Pathological Calcification

Deposition of calcium salts in tissues

Calcium is usually deposited as calcium phosphate & calcium carbonate

May occur in the form Hydroxyapatite similar to that of normal bone

There are two types of calcification :

• Dystrophic calcification

• Metastatic calcification

Is the decomposition of calcium salts in dead or degenerated tissue (injured tissues)

Seen in areas of necrosis, large arteries & damaged heart valves

Often visible to the naked eye & ranges from gritty sand like grains to firm rock hard material

Trauma

Parasitic or T.B infections

Prolonged immobility can give rise to blood clots, which can eventually calcify

Poor calcium absorption

Aging, insufficient supply of blood to a particular area

Heterotrophic ossification

Pain

Inflammation

Restricted movement

Metastatic calcification can occur in normal tissues whenever there is Hypercalcemia

High calcium levels in the blood and all tissues due to systematic mineral imbalance

Any disorder that increases the serum calcium level can lead to calcification in inappropriate locations

Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone

Destruction of bone tissue as in tumors of bone marrow

Vitamin D intoxication

Renal failure

The arrow point to deposits of calcium in the interstitial tissues of both upper lobes