BIOLOGY The study of living things Organism: living thing.

BIOLOGY

• The study of living things

• Organism:

• living thing

Your Job

• Take a “Comparing Living and Nonliving Things” Lab

• Go to each station and complete the chart on the first page

• Use the chart to answer the questions on the other side of the lab

Rock

Crystal

Flashlight

Wood

Candle

Plant

Water

Earthworm

Seed

Egg

Soil

Horseshoe Crab Shell

Informal Write-Up

• Hypothesis: “If…then…”

• Materials: List them

• Procedures: what did we do? PAST TENSE

• Data: See attached

• Conclusion: by doing procedures, what did we find out?

The Scientific Method• Universal approach to solving scientific

problems

Observations

• Make sure your observations are Quantitative. Something you can

count

• NOT Qualitative Feelings, relative

measurements

Give me an example of quantitative observation of this picture of the cast of House M.D.

Constructing an Experiment• Tests ONLY 1 variable at a time

• Independent Variable What you change in the experiment

• Dependent Variable What change because of the independent

Variable What you measure

• Controls (constants) controlled variables What stays the same in the whole experiment

2 Groups in an Experiment1. Control Group

The group that you do nothing new to

2. Experimental Group The group with the independent variable The group you change

• Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they are supposed to staple a set of papers.) Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of paper each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks.

1. Control Group

2. Independent Variable

3. Dependent Variable

4. What should Smithers conclusion be?

5. How could this experiment be improved?

• Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice and water. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower.

6. What was the initial observation?

7. Control Group



10. What should Homer’s conclusion be?

• Bart believes that mice exposed to microwaves will become extra strong (maybe he's been reading too much Radioactive Man). He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice in a microwave for 10 seconds. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the microwaved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the non-microwaved mice were able to do the same.

11. Control Group



14. What should Bart’s conclusion be?

15. How could Bart’s experiment be

improved?

• Krusty was told that a certain itching powder was the newest best thing on the market, it even claims to cause 50% longer lasting itches. Interested in this product, he buys the itching powder and compares it to his usual product. One test subject (A) is sprinkled with the original itching powder, and another test subject (B) was sprinkled with the Experimental itching powder. Subject A reported having itches for 30 minutes. Subject B reported to have itches for 45 minutes. 16. Control Group



19. Explain whether the data supports the advertisements claims about its product.

• Lisa is working on a science project. Her task is to answer the question: "Does Rogooti (which is a commercial hair product) affect the speed of hair growth". Her family is willing to volunteer for the experiment.

20. Describe how Lisa would perform this experiment. Identify the control group, independent variable and the dependent variable in your description.

Make up your own Experiment

• You are the manager of a restaurant. Your staff has been complaining that the paper towels your restaurant uses are not absorbent enough and the tables are still dirty after they clean them. You decide to conduct an experiment to help you decide which brand of paper towel will be the best to clean your restaurant.

base

Kilo

Hecta

Deka

deci

centi

milli

micro

Mega

METRICCONVERSION

SI UNITS

Giga-1,000,000,000,000 Mega-1,000,000,000 Kilo-1,000 Heca-100 Deca-10

Base-1 Deci-0.1 Centi-0.01 Milli-0.001

Micro-0.0000001 Nano-0.0000000001

SI = Système International d'unitésInternational System of Units

SI UNITS cont…

• Length = meters (m) Metric Ruler

• Volume = liters (L) Graduated Cylinder

• Weight = grams (g) Triple Beam/ Electronic Balance

• Temperature = Celsius (C°) Thermometer

• A student hypothesized that lettuce seeds would not germinate unless they were covered with soil. The student planted 10 seeds under a layer of soil and scattered 10 seeds on top of the soil. The data collected are shown in the table below.

Seed Treatment # of seeds germinated

Planted under soil 9

Scattered on top of soil 8

To improve the reliability of these results, the student should

1) Conclude that darkness is necessary for lettuce seed germination

2) Conclude that light is necessary for lettuce seed germination

3) Revise the hypothesis

4) Repeat the experiment using a larger sample size

• A student formulated a hypothesis that cotton will grow larger bolls(pods) if magnesium is added to the soil. The student has two experimental fields of cotton, one with magnesium and one without. Which data should be collected to support this hypothesis?

1. Height of the cotton plants in both fields

3. Length of the growing season in both fields

4. Color of the cotton bolls in both fields

2. Diameter of the cotton bolls in both fields

Making a Line Graph1. Draw your x and y-axis on the graph

paper

y-axis

x-axis

2. Label each axis - make sure to include units

Dependent Variable

Independent Variable

Time Late to Class (sec)

Mr.

Zup

ans

Ang

er

(Red

ness

of

his

Fac

e)

3. Develop an appropriate scale for each axis

10

8

6

4

2

0 20 40 60 80 100


Mr.

Zup

ans

Ang

er

(Red

ness

of

his

Fac

e)

4. Plot the Data and surround each point with a small circle

10

8

6

4

2

0 20 40 60 80 100


Mr.

Zup

ans

Ang

er

(Red

ness

of

his

Fac

e)

5. Connects the Points with a ruler

10

8

6

4

2

0 20 40 60 80 100


Mr.

Zup

ans

Ang

er

(Red

ness

of

his

Fac

e)

6. Create a title and Underline

10

8

6

4

2

0 20 40 60 80 100


Mr.

Zup

ans

Ang

er

(Red

ness

of

his

Fac

e)Time Late to Class vs. The Redness of Mr.Zupan’s Face

7. Write a concluding sentence about the data at the bottom of the graph

10

8

6

4

2

0 20 40 60 80 100


Mr.

Zup

ans

Ang

er

(Red

ness

of

his

Fac

e)Time Late to Class vs. The Redness of Mr.Zupan’s Face

As lateness to Mr. Zupan’s

class increases, the redness

of Mr. Z’s face also increases

• A biologist reported success in breeding a tiger with a lion, producing healthy offspring. Other biologists will accept this report as fact only if

1. Research shows that other animals can be crossbred

2. The offspring are given a scientific name

3. The biologist included a control in the experiment4. Other researchers can replicate the experiment

Pulse at rest: X 3 = BPM

Pulse at 1 min: X 3 = BPM

Pulse at 2 min: X 3 = BPMPulse at 3 min: X 3 = BPMPulse at 4 min: X 3 = BPM

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Pulse at 5 min: X 3 = BPM

Nose PieceLow power objective lensMed. Odj. lensHigh power obj

Stage clips

diaphragm

Light source

Ocular lens

Arm

Stage

Course adjustment

Fine adjustment

Base

Magnification

• (ocular lens)(objective lens)

• Ex: objective lens is at 4x and the ocular lens is 10X, what is the magnification?

• 40X!

• Depth of field

• Field of view

Field of View• The amount you can see through the

microscope lens

• As magnification increases,

• Field of view decreases

40x 400x

Making a Wet Mount Slide1. Cut out a lowercase “d” from the

newspapers at your stations

2. Place the “d” on the middle of the slide

3. Place 1 drop of water on top of the “d”

4. Place the coverslip over the “d” and lower like a hinge on a door

5. Find the “d” over medium objective lens

Cheek Cell Lab

1. Place 1 drop of water on the empty slide

2. Take a toothpick and slide it across the inside of your cheek

3. You now have about 100 cells on your toothpick!

4. Take the toothpick and place it in the water on your slide to transfer your cells to the slide

5. Put the coverslip over the cells

6. Now we are going to stain the cells

7. Put a drop of methylene blue on one side of your coverslip

8. Now take a piece of paper towel on place it on the other side of the coverslip

9. You can now watch the dye travel across the coverslip

10.Find your cells at 100x and 400x and draw what you see in each magnification

Microscope

Body

Revolving

Light Source

Ocular Lens

Coarse Adjustment

Fine Adjustment

Base

Arm

BIOLOGY The study of living things Organism: living thing.

Documents

group b

independent variablethe

special juice

microwaved mice

coconut juice

independent variable9

timeindependent variablewhat

smithers conclusion