Chapter 6 A. replacement B. calcification C. carbonization D. permineralization.

EVOLUTION—EVIDENCE OF CHANGE

Chapter 6

1

1. PETRIFIED WOOD REFERS TO TREES THAT ARE FOSSILIZED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. replacement B. calcification C. carbonization D. permineralization

D. permineralization

2

2. WHICH ARE STRUCTURES THAT APPEAR SIMILAR, BUT HAVE DIFFERENT ANCESTRAL ORIGINS?

A. vestigial structures B. pharyngeal pouches C. analogous structures D. homologous structures

C. analogous structures

4

3. WHAT IS ONE ASPECT OF CONVERGENT EVOLUTION?

A. closely related species that appear similar

B. closely related species that appear different

C. distantly related species that appear similar

D. distantly related species that appear different

C. distantly related species that appear similar

8

WHICH IS THE CORRECT ORDER, FROM SMALLEST TO LARGEST?

A. species, genus, family, order B. species, family, genus, order C. order, genus, family, species D. genus, species, order, family

A. species, genus, family, order

16

WHICH TYPE OF CLASSIFICATION MEASURES THE DIFFERENCES IN OVERALL DNA BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS?

A. systematics B. Aristotle system C. DNA hybridization D. Linnaeus classification

C. DNA hybridization

32

PROCESS BY WHICH WATER IN THE GROUND SEEPS INTO EMPTY SPACES AND DEPOSITS MINERALS

A. cast B. mold C. fossil record D. paleontologist E. permineralization

E. permineralization

64

IMPRINT FROM A SHELL OR THE SKIN OF AN ANIMAL

A. cast B. mold C. fossil record D. paleontologist E. permineralization

B. mold

128

A FOSSIL THAT IS ENTIRELY FORMED FROM MATERIAL OTHER THAN THE ORIGINAL LIVING ORGANISM

A. cast B. mold C. fossil record D. paleontologist E. permineralization

A. cast

256

ALL KNOWN FOSSILS, THEIR PLACEMENTS IN ROCKS, AND THEIR POSITIONS IN TIME

A. cast B. mold C. fossil record D. paleontologist E. permineralization.

C. fossil record

512

COMPLETE THE CONCEPT MAP WITH THESE TERMS: QUICK BURIAL, HARD PARTS, PERMINERALIZED, MOLD, CAST, CARBON FILM

Quick Burial

Hard Parts

Permineralized

Mold

Cast

Carbon Film

1,024

COMPARE AND CONTRAST PERMINERALIZATION AND REPLACEMENT.

In permineralization, minerals are deposited in the empty spaces of dead organisms. In replacement, however, the hard parts of the organisms dissolve completely and are replaced with minerals.

2,048

A PALEONTOLOGIST FINDS A BIRD FOSSIL IN A SHALLOW LAYER OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK AND ANOTHER BIRD FOSSIL IN A DEEPER SEDIMENTARY ROCK LAYER. HOW MIGHT THE PALEONTOLOGIST INTERPRET THE AGE OFTHESE FOSSILS?

GENERALLY, THE OLDER THE ROCK LAYER, THE DEEPER IT IS IN EARTH. THE FOSSIL IN THE DEEPER LAYER IS LIKELY THE OLDERFOSSIL, UNLESS THERE HAS BEEN AN UNUSUAL DISTURBANCE TO THE AREA THAT HAS REARRANGED THE ROCK LAYERS.

4,096

A SCIENTIST FINDS A FERN IN AFRICA THAT LOOKS VERY SIMILAR TO A FERN IN THE AMERICAN MIDWEST. INDICATE WHAT TYPE OF EVOLUTION IS DEMONSTRATED BY THIS EXAMPLE.

THE FERN IS LIKELY AN EXAMPLE OF CONVERGENT EVOLUTION. WHEN SPECIES EVOLVE INDEPENDENTLY UNDER SIMILARCONDITIONS AND DEVELOP STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL SIMILARITIES, THEY OFTEN APPEAR SIMILAR—EVEN THOUGHTHEY ARE VERY DISTANTLY RELATED

8,000

A SCIENTIST FINDS THE FOSSIL REMAINS OF AN ANCIENT BIRD. INDICATE WHAT SCIENTISTS CAN LEARN FROM STUDYING THE FOSSIL.

SCIENTISTS CAN DETERMINE WHAT TYPE OF FOOD THE ORGANISM ATE, WHAT KIND OF ENVIRONMENT IT LIVED IN, AND TO WHICH ORGANISMS IT WAS RELATED.

16,000

A SCIENTIST DISCOVERS A NEW INSECT SPECIES. ANALYZE HOW LOOKING AT HAPLOTYPE COULD ASSIST THE SCIENTIST IN TRACING THE INSECT’S RELATIVES.

THE MORE DNA SEQUENCES TWO SPECIES HAVE IN COMMON, THE MORE ANCESTORS THEY ARE LIKELY TO SHARE. THE SCIENTISTS CAN LOOK AT THE HAPLOTYPE, OR THE SEQUENCE, OF A SAMPLE OF 1,000 BASE PAIRS OF DNA.THE HAPLOTYPE CAN BE COMPARED WITH HAPLOTYPES FROM OTHER ORGANISMS TO FIND SIMILARITIES IN THE ACTUAL SEQUENCES.

CONGRATULATIONS!