is the restoration of health, functional status and disability, which violated by disease, injury, or physical, chemical, and social factors. Definition.

General Questions

of Rehabilitation

is the restoration of health, functional status and disability, which violated by disease, injury, or physical, chemical, and social factors.

Definition of rehabilitation of the World Health Organization (WHO):

Rehabilitation is a set of activities designed to

ensure that persons with disabilities as a

result of diseases, injuries and birth defects

adaptation to new conditions of life in the

society in which they live.

REHABILITATION From the Latin: habilis - «ability», rehabilis - «restoration of ability“

effective and early return of sick and disabled for

household and labor processes in society, restoration

of personal properties of rights

According to WHO

The rehabilitation is a process aimed at

comprehensive assistance to the sick and disabled to

achieve their maximum potential in this disease is

physical, mental, vocational, social and economic

usefulness.

The purpose of rehabilitation

recovery the patient's health through the integrated use of various tools designed to maximize the recovery of disturbed physiological functions of the body, and in failing to achieve this - and the development of compensatory substitution devices (functions).

The first and main line of rehabilitation (medical and physical)

correspond to the three classes of consequences of disease:

1) Medical and biological effects of diseases that are to deviations from the normal morphofunctional status – medical rehabilitation;

2) reduction of work capacity or operability in the broad sense – work

rehabilitation; 3) Social disadaptation - broken links with

the family and society - social rehabilitation.

Three types of rehabilitation (medical, labor, social)

full restoration of the functional

capabilities of the various systems of

the body and musculoskeletal system,

and the development of compensatory

adaptations to the conditions of

everyday life and work

The main task of medical rehabilitation is

recovery of domestic capabilities of the patient, i.e., the ability of mobility, self-care and the implementation of a simple homework;

restoration of working capacity, i.e. disabled lost skills through the use and development of the musculoskeletal system functionality;

preventing the development of pathological processes that lead to temporary or permanent disability, i.e. implementation of secondary prevention.

For special problems of rehabilitation include:

Necessary to observe following physiologically sound pedagogical principles:

1. Individual approach to the patient. When designing a rehabilitation program must take into account age, sex, profession of the patient, his experience of the motor, the nature and extent of the pathologic process, the functionality of the patient.

2. Consciousness. Only a conscious and active participation of the patient in the rehabilitation process creates the necessary psycho-emotional background and psychological mood rehabilitated, which increases effectiveness of these rehabilitation.

The main means of physical rehabilitation are exercise and elements of the sport

is especially important with increasing physical activity in all its parameters:

volume, intensity, number of exercises, number of repetitions, as the complexity of the exercises within

the same class, and throughout the rehabilitation process.

3. The principle of gradualism

4. Regularity - the basis of rehabilitative training during the rehabilitation process, sometimes flowing to several months or years.

5. Cyclicity. Work-rest cycle with observance optimal interval (rest between the two exercise, or between two classes).

6. Systemic exposure (or serialization), i.e. sequential alternation starting positions and exercises for different muscle groups.

7. Novelty and diversity in the selection and application of exercise, i.e. 10-15% of the exercise should be updated, and 85-90% for repeated successes securing treatment.

8. Moderation effects by means of physical rehabilitation means that the exercise should be moderate, perhaps more prolonged, or load must be fractional, thus achieving the adequacy of the patient load.

Early initiation of rehabilitation

Rehabilitation can not be used:

in a very serious condition of the patient, high temperature, severe intoxication , severe cardiovascular and pulmonary failure, a sharp oppression adaptive and compensatory

mechanisms.

However, this is not entirely true , as some of the Rehabilitation, for example inflating balls,

appointed in acute postoperative period sufficiently serious condition of the patient, but it

serves to prevent congestive pneumonia.

Principles of medical and physical rehabilitation

The basic principles of rehabilitation include:

Problems of medical rehabilitation are complex and require collaboration of many professionals:

physicians, surgeons, trauma surgeons, doctors and physiotherapists and physical rehabilitation physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, etc., adequate physical and mental condition of the patient

at different stages of rehabilitation.

Integrated use of all available and necessary rehabilitation

Depending on the reasons that require rehabilitation, as well as specific features

of the sick or disabled, their functionality, movement experience, age, gender, structure of experts and the methods and tools

will be different, i.e. rehabilitation requires an individual approach to patients based on their reaction to the use of rehabilitation.

Individualization of rehabilitation programs

When the three-step rehabilitation:

1. specialized hospital;

2. specialized rehabilitation center or sanatorium;

3. rehabilitation department polyclinics.

When a four-step rehabilitation - use in

traumatology:

1. Specialized ambulance (rehabilitation measures

begin conducted specialized ambulances: prevention

and treatment of shock, haemorrhage, providing upper

airway, etc.)

2. specialized trauma hospital;

3. stationary rehabilitation center;

4. rehabilitation department polyclinics.

Stages of rehabilitationIn medical rehabilitation are 3 or 4 stages

At each stage in the rehabilitation

map was documented, what

methods and means of treatment

and rehabilitation were used, what

was the functional state of patient.

Continuity and succession in all stages of rehabilitation

The use of methods of control adequacy of loads and effectiveness of rehabilitation

In order to apply these special diagnosis and control methods of the current state of the patient in the rehabilitation process , which can be subdivided into the following types :a) medical diagnostics,b) functional diagnostics,c) motodiagnostika d ) psychodiagnosis

Social orientation The best outcomes of medical rehabilitation can be complete recovery and return to the usual professional work

MOTODIAGNOSIS - definition of motor abilities of the patient, the ability to household and labor operations, which use different postural tests, muscle testing , etc.

PSYCHODIAGNOSIS - psychologist determines the structure and degree of change in mental functions, types of memory disorders, attention, thinking, emotional and volitional, explores the personal characteristics and the impact on all rehabilitation.

active,passive andregulating psyche

For active agents include all forms of therapeutic physical culture:

a variety of exercise, sport items and sports training, walking, running and other cyclical

exercise and sports, work in the gym, dance treatment, occupational therapy, etc.;

Means of physical rehabilitation can be divided into

To Passive - massage, manual therapy, physiotherapy, and preformed natural environmental factors;

To regulating psyche - autogenous training, muscle relaxation, etc.

This is theoretical and practical, medical and educational discipline that studies the theoretical foundations and methods of use of physical culture for the treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of various diseases.

TPC feature compared to other methods of treatment and rehabilitation is that it uses as the main therapeutic agent exercise - a potent stimulator of the vital functions of the human body

Notion of therapeutic physical culture (TPC)

General training is used for rehabilitation, strengthening and overall development of the body, in this case used restorative and general developmental exercise.

The purpose of special training - development and restoration of body functions involved in the pathological process.

Apply special exercises that directly affect the infected system, a diseased organ traumatic hearth (breathing exercises with pneumonia, exercises to develop paralyzed limbs, etc.).

One of the characteristic features of the process of physical therapy is dosed training exercise.Are distinguished general and specific training dosage

As the recovery reduces the amount of breathing exercises, increasing the number of special exercises. On physical exercise is important cause the patient positive emotions, which improves health and fitness effect and postpones the onset of fatigue.

The Ratio of exercise for the overall development and breathing exercises depends on the period of the disease.

There are three types of therapists:restorative,reconstructive,professional.

Restorative occupational therapy increases vitality of the patient, creates preconditions for psychological rehabilitation;replacement - aimed at preventing patient movement disorders and restore lost functions;

Professional - restores impaired production skills, held at the final stage of rehabilitation treatment

Under work therapy mean restoration of disturbed functions with special selected work processes

- a restoration of lost functions with the help of

special devices. Mainly used to prevent

contractures (stiffness) of the joints.

Apparatotherapy

are specially selected combination of natural human movements, separated into components.

Physical exercise is classified by the following characteristics: anatomical - exercises for the muscles of the head, neck, torso, shoulders, upper extremities, abdominal and pelvic floor muscles of the lower extremities;   on the basis of activity - active (performed by the patient), passive (performed by an exercise physiologist with an effort of the patient) and active-passive exercise (performed by the patient with the help of an instructor LFK)

Gymnastic exercises

breathing exercises (static, dynamic, and drainage).- Static breathing exercises performed in a different starting positions without moving the legs, arms and torso- Dynamic operate in combination with the movements of limbs, trunk, etc.

- To drain include breathing exercises, specifically aimed at the outflow of fluid from the bronchi and use them in various diseases of the respiratory system. Should distinguish drainage exercises (breathing) and positional drainage (especially given positional assumptions as well as the outflow of fluid towards the airway on a "gutter).

- Exercises on coordination and balance used for training of the vestibular apparatus in hypertension, neurological diseases and otherPerformed in the main home position: standard rack, on a narrow bearing surface, standing on one leg, on his toes, with open and closed eyes, with or without objects.It also includes exercises forming household skills lost as a result of a disease

On the basis of species and character are allocated

In medical physical culture choice of assumptions depends on the motor mode, prescribed by a doctor.

There are three basic starting position - lying down, sitting and standing,

each of which has its own variants: lying on his back, on his stomach, on his side, sitting up in bed, on a chair on the mat with legs straight, sitting in bed or in a chair with their pants legs, standing on all fours; standing without support; standing building on crutches, sticks, "hodilki" on the boards, with reliance on the lintel and the climbing wall, chair, etc.

the original position of the body

There are several forms of physical therapy lessons:- morning hygienic,- physiotherapy,- independent physical exercise,- therapeutic dosed walking and- the ascent (terrenkur)- mass forms of Physical Culture,- dosage swimming, rowing, running, etc.

TPC form:

Therapeutic dosed walking is shown to normalize the patient's gait after injuries and diseases of the nervous system, musculoskeletal, and metabolic disorders, for training the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Dispensed medical walking speed of movement, long distance, terrain.

Morning hygienic gymnastics for the body of the patient - is a specially selected complex of physical exercises, promotes translation of the body of the sleep state-braking - with the active state of the day.

treatment dosage walking with gradual climb and descent on special routes. Used in diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic disorders, traumatic lesions of the musculoskeletal system and the nervous system. Depending on the gradient terrainkur routes are divided into groups: a an elevation angle of from 4 to 10 °,   with an elevation angle of 11-15 ° and with an elevation angle of 16-20 °.

Dosed the ascent (terrenkur)

and others may be not only means of physical therapy (as a kind of exercise), but also its independent form. They are designed to further the training function of the affected organs and the whole body, as well as improving efficiency convalescents. Apply individually tailored indications, contraindications and appropriate dosages. Recently, widely used in rehabilitation of athletes, young and middle ages.

include sports games, close tourism, sport items, trips, mass gymnastic performances, holidays. These forms are used in the final period of recovery and training of all organs and body systems are selected individually. Mass forms of physical therapy are used not only to treatment and rehabilitation, but also as a prophylactic measure, especially in groups of "Health" and to practice with the elderly.

It forms a mass of improving physical training elements