. M1(1) Articles: a/an-t a/ an ره ک ن ی ره ک ن ک یa book an apple a bag He wrote a letter to his friend. عادل م ی بØ ت ل در حا ی کلA lion is a dangerous animal. A teacher should be active in the class. A student should study hard.
Jan 03, 2016
.
M1(1) Articles: a/an-theM1(1) Articles: a/an-the
a/an نکره ی
نکره یک a book an apple a bag
He wrote a letter to his friend.
بی معادل Ø حالت در.A lion is a dangerous animalکلی
A teacher should be active in the class.A student should study hard.
.
M1(1) Articles: a/an-theM1(1) Articles: a/an-the
The بی معادل Ø اشاره صفات وآن این - موردنظر- یادشده فوق – -مذکور فوق
الذکر
Our teacher asked us a question.The question was difficult.__________________________________
A most important rule
The biggest book
.
The very ،همان همین
I’ve read the very book.
before my very eyes
___ ____ M1 N
.
Some + مقداری
تعدادی -چند
some water some students ___ ____ M1 N
I’ve bought some bread.
Some students study hard.
Would you like some coffee?
Would you give me some examples?
_________ NP
.
Some book + نکره ی اسم
some wire some white wire ___ ____ M1 N
Some white wire should be placed there.
Some one Some body Some thing Some time Some times _________________________________
Some 500 students
_________ NP
حدود.
.
Many, Both, Several Many birds areBoth classes areSeveral boys are____________________________
Many
زیادی تعداد) از)) از ) .There are many birds on the tree بسیاری
Many birds sing beautifully.
He has many friends.
Many of the students went.
.
Either, Neither دو از یک هردو از یک هیچ
Either apple is Neither apple is
___ ____ M1 N
_________ NP
Either way is possible.Neither answer is correct.
Either student is smart.Neither student is smart.
Both, Either, Neither 1. both….and either…or neither…nor2. M1
.
No Ø + نکره ینکره + ی هیچ
No book is on the table.No books are on the table.No water is in the glass.____________________________
All – – . تماِم ی همهکِل.
All (the) book is
All (the) books are
All (the) water is
.
Less کمتری مقدار
1. M1 less water ___ ____ M1 N _________
NP
2. Adv less warm ___ _____ adv adj
less big apples
less important problem
less warm water
.
less pure gold
the less easy exercise
2. Adv less warm
صفت + 1 کمترتر + 2 عکس صفت
Less contaminated water
Less beautiful birds
.
Most – – – قسمت اکثر. غالِب. بیشترِ عمده
most water most books ___ ____ M1 N _________
NP
the most beautiful ______ _______ adv adj
most important problems
most important book *
a lot of , lots of , plenty ofزیادی تعداد
زیادی )از( مقدار
We have lots of water to survive in this desert.
These were a lot of people in the party last night.
Few, a few, very few, quite a few
تعداد – – – کمی بسیار تعداد تعدادی کمی تعداد بسیاری
She thinks that it’s better to have few close friends,
than lots of acquaintance.
Little, a little, very little, quite a little کمی – – – بسیار مقدار مقداری کمی مقدار
بسیاری مقدارI’ve put a little sugar into your coffee.
Deserts receive little rain.
.
-driven electricitydriven car
-centered humancenterd
-led studentled demonstration
-poor Oxygenpoor soil
-rich Oxygenrich air
-ory introductory (observatory)
-ary elementary (dictionary)
.
M1 M2 M3 N M4 M5 M6 M7M1 M2 M3 N M4 M5 M6 M7
M5 Prepositional Phrase
PP → Prep NP in the garden __ __ _____ Prep M1 N ___________ PP
The tree in the garden ___ ___ ___________ M1 N PP (M5) _____________________
NP
.
A book on history
A beautiful letter from my friend
Some delicious food in the refrigerator
1. Translation (3) V- -Np Np-
We got interested in such huge organic molecules
A detailed theoretical research on wild animals
on a cold night
.
M1 M2 M3 N M4 M5 M6 M7M1 M2 M3 N M4 M5 M6 M7
M7 Relative Clause (RC)
RC → Relative Pronouns + Sentence Relative Pronouns
↓Wh + That (but While)
The man who is playing golfThe man who is playing golfThe man who is playing golf NP RC
Relative Clause → ? → M7
Passive voice
The apple was eaten شد خورده .سیِب
The apple was eaten by Sara
Sara ate the apple.
توسط شد خورده سیِب.سارا
سازی : خورد معلوِم را سیِب سارا .
و سازی معلوِمسازی : سارا برجسته را سیِب
.خورد
The apple can be eaten خورده تواند می سیِب .شود
Sara can eat the apple.
The apple can be eaten by sara.
و سازی معلوِمسازی : توان برجسته می را سیِب
.خورد
: سازی را سارا معلوِم سیِب تواند میو .بخورد سازی معلوِم
سازی : سارا : برجسته را تواند سیِب می.بخورد
توسط شود خورده تواند می سیِب .سارا
It can be explained in a better way.
It must be kept in a cool place.
دارند -4 یکسان شکِل که هایی صفت و ها .قید Hard
A hard exam I study hard. _ ___ ____ ___ M1 M2 N Adv
Long
_ ___ ___ ___ M1 M2 N Adv
A long trip It was long believed that....
FastA fast car I drive fast. _ ___ __ ___
M1 M2 N Adv
Late his late wife I got up late. __ __ ___ ___
M1 M2 N Adv
Early
___ ___ ___ M2 N Adv
early men I get up early every day
SC I called him yesterday.
Yesterday, I called him.
I called him yesterday.
Yesterday, I called him.
I called him when you asked me.
When you asked me, I called him.
I called him when you asked me.
When you asked me, I called him.
_______________ SC
_______________ SC
When you asked me, I called him.
When you asked me, I called him.
WhenWheneverWhile
WhereWherever
BecauseSinceAs
ifEven ifEven thoughUnlessProvidedProviding
althoughThoughWhilewhereas
As ifAs though
As much asAs long asAs far asAs soon asNo sooner than
In that
So thatSuch that
Lestwhilst
:قید ها در فارسی
1. Bقیدهای تنوین دار عربی: B – ثانیا B - اتفاقا مثًالB B – گاها B – دوما B – زبانا ناچارا :قیدهای مشتق فارسی .2- اسم یا صفت + پسوند انه : شجاعانه- بن مضارع + ان : خندان , گریان- اسم + پسوند اسا, وار, گونه- به + اسم یا صفت : به سرعت
دیروز- امروز – اکنونقید های بدون عالمت : .3تند – خوب – راحتبا سرعت زیاد- در خانه آن گروه حرف اضافه : .4مرد)در( ماه گذشتهگروه اسمی : .5 بند وابسته .6
Ali went quickly.
: چند نکته درباره قیدها
1نکته :
Considerably – astonishingly – increasingly –
surprisingly – horribly – strikingly – tragically –
dramatically – terribly
A tragically funny movieA dramatically interesting book