١٩ (C n H 2n-2 ) ١ CH≡CH - CH 3 –C≡C–CH 3 - - CH 3 –C≡C–CH–CH 3 | CH 3 - CH 3 –CH–CH–CH 2 –CH 2 –C≡CH | | Br Br - - - CH 3 –CH 2 –CH–C≡CH | CH 2 –CH 2 –CH 3 - - CH 3 –C≡C–CH–CH 3 | CH 2 –CH–CH 3 | CH 3 –CH–CH 2 –CH 3 - - - CH 3 –CH–CH–CH–CH–CH–C≡CH | | | | | CH 3 –CH Br Br Br Br | CH 3 –CH 2 CH 3 –C≡C–CH–CH 3 | CH 3 –CH 2 – C–CH 2 –CH 3 | CH 3 CH 2 – C–CH 2 –CH 3 | CH 3 –CH 2 – CH–CH 2 –CH 3
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
١٩
(CnH2n-2)
١
CH≡CH
- CH3–C≡C–CH3
- - CH3–C≡C–CH–CH3
| CH3
- CH3–CH–CH–CH2–CH2–C≡CH
| | Br Br
--- CH3–CH2–CH–C≡CH
| CH2–CH2–CH3
--
CH3–C≡C–CH–CH3 |
CH2–CH–CH3 |
CH3–CH–CH2–CH3
---
CH3–CH–CH–CH–CH–CH–C≡CH | | | | |
CH3–CH Br Br Br Br |
CH3–CH2
CH3–C≡C–CH–CH3 |
CH3–CH2– C–CH2–CH3 |
CH3CH2– C–CH2–CH3 |
CH3–CH2– CH–CH2–CH3
٢٠
( CaC2)
PH3 H2S
CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca (OH)2
+ 2H.OH H–C≡C–H + Ca(OH)2
2H2O+ 2C + 2CO2 2C2H2 + 3O2
2H2O + 4CO2 + E 2C2H2 + 5O2
C≡C
Ca
تنقیط ماء بارد
كمیة محدودة
كمیة وفیرة
CuSO4 +
H2SO4
C2H2
٢١
C2H2 + H2 C2H4 + H2 C2H6
C2H2Br4 C2H2Br2 C2H2 + Br2
HX
CH≡CH + HBr CH2═ C─H CH3─ C─H ،- ینیلڤبرومید ال
–
–
H─C≡C─H + HOH ینیل ڤكحول ال ) إیثانال ( أسیتالدھید
) مركب غیر ثابت (
CH3─ CH CH3─ COOH
CH3─ CH CH3─ CH2OH
HgSO4 60°C H2SO4 40%
Ni مجزأ
+HBr
Ni مجزأ
I Br
Br I
I
Br
+Br2
[O] أكسدة
[2H] إختزال
H I
OH I H─C=CH CH3CH
٢٢
٢٣
(CnH2n)
C6H12 C5H10 C4H8 C3H6
─H H─
I H
H─ ─H I H
C
C C
C
H I
H I
─H H─
I H
H─ ─H I H
H I
H I C
C
C C
C
H
H
─H H─ I H
I H
H
H C
C C
─H
I H
H─ ─H I H
H I
H I
C
C C
C
C C H
H
H H
H─
٢٤
C10H8 C6H6
– –
C6H14
CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3 + 4H2
٨٢ : ٨٠ ْ
Pt
٢٥
3C2H2
+ NaO H + Na2CO3
C6H5 COONa + NaO H C6H6 + Na2CO3
(-Ar)
C6H5─
C6H5─C6H5 C10H8
C6H6
+ ZnO Zn
OH
COONa
CaO
CaO
│
Cl
Br
NO2
CH3
CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
│
CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
–
│ │
٢٦
-CH3
-OH
-NH2
-Cl -Br
-CHO
│ -C═O
-COOH
-NO2
2 + 2 Cl2 + + 2 HCl
+ Cl2 + HCl
2 + 2HNO3
+ Cl2
X
١
٢ أورثو
٣ میتا
٤
بارا
أورثو ٦
میتا ٥
میتا
٣
٢ أورثو
١ X
٦
أورثو
بارا٤
میتا ٥
CH3 Fe
Cl
CH3
Cl
CH3
NO2 Fe
Cl
NO2
Cl H2SO4
50°C
NO2 Fe
٢٧
١ --٤ - -٢-
B IN
٤ --١ - -٢-
=
١--٤- -٣-
=
C6H12
C6H6Cl6
3 4
I
2 NO2
Br
1
3 4
Br
2 NO2
Cl
1 NO2
NO2 CH3
- -
- -
- -
+ 3H2 H
H H
H H
H H H
H H
H
H
–
+ 3Cl2 H
H Cl
Cl H
H Cl
H Cl
Cl H
Cl
+ Cl2 FeCl3
Cl
+ HCl
٢٨
D.D.T –––
I
[ ─ CH─CCl3 ]
T.D.D
P.C.B
–
( R─X )AlCl3
CH I
Cl─ C ─Cl I Cl
─Cl Cl─
+ n Cl2 Fe
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
٢ ٤
٦
+ CH3Cl AlCl3
CH3
+ HCl
H
٢٩
( ─NO2 )
N─OC═ON≡N
T.N.T T.N.T
( ─SO3H )
+ HO─NO2 H2SO4
50 °C
NO2
+ H2O
T.N.T
CH3
+ 3 HNO3 H2SO4 + 3 H2O
CH3
NO2
NO2 O2N
–T.N.T
+ HO─SO3H
SO3H
+ H2O
٣٠
─SO3H R ─ + NaOH ─SO3- Na+ R ─ + H2O
مجموعة متأينة )للماء محبة (
سلسلة كربونية طويلة ) للماء كارهة(
النسیج
الماء
بقع دھنیة
)١(
)٢(
)٣(
Related Documents
