- To give credit to the author of your source - To help locate the original documents - To give your writing credibility - To avoid plagiarism.

MAKING SENSEOF CITINGSOURCES

WHY DO WE CITE SOURCES?

- To give credit to the author of your source

- To help locate the original documents

- To give your writing credibility

- To avoid plagiarism

Using any information that is not common knowledge from any source, and not giving credit through properly formatted citation.

If you plagiarize in your paper, you are cheating. As such, you will receive a grade

of zero points on this assignment!

WHAT EXACTLY IS PLAGIARISM?

HOLY CRAP! HOW CAN I AVOID THIS? HOW CAN I AVOID

PLAGIARISM?

WHAT NEEDS TO BE CITED?

1. Direct quotations

2. Paraphrases

What’s the difference? Let’s look at some examples.

DIRECTQUOTATIONS

Jane Doe spent most of her life as a recluse in her home, but she occasionally ventured out to parties where she let her

hair down and danced on tables. (from a book by Lola Boltjes)

Jane Doe spent most of her life as a recluse.

Is this the proper way to cite?

No. Though the entire line is not used, it is the author’s idea and an exact quote. It needs to be enclosed in quotation marks and cited.

Jane Doe spent most of her life as a recluse in her home, but she occasionally ventured out to parties where she let her

hair down and danced on tables. (from a book by Lola Boltjes)

Jane Doe spent most of her life as a recluse in her home, but she occasionally ventured out to parties where she let her hair down and danced on tables (Boltjes 259).

Is this the proper way to cite?

No. This does cite the source, but the exact words are used, and they are not enclosed in quotation marks.

Jane Doe spent most of her life as a recluse in her home, but she occasionally ventured out to parties where she let her

hair down and danced on tables. (from a book by Lola Boltjes)

“Jane Doe spent most of her life as a recluse in her home, but she occasionally ventured out to parties where she let her hair down and danced on tables” (Boltjes, 259).

Is this the proper way to cite?

YES!

Quotations Marks!

Author’s Last Name!

Comma!

Page Number!

Period!

Be careful though. If more than 20 percent of your paper is quotes, which is someone’s exact words,

then that’s too much! You want your paper to contain your writing. Too many quotes in a paper take away

from the writer’s voice.

If you have a direct quote that is more than four lines in length, you need to set that quote off from the rest of your text.At the end of Edgar Allen Poe’s The Telltale Heart, the author’s calm façade steadily deteriorates:

The officers were satisfied. My MANNER had convinced them. I was singularly at ease. They sat and while I answered cheerily, they

chatted of familiar things. But, ere long, I felt myself getting pale and wished them gone. My head ached, and I fancied a ringing in my ears; but still they sat, and still chatted. The ringing became more distinct: I talked more freely to get rid of the feeling: but it continued and gained definitiveness -- until, at length, I found that the noise was NOT within my ears. (Poe, 247)

Notice the punctuation. What’s there? What’s not there?

PARAPHRASES

What you write conveys the meaning of the quote, but it is not too close to the author’s original words, and it is cited

correctly.

WHAT EXACTLY IS PARAPHRASING?

Original quote: “Jane Doe spent most of her life as a recluse in her home, but she occasionally ventured out to parties where she let her hair down and danced on tables” (Boltjes, 259).

Paraphrase: Although Jane Doe didn’t leave the house much, she did like to party every once in awhile (Boltjes, 259).

AN EXAMPLE OF PARAPHRASING

1) Read the passage and make sure you understand its meaning

2) Think about how the passage relates to your paper

3) Turn the paper over and write the main idea in your own words on a note card (for more information on using note cards for you research paper, see the Writing Center’s handout on note taking)

4) Reread the quote making sure that you have not kept the same structure nor merely changed a few words

THE KEYS TO SUCCESSFUL PARAPHRASING

MAKE SURE YOUPROPERLY CITEYOUR SOURCESTHROUGHOUTYOUR PAPER!

When you’re all done with your paper you need to create a….

BIBLIOGRAPHY / WORKS CITED

PAGE

An alphabetized list of all sources that are referenced in your essay. It contains all the

information that your reader needs to locate the sources cited in your essay.

WHAT IS A WORKS CITED PAGE?

Works Cited

Brindle, Reginald Smith. “The Search Outwards: The Orient, Jazz, Archaisms.” The New Music: The Avant-Garde since 1945. New York: Oxford UP, 1975. 133-45.

Burnett, James. “Ellington’s Place as a Composer.” Gammond 141-55.

Duke Ellington’s Washington. 2002. Estate of Mercer K. Ellington. 3 June 2002 <http://

www.dukeellington.com/>.

WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO INCLUDE FOR EACH SPECIFIC SOURCE

(BOOK, ARTICLE, NEWSPAPER, WEBSITE, ETC…?

- Use EasyBib! www.easybib.com

- If you have questions, ASK!!

HOW ARE WE GOING TO PROCEED WITH THIS RESEARCH PAPER?

- You should all have a research question to work on.

- Your job is to find the information that will allow you to answer your question. You won’t know what the answer is, until you’ve looked in multiple places (websites, books, databases, academic journals, primary sources, etc..)

- Once you have arrived at a basic answer, you can craft your thesis statement. Once you have a thesis statement, you can write your paper.

IN ORDER TO LET YOU DO A GOOD JOB, WE NEED TO MODIFY OUR SCHEDULE:

Originally you needed to have a thesis statement approved by the end of the period today.

That’s not really enough time to do the amount of research necessary to give a quality answer to your research question.

So, you will have time in the computer lab today to work. If you all work hard for the vast majority of the period, you will have time in the lab on Friday as well. If you don’t work hard, we’ll move on to other things on Friday. Friday will be the last day for working on this in class.

Then, you will need to turn in a completed paper outline / graphic organizer one week from today for a possible 20 points in the gradebook.

SO, WHAT IS YOUR JOB TODAY?- Continue doing research. What is the one sentence answer to your research question? This one sentence will then become your thesis statement.

- Collect the historical evidence that you will use in your paper to prove that your answer is the right one. Be sure to copy down the bibliographic information of the sources you use!

- Papers are still due on April 30!

- Use your time wisely!! If you work hard, you’ll get more time on Friday. Don’t be the person that blows it for the rest of the class!