תולדות המיקרוסקופים המאה ה16 והמאה ה17

Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century MicroscopesMicroscopes

Microscopes slowly evolved from crude Microscopes slowly evolved from crude magnifying lenses during this period. The first magnifying lenses during this period. The first

recorded microscope consisted of a pair of recorded microscope consisted of a pair of draw tubes with a converging objective and draw tubes with a converging objective and diverging eye lens made by Dutch inventors diverging eye lens made by Dutch inventors

Zacharias and Hans JanssenZacharias and Hans Janssen ((Zacharias was a boy at the timeZacharias was a boy at the time.).)

The first known compound The first known compound microscope, made by Zacharias microscope, made by Zacharias and Hans Janssen in the 1590'sand Hans Janssen in the 1590's..

This middle seventeenth This middle seventeenth century version of the simple century version of the simple one-lens microscope uses a one-lens microscope uses a

sliding rod to focus the sliding rod to focus the specimenspecimen..

This simple single-lens This simple single-lens microscope, which is little microscope, which is little more than a magnifying more than a magnifying

lens with a sample lens with a sample holder, was common holder, was common

during the middle of the during the middle of the seventeenth centuryseventeenth century..

This elegant microscope has two engraved plates that are hinged at one This elegant microscope has two engraved plates that are hinged at one end and joined to the turned ivory handle. It is engraved "Depovilly a end and joined to the turned ivory handle. It is engraved "Depovilly a

Paris", and was manufactured sometime around the year 1686Paris", and was manufactured sometime around the year 1686..

•Equipped with a wooden Equipped with a wooden body and tripod base, body and tripod base,

this well-crafted this well-crafted microscope also has an microscope also has an

ivory stageivory stage..

-Originally designed by Christiaan Huygens, this Originally designed by Christiaan Huygens, this brass microscope was probably made by Louis brass microscope was probably made by Louis

ChapototChapotot -or his son around 1700or his son around 1700..

A simply constructed multipurpose microscope A simply constructed multipurpose microscope that may have a Dutch originthat may have a Dutch origin..

• - -An unusual microscope, made by Nicolas Bonanni An unusual microscope, made by Nicolas Bonanni in 1691, possessed revolutionary features such as a in 1691, possessed revolutionary features such as a

rack-and-pinion focus and a dual-lens condenserrack-and-pinion focus and a dual-lens condenser..

•This Italian-style vase microscope was made This Italian-style vase microscope was made by Eustachio Divini in the late 1600s and was by Eustachio Divini in the late 1600s and was

used in pioneering biological studies by used in pioneering biological studies by Marcello MalpighiMarcello Malpighi..

•Giuseppe Campani, a Giuseppe Campani, a famous Italian designer, famous Italian designer, made this screw-barrel made this screw-barrel

focus microscope in 1686 focus microscope in 1686 that utilized a spring that utilized a spring system to hold the system to hold the

specimenspecimen..

•Originally thought to have Originally thought to have been made by Galileo, this been made by Galileo, this

elegant pasteboard and elegant pasteboard and vellum Italian compound vellum Italian compound

microscope is now credited microscope is now credited to Campanito Campani..

Although this seventeenth century microscope has Although this seventeenth century microscope has been attributed to Galileo, a close inspection of the been attributed to Galileo, a close inspection of the

construction details indicates that it was made in the construction details indicates that it was made in the late 1600s, about 50 years after the famous late 1600s, about 50 years after the famous

astronomer-scientist's deathastronomer-scientist's death..

..

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/museum/museum1500-1600.html

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