Semester Exam Review
Biology is the study of: Life All living things___________ to make more living things.
Dec 28, 2015
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Semester Exam Review
Biology is the study of:
All living things___________ to make more living things.
All living things ___________ to make more living things
Reproduce
Procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis:
Procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis:
Experiment
Testable explanation for a question or a problem:
Testable explanation for a question or problem:
Hypothesis
Smallest units that can carry on all life processes:
Smallest units that can carry on all life processes:
Cells
Objective lens – 10x Ocular (eye) lens = 20 x What is the total maginification?
Objective Lens = 10xOcular Lens = 20x
Total Magnification = 200x(10x20 = 200)
What is a dependent variable?
What is a dependent variable?
Results that change due to the independent variable
Reaction A + B -> C What are A and B?
Reaction A + B CWhat are A and B?
Reactants
What does this symbol mean?
What do those symbols mean?
Chemicals
Which type of muscle makes up the heart?
Which type of muscle makes up the heart?
Cardiac
Which type of muscle is found in organs?
Which muscles contract under unconscious control?
Involuntary
Which type of muscle is found in organs?
Smooth
What type of energy is the action of pepsin on proteins?
Action of pepsin on proteins is:
Chemical digestion
Homeostasis means:
Homeostasis means:
Maintaining a stable internal environment
Heart and blood vessels belong to which system?
Heart and blood vessels:
Cardiovascular system
What do ligaments do?
What defends against bacteria infections?
What defends against bacteria infections?
White blood cells
Where does digestion start?
Sweating is an example of __________.
Muscle fatigue happens when muscles have _______ oxygen levels.
Muscle fatigue happens when muscles have _____ oxygen levels.
Low
What does the liver produce?
What is structure A in the diagram?
AtriumCarries blood low in oxygen
Which part of the eye sends messages to the brain?
What part of the eye sends signals to the brain?
Structure 5 (optic nerve)
Which structure contains the cones and rods?
Which structure contains cones and rods?
Structure 6 (retina)
Which structure transmits impulses away from the cell?
Which structure transmits impulses away from the cell?
Structure 1 (axon)
Which structure of a neuron receives impulses?
Which structure receives impulses?
Structure 3 (dendrite)
What type of reaction is burning a piece of paper?
Burning paper:
Chemical reaction
Give an example of a compound
Compound:
Water, Salt, Carbon Dioxide
H2O, NaCl, CO2
What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
What number is represented by a very strong base?
Carbon 12, 13, and 14 are examples of ______________.
Flourine has 9 electrons. How many electrons are in the second energy level?
Fluorine has 9 electrons. How many in second energy shell?
7(2 in first shell, 7 in second shell)
Which state of matter has highly packed particles?
Which state of matter has highly packed particles?
Solid
Which bond shares electrons?
Bond when electrons are shared?
Covalent Bond
What results in an atom with the same number of neutrons and protons.
Atom has same # of neutrons and protons:
Neutral charge
Give examples of why the body needs proteins.
2 uses of proteins?
Builds musclesMakes enzymesHelps metabolismBuilds organsProvides immunity
Which organisms do not have cell walls I their cells?
Which organisms do not have a cell walls?
Animals
Name the three parts of the cell theory.
Name 3 parts of cell theory:
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
All organisms are made of cells
If a cell has a nucleus it is a(n)_____________.
Water will move into a cell if a solution is ___________________.
Water moves into a cell in a ___________ solution.
Hypotonic
Water will move out of a cell is a solution is ______________.
Water moves out of a cell in a ____________ solution.
Hypertonic
_________________ is particles moving from low to high concentration.
_____________ is particles moving from low to high concentration.
Active Transport
What structure maintains the homeostasis of a cell?
What structure maintains homeostasis in cells?
Cell Membrane
Only eukaryotic cells have membrane bound ____________.
Only eukaryotic cells have membrane bound:
Organelles
If a cell has no nucleus, but does have a cell wall it is a(n)_____________.
If a cell has no nucleus, but does have a cell wall:
Prokaryotic
Which cell structure regulates what enters and leaves a cell?
Which cell structure regulates what enters and leaves cell?
Cell membrane
Structures that perform certain functions are known as_____________.
Structures that perform certain functions:
Organelles
What are the hair-like organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell?
Hair-like organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell?
Cilia
Where are proteins made?
Which cell structure packages and distributes proteins?
Which cell structure packages and distributes proteins?
Golgi Apparatus
What is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus?
Double membrane surrounding the nucleus?
Nuclear Membrane
What are the storage organelles for water and nutrients?
Plant cells have storage organelles for water and nutrients:
Central Vacuole
Chlorophyll traps _________ from sunlight.
Chlorophyll traps __________ from sunlight.
Energy
Animal cells do not have___________.
Animal cells do not have:
Cell WallsChloroplasts
Animals have __________ vacuoles to store water.
Animals have ________ vacuoles to store water.
Small
The more active a cell is the more __________ it will have.
Active cells have many:
Mitochondria (energy makers)
Where is water NOT found in the cell membrane?
Where is water not found in the plasma membrane?
Structure 3 (inside the membrane)
Which structure immediately identifies the cell as eukaryotic?
Which structure immediately identifies the cell as eukaryotic?
Structure 2 (nucleus)
What is the Kidney-shaped organelle called?
What is the main passageway in the cell called?
What is structure 1?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which phase is when chromosomes line up on the equator?
Which phase is when chromosomes line up on equator?
Metaphase
Mitosis is when a cell’s nucleus ____________.
Mitosis is when a cell’s nucleus:
Divides
Draw all four stages of mitosis.
Interphase has 3 parts:
G1, S, G2
What is exocytosis?
Particles exit the cell
What is endocytosis?
Particles enter the cell
What is the reason for mitosis?
To make new cells for our body
Diffusion ____________ use energy.
Does not
Diffusion moves nutrients from ___________ concentration.
Diffusion moves nutrients from ______ to ______ concentration.
High to low
Ink dissolving into water is:
Diffusion
Which phase does the nucleus divide?
Mitosis
Photosynthesis is when ___________ convert light energy to ______________.
Photosynthesis is when __________ convert light energy to __________.
ChloroplastsChemical Energy
Proteins are made up of:
Amino Acids
Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between 2 ____________.
Energy is release from ATP when the bond is broken between 2:
Phosphate groups
Which cell would eventually burst?
Cell B
Watson and Crick were the first to discover that DNA:
Watson and Crick were the first to discover that DNA:
Is shape of Double Helix
When DNA is copied, it’s called DNA ______________.
When DNA is copied, its called DNA:
Replication
DNA nucleotides are made up of a phosphate group and ______________ and ________________.
DNA nucleotide is made up of a phosphate group and:
Deoxyribose (sugar) and nitrogenous base
Order from smallest to largest: Chromosome Cell Nucleotide DNA Nucleus
Order from smallest to largest:
Nucleotide, DNA, Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell
Messenger RNA is formed during:
Transcription
AATTAG to AAATAG is a _____________ mutation.
AATTAG to AAATAG is:
Point Mutation
AATTAGAAATAG to ATTAGAAATAG is a ___________ mutation.
AATTAGAAATAG to ATTAGAAATAG is:
Frameshift Mutation
What is the primary function of the DNA?
Primary function of DNA is to:
Carry genetic informationCode for the production of proteins!
How are DNA and RNA different?
Ribose is sugar in RNARNA is single strandedUracil is in RNA
3 types of RNA:
Messenger RNATransfer RNARibosomal RNA
Pairing in DNA:
A pairs with TG pairs with C
What molecules are found on the sides of the DNA “ladder”?
What do the circles represent in DNA?
Nucleotide
What type of mutation is this?
AAGGCCGG to AGGGCCGG
What type of mutation is shown?
Substitution
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