박민아. Introduction The open innovation paradigm conceives R&D as an open system where firms can benefit from a variety of collaborative activities with.

박민아

Introduction The open innovation paradigm conceives R&D as an open sys-

tem where firms can benefit from a variety of collaborative activ-ities with external knowledge partners.

R&D collaboration facilitates the synergistic blending of external and internal ideas into new products, processes and systems.

http://bfsinnovations.com/innov.html

Paradox of openness The more that firms collaborate with external

partners, the more difficult it becomes to ap-propriate the outcomes of such collaborative efforts for the partners involved.

Creating innovation benefits from openness while commercializing innovation requires ap-propriability.

The paper focus on co-patenting as a potential window for investigating this openness para-dox.

Discussion: co-patenting Co-patenting 정의는 무엇인가 ?

Co-patenting 을 하는 이유는 무엇인가 ?

Co-patenting 의 단점과 어려운 점은 무엇인가 ?

Co-patenting Some researchers

labels co-patenting as a strategy that firm prefer to avoid.

industrial and corporate change, volume 12, number5, pp. 1035-1050

Azzola, Landoni, Van Looy (2010). Patstat data ECOOM/INCENTIM (KU Leu-ven)

However, the number of co- patents in the US increased steadily over time. US co-patents by year

EPO co-patents by year

This paper… Acknowledges that co-ownership of intellectual

property (IP) as an empirically relevant strategy for companies developing technology jointly.

Explores the role and performance implications of co-patenting in the setting of collaborative R&D activities.

Interviews with 10 IP managers Analysis of data from 164 European, US and Japanese

firms to test some of the insights that emerged from out interviews. (1995-2003)1. Value-appropriation implication of co-

patenting2. Value-creation implication of co-patenting

POINT

1. Value-appropriation implication of co-patenting

Co-patenting resembles a duopoly in which the joint owners can compete against each other, creates fewer opportunities.

Interviewees emphasized that the challenges of appropriating value from co-patents heavily depends on the type of partners involved

1. University2. Inter-industry3. Intra-industry

University Lack of incentives and abilities to commercially exploit the

co-owned knowledge Standard procedure to contractually negotiate that universi-

ties do not have the right to license such knowledge to competitors.

Intra-industry The risk that they will deploy the co-owned knowledge for

similar purpose is higher, implying a risk of intensified com-petition that could jeopardize vale appropriation.

Risk of overlapping application domain

is relatively high

challenges in appropriation

value

Empirical analysis of value appropriation chal-lenge

University A significant positive relationship between co-

patents with universities and market valuation was observed.

Intra-industry Significantly negative relationship between the

share of co-patents with intra-industry and the firm’s performance (Tobin’s q) was observed.

I. Lack of appropriation risk from co-patentingII. Relatively strong investor responses

Rea-sons

Discussion: size of firm

What are differential effects depending on the size of the partner firm?

The author stated that technologically weaker firms engage more in intra-industry co-patent-ing. Why?

2.Value-creation implication of co-patenting Negotiating co-patenting arrangements ex-ante may influ-

ence the collaboration processes hence the vale creation resulting from collaboration.

R&D collaboration requires intensive interaction for syn-ergy effect however ex-ante concerns of exposing critical resources and capabilities to partner decrease willingness to involve in collaboration.

Ex-ante contractual IP allocation procedures mitigate such knowledge appropriation concerns. Willingness of partners to effectively combine their complementary

knowledge through ex-ante negotiation

increased probability of effective joint vale creation

Empirical analysis of value-creation Co-patents with inter-firm and intra-firm industry partners

received more citation than individually owned patents.

However, self-citation are negatively correlated when co-patenting implies industrial partners.

Higher forward citation

Increased probability of effective joint value creation

Willingness to participate in collaboration and intensive interaction

Through ex-ante negotiation: mitigate concerns and build trust

Ex-ante concerns: fear of exposure and likely presence of gray zone

Discussion: types of technology

기존의 기술을 발전하는 exploitation 과 새로운 기술을 만들려는 exploration, co-patenting 은 어떤 관계가 있을까 ?