The Open Source Paradigm and Intellectual Property

The Open Source The Open Source Paradigm Paradigm

and and Intellectual Intellectual

PropertyPropertyMaurizio Napolitano – [email protected]

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these are famous people of the free software/open source movement

Richard Stallman

Linus Torvald

Bruce Perens

Eben Moglen

Free Software Foundation

LINUX

… a step back:

O.S. applications

SOFTWARESOFTWARE

SOFTWARESOFTWARE

a pc without software is NOTHINGa pc without software is NOTHING

Like in the kitchen :)

how create software?

… in most of case

irreversible process

Some property

COPYABLE

Some properties

MANAGE INFORMATIONS

With some problems/restricions

2001 2011

… but some old information still work

2011 A.C.

Doubt

… more functions … more problems

born hackers & free software

1980

GNU IS NOT UNIX

What is free software?

is a softwarethat respectsthe user freedom's

THE FOUR FREEDOMFreedom 00: The freedom to run the program for any purpose.

Freedom 11: The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish.

Freedom 22: The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.

Freedom 33: The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (and modified versions in general) to the public, so that the whole community benefits.

but free is an ambiguous word

FREE BEER

FREE SPEECH

VSThis is FREE software

This is NOT free software

I.P. - Intellectual Property

THINK CREATE → →Authors' rights

The copyleft concept

rights over the copies

give permission to copy

copyright

copyleft

General Public License

respects the four freedoms and imposes two constraints

● Always mention the author● Derivative works must have

the same license

Eben Moglen “Why Political Liberty Depends on Software Freedom More Than Ever” – FOSDEM 2011 http://freedomboxfoundation.org/

OUTLINE

Like the researchLike the research

If I have seen further it is by standing on ye sholders of Giants.

Isaac Newton

Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software Bob Young - REDHAT

also the opposite to reinvent the wheel

Open Source

Eric Raymond

http://www.opensource.org/

Bruce Perens

Open source connected with capitalismOpen source connected with capitalism

The Emerging Economic Paradigm of Open Source

http://perens.com/works/articles/Economic.html

[…] Open Source can be explained entirely within the context of conventional open-market economics. Indeed, it turns out that it has much stronger ties to the phenomenon of capitalism than you may have appreciated.

a licesing schemaLiberalCreate any workNo restriction on licensing

BSD License - Berkeley Software Distribution LicenseMIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology LicenseApache – Apache License

CorporateFiles derived from commons must usesame licenseFiles added may use any license

EPL - Eclipse Public LicenseMPL – Mozilla Public License

CopyleftAll files in project must use the samelicense as the commons if any one filefrom the commons is used in the project

Weak Strong

LGPL v2 – Lesser Gnu Public License

GPL v2 - Gnu Public LicenseEUPL 1.1 – European Public License

„brand“

LGPL v3 – Lesser Gnu Public License

GPL v3 - Gnu Public LicenseAGPL v3 – affero Gnu Public License

Examples ….Examples ….

Young entrepreneursYoung entrepreneurs (under30)

1. Mark Zuckerberg - $13.5 Billion

4. Blake Ross and David Hyatt - $120 Million

12. Matt Mullenweg - $40 Million

http://www.retireat21.com/top-young-entrepreneurs

2. Andrew Gower - Runescape $650 Million3. Chad Hurley - Youtube $300 Million

[…]

5. Andrew Michael - Fast Hosts $110 Million6. Angelo Sotira – DevianArt $75 Million

[...]

Open source = software quality

"given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow"

Linus' LawLinus' Law

Eric Raymond – The Cathedral & the Bazaar

But … open source isn't easy

Source: Roberto Galoppini SOS Opensource

A good (italian) example

Have fortuneImplement standardsDual licesingRespect for the community

Fabrizio Capobianco

Business models

●Support●Documentation●Customization●Talent scouting●Marketing●...

Understand open source ecosystem

http://www.slideshare.net/55thinking/understand-open-source-ecosystems

Software development models

The Cathedral modelThe Cathedral modelcode developed is restricted to an exclusive group of software developers.

The Bazaar modelThe Bazaar modelthe code is developed over the Internet in view of the public.

From the software to the content

… to the data http://www.opendatacommons.org

http://creativecommons.org

„Some rights reserved“

[creativity always] „builds on the past“

http://www.archive.org/details/Justin_Cone_-_Building_On_The_Past_-_640x480