فؤاد أسامه النجار 220090021 فؤاد الحداد حسن مطر. A computer network allows computers to communicate with many other computers and to share resources

النجار أسامه 220090021فؤادالحداد فؤاد

مطر حسن

A computer network allows computers to communicate with many other computers and to share resources and information. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded the design of the "Advanced Research Projects Agency Network" (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defense. It was the first operational computer network in the world.

•Set of technologies that connects computers.

•Allows communication and collaboration between users.

• Simultaneous access to data

• Shared peripheral device

• Easier data backup

Personal communicationEmail

•Instantaneous communicationConferencing

•Tele conferencing•Videoconferencing•Audio-conferencing•Data-conferencing

Voice over IP•Phone communication over network wires

Local Area Network (LAN)…•Contains printers, servers and computers•Systems are close to each other•Contained in one office or building•Organizations often have several LANS

Wide Area Networks (WAN)Two or more LANs connectedOver a large geographic areaTypically use public or leased lines

Phone linesSatellite

The Internet is a WAN

Campus Area Networks (CAN)……A LAN in one large geographic areaResources related to the same organizationEach department shares the LAN

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)Large network that connects different organizationsShares regional resourcesA network provider sells time

Home Area Network (HAN)Small scale networkConnects computers and entertainment appliancesFound mainly in the home

Personal Area Network (PAN)Very small scale networkRange is less than 2 metersCell phones, PDAs, MP3 players

SAN - Storage Area Network, System Area Network, Server Area Network, or sometimes Small Area Network .Storage Area Network - connects servers to data storage devices through a technology

like Fibre Channel .System Area Network - links high-performance computers with high-speed connections in a cluster configuration. Also

known as Cluster Area Network .

Bus topologyoAlso called linear busoOne wire connects all nodesoTerminator ends the wiresoAdvantages

Easy to setupSmall amount of wire

oDisadvantagesSlowEasy to crash

Star topologyAll nodes connect to a hub

Packets sent to hubHub sends packet to destination

AdvantagesEasy to setupOne cable can not crash network

DisadvantagesOne hub crashing downs entire networkUses lots of cable

Most common topology

Ring topologyNodes connected in a circleTokens used to transmit data

Nodes must wait for token to sendAdvantages

Time to send data is knownNo data collisions

DisadvantagesSlowLots of cable

Mesh topologyAll computers connected togetherInternet is a mesh networkAdvantage

Data will always be deliveredDisadvantages

Lots of cableHard to setup

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