{ England blamed Germany Belgium blamed Germany Russia blamed Austria Germany blamed Russia France blamed Germany Austria blamed Serbia

{England blamed GermanyBelgium blamed GermanyRussia blamed AustriaGermany blamed RussiaFrance blamed GermanyAustria blamed SerbiaSerbia blamed AustriaItaly was NEUTRAL (at least at first)

Who’s to blame?

Machine gun

Poison gas

submarines

airplanestanks

Trench Warfare Soldiers dug a series

of trenches to create a fortified position.

The enemy did the same.

Fighting occurred between the trenches.

This resulted in a stalemate, neither side having an advantage.

What kind of living conditions do you think trench warfare created?

Elements: Winter in a Trench

And…..

Notice the smiley face!

Imagine a sinister laugh. (Buwahahahahahahahahah!)

Trenchfoot! Fungal infection Prolonged by long

exposure to damp, cold conditions

Poor hygiene/environment Estimated 20,000 British

casualties in one yr. alone Improved with better

trench construction, rubbing grease on toes/feet, and wearing clean, dry socks

{

A brighter moment of the war…

The Christmas Truce of 1914

December 24, 1914 German front lines decorated for the season

Christmas trees and Chinese lanterns Germans walked toward British trenches

“Hello, I want to talk to you!”

Enemies drank toasts Exchanged products (jam, coffee, chocolate,

etc…) One group of Germans played soccer with Scots

in kilts

The Christmas Truce

TOTAL WAR: How war affected life at home

Total war: the channeling of all of a nation’s resources into the war effort.

Rationing: using coupons to get food and gas

Propaganda: spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause.

Women: contributed to war effort

The United States Helps Win the War

Belgium, Italy, Romania, Greece, and Portugal join the Allies.

The US remains neutral but sends supplies to the Allies.

German submarines begin attacking US ships in the Atlantic.

The US enters the war in 1917 and Russia drops out because of revolution in that country.

Germany surrendered 1918

Wilson’s 14 Points

President Wilson wanted the following out of the war:

Each nationality in Europe have its own state

An independent Poland Freedom of the seas An end to secret diplomacy A League of Nations

The Paris Peace Conference 1919Germany’s Territorial

Loses•Germany lost Poland•Germany lost territory to Poland and France•Germany lost all its overseas territory

Austria-Hungry and Turkey

•Austria-Hungry was divided into several new countries•Turkey lost its territory in the Middle East

Punishing Germany• Lost its navy•Reduced army to small police force•Had to accept blame or war•Had to pay huge reparations to the Allies

League of Nations• organization of nations pledged to defend each other against aggressors.•The US and Russia did not join

The cartoon was created (incredibly) in 1920. It was titled "Peace and future cannon fodder". There is a small child with a copy of the Treaty behind them. Above the child's head is a comment "1940 class". The leaders of the nations at Versailles are seen walking past, and there is a caption: "The Tiger: Curious! I seem to hear a child weeping!"

What idea is the author trying to convey in the cartoon?

How are the two maps different?

World War One in the Middle East

Armenian Massacres

Some Armenian Christians sought to have their own state separate from the Ottoman Empire.

The Ottoman Empire disarmed the Armenians so they could not help the Russians.

They jailed and then shot or hung political leaders.

Turkish soldiers gathered 1 million Armenian men, women, and children and sent them on death marches to the Syrian desert.

Arabia, Syria, and Palestine

These areas were promised independence from Turkey if they supported the Allies during the war.

After the war these areas were divided between Britain and France.

Uprisings in Egypt and Arabia led to their independence in 1922-1924.

Turkey became a secular state in 1920 and abolished the Sultanate in 1923.