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JAILS:JAILS:

Way Stations Along the Justice HighwayPhoto © Corbis, used with permission.

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It takes two years for the nation’s state and federal prison population to turn over once, while the jail population turns over 20 times each year.

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JAILS: Locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before or after conviction.

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TOTAL ADMISSION: The total number of people admitted to jail each year.

AVERAGE DAILY POPULATION: The number of people confined on a specific day.

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FIRST-GENERATION JAILFIRST-GENERATION JAIL

Jail with multiple-occupancy cells or dormitories that line corridors arranged like spokes. Inmate supervision is intermittent; staff must patrol the corridors to observe inmates in their cells.

Photo © Corbis, used with permission.

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SECOND-GENERATION JAILSECOND-GENERATION JAIL

Jail where staff remain in a secure control booth surrounded by inmate housing areas called pods and surveillance is remote.

Photo © Corbis, used with permission.

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THIRD-GENERATION JAILTHIRD-GENERATION JAIL

Sometimes called a direct-supervision jail, a jail where inmates are housed in small groups, or pods, staffed 24 hours a day by specially trained officers. Officers interact with inmates to help change behavior. Bars and metal doors are absent, reducing noise and dehumanization.

Photo © Corbis, used with permission.

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CATEGORY PERCENTAGE Male 88.4 Female 11.6

White 43.8 Black 39.8 Hispanic 14.7 Other 1.6

Convicted 60.0 Unconvicted 40.0

Adults 98.6 Juveniles 1.2

JAIL INMATES:JAIL INMATES: SELECTED CHARACTERISTICSSELECTED CHARACTERISTICS

Gender

Race

Status

Age Group

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RATED CAPACITY: The number of beds or inmates a rating official assigns to a correctional facility.

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RELEASE ON BAIL: The release of a person upon that person’s financial guarantee to appear in court.

RELEASE ON RECOGNIZANCE: Pretrial release on the defendant’s promise to appear for trial. It requires no cash guarantee.

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CITATION: Nonfinancial pretrial release similar to a traffic ticket. It binds the defendant to appear in court on a future date.

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SUPERVISED PRETRIAL RELEASE: Nonfinancial pretrial release with more restrictive conditions (e.g., participating in therapeutic or rehabilitative programs, reporting to a pretrial officer, and checking in regularly).

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CONDITIONAL RELEASE: Pretrial release under minimal or moderately restrictive conditions with little monitoring of compliance. It includes ROR, supervised pretrial release, and third-party release.

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ACCREDITATION: Process by which correctional facilities and agencies can measure themselves against nationally adopted standards and through which they can receive formal recognition and accredited status.

JAIL ACCREDITATION: Formal approval of a jail by the American Correctional Association (ACA) and the Commission on Accreditation.

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JAIL INCARCERATION RATES, 1990JAIL INCARCERATION RATES, 1990–2002–2002

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The 25 Largest Local Jail Jurisdictions, MidThe 25 Largest Local Jail Jurisdictions, Mid–2002–2002

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PRIVATIZATION: A contract process that shifts public functions, responsibilities, and capital assets, in whole or in part, from the public sector to the private sector.

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A county must ascertain changing jail usage and the forces at play in its jail system before it can implement effective programs and measures—including the construction of new jails—to alleviate overcrowding.

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