 0 2'K:5 $:D%;'='%5 E%<: '5=:3;:&=:$ G8 0 930&=43: BE'&E 0<;% '5=:3;:&=; %=E:3 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:;R =E: 70N'747 :99:&=R BE'&E %&&43; '9 0 3:<0='K:<8 E'2E 9<%B'52 930&=43: WMUe(Pg@ ib7'5Y '; :5='3:<8 $3':$ %4= G8 =E: G499:3 '5 %=E:3 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; 05$ E:5&: 0<< =E: B0=:3 :5=:3; K'0 70=3'N 9<%BR '; 0= 7%;= 0$%4G<'52 %9 =E: ;0=430='%5 ='7:/
LE: :99:&= %9 E8$304<'& &%55:&='%5; G:=B::5 $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; '; =E4;R '5 =E: 7%;= :N=3:7: &0;:R =E0= =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; '5 M4:;='%5 03: ;0=430=:$ K'0 70=3'N %3 =E3%42E =455:< G0&19'<< 9<%B 30=E:3 =E05 =E3%42E 930&=43: 9<%B/ !'5&:R 0; '; $';&4;;:$ '5 JE0D=:3 (R =E: 70[%3'=8 %9 =E: $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; '5 =E: U%3;7031 3:D%;'=%38 B'<< G: ;0=430=:$ K'0 70=3'N 9<%B %3 G8 B0=:3 :5=:3'52 K'0 =E: =455:< G0&19'<<R $:D%;'='%5 E%<:; B'=E E8$304<'& &%55:&='%5;R BE:3: =E: ;0=430='%5 D3%&:;; '; ;<%B:$ $%B5 ;'25'9'&05=<8R B'<< G:E0K: 0; '9 =E:8 G:<%52 =% %5: %9 =E:;: &0=:2%3':; '5;=:0$/
rend
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entID
141
5879
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1.0
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tus
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känt
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Öpp
en
!"#$%& '$ ()(*+,-
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6c%1#+% 6F @c//AD)$* KF Id9*= eF &M!M3 LTS?';;4:; '5 3:D%;'=%38 3%&1/ LE:370<R 7:&E05'&0<R =E:37%?7:&E05'&0< 05$ E8$3%?7:&E05'&0< :K%<4='%5 %9 =E: 3%&1 0= =E: U%3;7031 05$ i0N:703 ;'=:;/ mD$0=:$ .P((?(PR !"# L>?(P?.@R !K:5;1 "x35G3x5;<:E05=:3'52 F#
f.7:2 gF g)1<$./ "F 6#+*927 @F U<<92B#*2 (F 6.2% fF f#:%$./ RF g;#/ (Fh K#+$): iF I.99)/ gF &M!M3 A3%45$B0=:3 9<%B 7%$:<<'52 %9 D:3'%$; B'=E =:7D:30=43: &<'70=: &%5$'='%5; ? U%3;7031/ mD$0=:$ .P(@?P+R !"# >?P-?.PR !K:5;1 "x35G3x5;<:E05=:3'52 F#/
f.7:2 gF g;#/ (F 6#+*927 @F &M!43 J0<&4<0='%5 %9 %D:5 3:D%;'=%38 '59<%B; 9%3 U%3;7031/ !"# >?(@?.(R !K:5;1 "x35G3x5;<:E05=:3'52 F#/
g[eF &M!M#3 H:;'25R D3%$4&='%5 05$ '5'='0< ;=0=: %9 =E: G0&19'<< 05$ D<42 '5 $:D%;'='%5 =455:<;/ !"# L>?(P?(IR !K:5;1 "x35G3x5;<:E05=:3'52 F#/
g[eF &M!M,3 H:;'25R &%5;=34&='%5 05$ '5'='0< ;=0=: %9 =E: 45$:323%45$ %D:5'52;/ !"# L>?(P?(+R !K:5;1 "x35G3x5;<:E05=:3'52 F#/
gD2/$$./ jF I.99)/ gF &M!M3 A3%45$B0=:3 9<%B 7%$:<<'52 %9 =E: :N&0K0='%5 05$ %D:30='%50< DE0;:; ? U%3;7031/ mD$0=:$ .P(@?P+/ !"# >?P-?(-R !K:5;1 "x35G3x5;<:E05=:3'52 F#/
G)9%$ RF &MMY3 U%3;7031 ;'=: '5K:;='20='%5 6 >%&1 70=3'N D:37:0G'<'=8 7:0;43:7:5=; %5 &%3: ;07D<:; 93%7 G%3:E%<: "USP(H/ !"# O?P,?(I.R !K:5;1 "x35G3x5;<:E05=:3'52 F#/
N%2$$./ KF [+)$*2/$$./ ZF ec+B2$$./ @F (-2:% UF 62+/29)/8 fF &M!M3 LTS 7%$:<'52 %9 G499:3R G0&19'<< 05$ %=E:3 ;8;=:7 &%7D%5:5=; 6 J3'='&0< D3%&:;;:; 05$ ;&:503'%;/ !"# L>?(P?((R!K:5;1 "x35G3x5;<:E05=:3'52 F#/
rend
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g: D
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entID
141
5879
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1.0
, Sta
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känt
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sskl
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Öpp
en
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entID
141
5879
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1.0
, Sta
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God
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Öpp
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r end
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g: D
okum
entID
141
5879
, Ver
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1.0
, Sta
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