EDG220: 1: - ,
, 2 2015 -
, ... , , Microsoft Expert Educator
BA Primary School TeachingMA ICT and EducationPhD Candidate:
E-Research and Technology Enhanced Learning
Internet itself has created a new paradigm in the delivery of
learning (Papert, 1998:141)Todays learners gravitate toward
collaborative learning opportunities that are mobile, personalized,
and use digital resources that are accessible anytime, anywhere
(Hansen, 2015)
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- -
[email protected] . , , ( ) .
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - () (.. , ) , (.. ) . .
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- -
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1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - , ., , ., , ., , ., , ., , ., , . , .,
(2006). . : ., ., (2001). : . : .K, . & , ., (2002). . (.). : ,
., , ., , ., (2005). - . : ., I., (2006). . : ., . & , .,
(2002). , . : ., ., (2001). . : . ., (2006). : . : . :British
Journal of Educational TechnologyComputers &
EducationE-LearningJournal of Computer Assisted Learning
Saying hello-
Email me your email
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - : -- [RRR- Read-Review-Respond] .
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 6: - : MOODLE FORUMS: 1
: , . : () () 3 () ()
/
, //
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- -
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - (Moodle) , .. , [Moodle online chat] ,
(sharing) .
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - :
Project 1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - :
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - :
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - :
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - :
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- -
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - (Rosen & Beck-hill, 2012)
21 (Churchill et al., 2014)
1 2; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- -
http://www.netschoolbook.gr/epimorfosi/introduction.html
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2
2011:
2014-15: /Smartphone
01/11/2014:
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2
2011:
2014-15: /Smartphone
01/11/2014
:
1:1 - - One Laptop per Child Association, Inc. (Nicholas
Negroponte 2006 in Howard & Rennie, E. (2013)
Netbooks on the rise - European overview of national laptop and
netbook initiatives in schools, European SchoolNet (Balanskat &
Garoia, 2010)he Magellan project (, . 2010) , , (. )
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2
24
1:1 - 1:1 :- - ,
(Vuorikari, Garoia & Balanskat, 2010)
, ,
25
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2(Teo, 2012)
(Bocconi & Kampylis, 2013) 1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 1:1
(Bocconi & Kampylis, 2013) 1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 1:1
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2
:
:
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2New Learning Ecology
(Spires, Oliver & Corn, 2011)
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2New Learning Ecology(Spires, Oliver &
Corn, 2011)
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 Moodle http://elearn.pi.ac.cy/kolossi
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 ,
2011-2013-: / ...
Bring Your Own Device 2014-15 :1 (, 2012)1 (, 2012)3 (, 2012) 2
(, 2013):
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2
Moodle http://www.kyperountaschool.education/moodle/
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2
1:1- :
http://www.kyperountaschool.education
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 . , Moodle http://www.mathisis.org
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 . ,
1:1- : . . ,
: http://www.teachthought.com
- 1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2 : - - :
- 1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2
. .
- 1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2 , (, ) (Leeds, 2012)
(Lancaster, 2012)
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2Knowledge economy & information society
& (Kelly, 2009)
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2Knowledge economy & information society
& [ ..] OECD measuring the information economy
http://www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/measuringtheinformationeconomy.htm
OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2015:
http://www.oecd.org/sti/oecd-digital-economy-outlook-2015-9789264232440-en.htm
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 - Digital culture
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 - Digital culture4 : , ( ) : , , , . :
[mass communication], .: [unregulated]/ . OECD
http://www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 - Digital culture
15/09/2015 - Schools have yet to take advantage of the potential
of technology in the classroom to tackle the digital divide and
give every student the skills they need in todays connected world,
according to the first OECD PISA assessment of digital skills.
http://www.oecd.org/education/new-approach-needed-to-deliver-on-technologys-potential-in-schools.htm
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 ; , . ;
2 [digital literacy], /.
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 . [informal] / . . , , .
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 ( .., 2003, . 23): J. Naughton (, 1999) ()
: , . . . , .
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2Theory of VirtualityWoolgar (2002)- 5 /
. , . . , ( ). [The more global the more local]
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 1: : MOODLE FORUM : 1
: 1o Woolgar (2002) [Virtual Society] / 1 :
5 Woolgar ; ;
. ( .)
.
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2 , , , , , , (Redmann & Kotrlik, 2004:2).
, , .. (Shelly et al., 2008: 327). H ( (National Centre for
Education Statistics, 2003). . (Woodbridge, 2004). / .. ,
(Ramorola, 2013).
;
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 2: - : MOODLE ONLNE CHAT
: 2
: :
;
-
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 ;ICT is a common-sense act of faith-
analogous to realizing in the aftermath of is invention that
electricity would be applied across all aspects of society
(Stevenson, 1997:23).
(Hawkridge, 1990)
School Rationale- Vocational Rationale- Pedagogic Rationale-
Catalytic Rationale- Industrial Rationale- Cost effectiveness
Rationale- Special Needs Rationale- Symbolic Rationale-
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 3: & : MOODLE FORUM
: 10
: 10 / 8 , Hawkridge (1990). ;
.
/.
57
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2; ; (Benson et al., 2001; Butzin, 2001; Osin,
1998; Rice, Wilson & Bagley, 2001; Russell, Finger &
Russell, 2000, in Yee, 2000) .. (word processing), (spreadsheets)
(databases) (Yee, 2000:291) . , , , (Benson et al., 2001:121).Rice
et al. (2001:211) The use of computers helps to bring changes in
classroom practice in order to improve subject matter teaching
58
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2 ; [.. , ] . , .
3 : , , - ,
59
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 24 (Mackinsey, 1997) : : / /: ; :: , , : ; ;
(); : : ;/;/ ;: ; ; ; :: / /: / /
60
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2 [centralized] , [ RDD- Research, Development
and Dissemenation]. : , .
. Fullan New Meaning of Educational Change (1992) . .
61
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 21 : -
62
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 22 : -
63
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 23 :
64
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 , (Livingstone, 2011)
- : . : ..
65
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 4: - Online :
http://questionpro.com/t/ALajsZSuKF
: 10
: 14 , ;
66
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 4: - Online . . . . . - CAL (Computer
Assisted Learning) . . . . . . , , . . .- /. , , .
67
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6- - 2 4: - Online
http://questionpro.com/s/1-2591933-4253718
68
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 E-Learning can be web-supplemented,
web-dependent or mixed mode (OECD, 2005) [ e-learning ]
Dillenbourg (2008)- e-learning .
69
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 -: (behaviorism ) (Constructivism )Ko -
(activity theory)
http://www.netschoolbook.gr/epimorfosi/
70
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 .
// , //. .(Tondeur, Van Keer, Van Braak & Valcke,
2007:975).
Conlon (2000:116) The introduction of new technology will change
our schools. But technology without philosophy is blind. Unless it
is harnessed to a clear vision of change then chip by chip, the
technology could take us into a future that we would never
willingly have chosen for ourselves.
71
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 . (Tondeur et al., 2008)
72
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2
Rogers (1985) . : , .
, .
73
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2/
: , .Early adopters: . . Early majority: , early adopters. Late
majority: , . . Laggards []: .
74
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 - : .. , . . Computer Studies Computer
Science . , .
75
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 - : . . .
76
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 5: - : .. https://popplet.com/: 20
: ... : http://www.schools.ac.cy/klimakio/ :. (...) [: hardware]
http://www.schools.ac.cy/klimakio/anakoinoseis/2013_07_16_odigos_ensomatosis_tpe.pdf.
htttp://www.schools.ac.cy/klimakio/Themata/ensomatosi_tpe/index.html
http://www.schools.ac.cy/klimakio/Themata/ensomatosi_tpe/analytiko_programma/vasikes_arches_ensomatosis_tpe_sta_nap.pdf
77
78
http://www.schools.ac.cy/klimakio/Themata/ensomatosi_tpe/index.htmlPrior
to the development of the new curricula, there has not been any
official document outlining the role of ICT in the curriculum
development process, except some brief and generic references in
the Report by the Committee for Education Reform(Committee for
Education Reform, 2004).
79
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 5: - - () : , 21
.http://www.schools.ac.cy/klimakio/Themata/ensomatosi_tpe/analytiko_programma/vasikes_arches_ensomatosis_tpe_sta_nap.pdf
, . , .
80
, , : , . , , , . , , , , . , , . .
http://www.schools.ac.cy/klimakio/Themata/ensomatosi_tpe/analytiko_programma/vasikes_arches_ensomatosis_tpe_sta_nap.pdf
81
http://www.schools.ac.cy/klimakio/Themata/ensomatosi_tpe/analytiko_programma/vasikes_arches_ensomatosis_tpe_sta_nap.pdf
, , , - . , 2020.
, , , 2 . , , ( ) , ( ) , , , .
82
http://www.schools.ac.cy/klimakio/Themata/ensomatosi_tpe/analytiko_programma/vasikes_arches_ensomatosis_tpe_sta_nap.pdf
, , . , . , , , .
, , , . . , .
83
1; 3 . 4; 5-- 6-- - 2 : (.. , ) (Pelgrum, 2001).
Decisions to integrate technology in teaching are influenced by
negative affective responses to technology, general risk-aversion
in teaching, and the perceived value of technology in teaching
(Howard, 2013: 359).
84
1; 3 . 4; 5-- 6-- - 2 [Teaching ideology]
, , . . . early adopters . , , , .
85
1; 3 . 4; 5-- 6-- - 2 [Teaching ideology]
, (early majority). late majority / . . : / [ownership of the
innovation] [hardware & software]
86
1; 3 . 4; 5-- 6-- - 2 /
/ . MacKinsey (1997):
(30 ) (45+ - 3 ) (60+ - 2 ) (80+ - 4-5 )
, . , , .
87
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 (Albirini, 2006; Shapka & Ferrari,
2003) (Bovee, Voogt, & Meelissen, 2007; van Braak, 2001) /
(Galanouli,Murphy, & Gardner, 2004; Tan,Hu,Wong,&
Wettasinghe, 2008)
- (Tondeur, 2008 ; Becker, 2001; Ertmer, Addison, Lane, Ross,
& Woods, 1999; Higgins & Moseley, 2001).- (Olson,
2000).
In Ramorola, M. Z. (2013). Challenge of effective technology
integration into teaching and learning. Africa Education Review,
10(4), 654670. doi:10.1080/18146627.2013.853559
88
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 : - (U.S. Department of Education,
2013).
(Aldunate & Nussbaum, 2013; Cuban, 2001; Mehlenbacher, 2010;
NESTA, 2012).
(Aldunate & Nussbaum, 2013; Mehlenbacher, 2010; NESTA, 2012;
Vrasidas, Glass & Zembylas, 2009;Wikan & Molster,
2011).
U.S. Department of Education (2013). Expanding evidence
approaches for learning in a digital world.
http://www.ed.gov/edblogs/technology/evidence-framework/
89
- Technophobia Ramorola, (2013). : (Odera, 2005).
- Insufficient resources (, , ) : (Ramorola, 2013).
90
(Torres, 2002)
(Cuban, 2001; Haydn & Barton, 2007; Mehlenbacher, 2010, in
Ramorola, 2013 )
91
92
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 [Digital Native] (Prensky, 2001) [Net
Generation] (Oblinger & Oblinger, 2005), [hypertext-like]
(Kukulska-Hulme & Jones, 2011; Valtonen et al., 2011).
.
, Livingstone (2011) . [media technologies].
93
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2- : / : . 3 : , , .Eteokleous, N. (2008).
Evaluating computer technology integration in a centralized school
system. Computers and Education, 51(2), 669686.
doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2007.07.004
94
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2- ..
.
Vrasidas, C. (2014). The rhetoric of reform and teachers use of
ICT. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(2), 370380.
doi:10.1111/bjet.12149
95
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 6: - : MOODLE FORUMS: 1
: , . : () () 3 () ()
/
, //
96
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 6: - 1:: Vrasidas, C. (2015). The rhetoric
of reform and teachers use of ICT. British Journal of Educational
Technology, 46(2), 370380. doi:10.1111/bjet.12149
4 : ;
2: Wetzel, K., Buss, R., Foulger, T. S., & Lindsey, L.
(2014). Infusing Educational Technology in Teaching Methods
Courses: Successes and Dilemmas. Journal of Digital Learning in
Teacher Education, 30(3), 89103.
doi:10.1080/21532974.2014.891877
: ;
3:Rawlins, P., & Kehrwald, B. (2014). Integrating
educational technologies into teacher education: a case study.
Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 51(2), 207217.
doi:10.1080/14703297.2013.770266
4:Ramorola, M. Z. (2013). Challenge of effective technology
integration into teaching and learning. Africa Education Review,
10(4), 654670. doi:10.1080/18146627.2013.853559
97
.. . .. . . . . (, , ) .
Ramorola, M. Z. (2013). Challenge of effective technology
integration into teaching and learning. Africa Education Review,
10(4), 654670. doi:10.1080/18146627.2013.853559
98
Sang, G., Valcke, M., Braak, J. Van, & Tondeur, J. (2010).
Student teachers thinking processes and ICT integration: Predictors
of prospective teaching behaviors with educational technology.
Computers and Education, 54(1), 103112.
doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.07.010
: . . .
Wetzel, K., Buss, R., Foulger, T. S., & Lindsey, L. (2014).
Infusing Educational Technology in Teaching Methods Courses:
Successes and Dilemmas. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher
Education, 30(3), 89103. doi:10.1080/21532974.2014.891877
99
http://euc.ac.cy/easyconsole.cfm/id/3142
100
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2-- Mini Research- WIKI ;1. / ..;2. ; 3. / ;
4. ; 5. ;6. ; 7. / ; 8. . ; ; ; 9. / ; ; ; ;
101
TPACK- Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (Chai et al.,
2010; Edwards, 2010; Hofer & Grandgenett, 2012; Hutchison &
Woodward, 2014; Mouza & Karchmer- Klein, 2013; Niess, 2011;
Niess et al., 2009; Pamuk, 2011; Wetzel et al, 2014).
(Wetzel et al. , 2014)
102
Hutchison, A., & Woodward, L. (2014). A planning cycle for
integrating digital technology into literacy instruction. The
Reading Teacher, 67(6), 455464. doi:10.1002/TRTR.1225
103
(Ramorola, M. Z. , 2013)
104
(Glbahar, 2007)
105
The Technology Integration Planning Cycle for Literacy1 . .2 . .
3 . - . 4 . .5 . . 6 . .7. .
Hutchison, A., & Woodward, L. (2014). A planning cycle for
integrating digital technology into literacy instruction. The
Reading Teacher, 67(6), 455464. doi:10.1002/TRTR.1225
106
[Digital Natives] - [Digital Immigrants]
Lei, J. (2009). Digital Natives As Preservice Teachers: What
Technology Preparation Is Needed? Journal of Computing in Teacher
Education, 25(3), 8797. doi:10.1080/10402454.2009.10784615 Prensky,
M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon,
9(5), 16. Retrieved from
http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/prensky%20-%20digital%
20natives,%20digital%20immigrants%20-%20part1.pdfPrensky, M.
(2010). Teaching digital natives: Partnering for real learning.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
-Multitasking
- - Formal vs Informal LearningThe blending of informal learning
into formal education is an intriguing notion, but hampered by the
lack of ways to acknowledge and qualify learning that happens
beyond the classroom (Johnson et al., 2015, p. 22)
-Flipped Learning
107
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 : Moodle Wikis ( , ): 2 :
: , , Blended Learning- 1:1 - - (2011-2013) BYOD- Kolossi
(2014-2015).
. : http://elearn.pi.ac.cy/kolossiUsername: studentPassword:
1234
: , , , ;
108
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2 / Moodle wiki ( ) : ( ).. ; ; ; - :- ;- ;
.. ; - ;- ; ;- ; - /
109
- : Moodle wikis
(Loizou-Raouna , 2015)
110
: wiki drafts Moodle
wikishttp://elearn.pi.ac.cy/kolossi/course/view.php?id=292
111
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2
112
1; 3 . 4; 5- 6-- - 2
113
114
The goal of our work focuses on the creation of effective
teachers for our nations PK12 students.As educators, we should all
be asking ourselves, what is effective technology integration for
teaching and learning? (Herring et al., 2014)
115
Steve Jobs
116
: ;Here, simple phrases paired with elegant visuals describe the
thoughts and emotions that go into creating each Apple product.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmV3KMniZuQ
117
Glbahar, Y. (2007). Technology planning: A roadmap to successful
technology integration in schools. Computers and Education, 49(4),
943956. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2005.12.002Hutchison, A., &
Woodward, L. (2014). A planning cycle for integrating digital
technology into literacy instruction. The Reading Teacher, 67(6),
455464. doi:10.1002/TRTR.1225Ramorola, M. Z. (2013). Challenge of
effective technology integration into teaching and learning. Africa
Education Review, 10(4), 654670.
doi:10.1080/18146627.2013.853559Rawlins, P., & Kehrwald, B.
(2014). Integrating educational technologies into teacher
education: a case study. Innovations in Education and Teaching
International, 51(2), 207217.
doi:10.1080/14703297.2013.770266Vrasidas, C. (2014). The rhetoric
of reform and teachers use of ICT. British Journal of Educational
Technology, 46(2), 370380. doi:10.1111/bjet.12149Wetzel, K., Buss,
R., Foulger, T. S., & Lindsey, L. (2014). Infusing Educational
Technology in Teaching Methods Courses: Successes and Dilemmas.
Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 30(3), 89103.
doi:10.1080/21532974.2014.891877Woolgar, S. (2002). Virtual
Society? Technology, Cyberbole, Reality Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Balanskat, A. & Garoia, V. (2010). Netbooks on the Rise
European Overview of National Laptop and Netbook Initiatives in
Schools (Brussels, European Schoolnet)Benson, L.F., Farnsworth,
B.J., Bahr, D.L., Lewis, V.K., & Shaha, S.H. (2001). Preparing
tomorrows educators to use technology: Learning and attitudinal
impacts on elementary learner. Journal of Instructional Psychology
29(3): 121138.667Bocconi, S., Kampylis, P., & Punie, Y. (2013).
Framing ICT-enabled Innovation for Learning: The case of one-to-one
learning initiatives in Europe. European Journal of Education,
48(1), 113130. doi:10.1111/ejed.12021Churchill, D., Lu, J., &
Chiu, T. K. F. (2014). Integrating mobile technologies, social
media and learning design. Educational Media International, 51(3),
163165. doi:10.1080/09523987.2014.969895Committee for Education
Reform (2004). Report on education reformof the Cyprus education
system.
http://www.paideia.org.cy/upload/ekthesi_epitropis.pdfConlon, T.
(2000). Visions of change: information technology, education and
postmodernism. British Journal of Educational Technology, 31(2),
109116Cyprus Statistical Service (2012). The use of ICT in
households. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http://
www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/Dillenbourg, P. (2008). Integrating
technologies into educational ecosystems. Distance Education,
29(2), 127-140.Eteokleous, N. (2008). Evaluating computer
technology integration in a centralized school system. Computers
and Education, 51(2), 669686.
doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2007.07.004Eurydice (2011). Key data on
learning and innovation through ICT at school in Europe 2011.
http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydiceGlbahar, Y. (2007).
Technology planning: A roadmap to successful technology integration
in schools. Computers and Education, 49(4), 943956.
doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2005.12.002Hansen, R. (2015). Technology
Integration on the Horizon. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher
Education, 31(3), 8282. doi:10.1080/21532974.2015.1059700Hawkridge,
D.G. (1990). Who Needs Computers in Schools, and Why?. Computers
and Education, 15(1-3), 1-6.Hayward. B., Alty, C., Pearson, S.
& Martin, C. (2002). Young Peoples Use of ICT.
http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/1646/1/becta_2002_youngpeoplesuse_report_queensprinter.pdfHerring,
M., Thomas, T., & Redmond, P. (2014). Special Editorial:
Technology Leadership for Preparing Tomorrows Teachers to Use
Technology. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education,
30(3), 7680. doi:10.1080/21532974.2014.891875
Howard, S. K. (2013). Risk-aversion: understanding teachers
resistance to technology integration. Technology, Pedagogy and
Education, 22(3), 357372. doi:10.1080/1475939X.2013.802995Howard,
S. K., & Rennie, E. (2013). Free for All: A Case Study
Examining Implementation Factors of One-to-One Device Programs.
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doi:10.1080/07380569.2013.847316Hutchison, A., & Woodward, L.
(2014). A planning cycle for integrating digital technology into
literacy instruction. The Reading Teacher, 67(6), 455464.
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& Freeman, A. (2015). NMC Horizon Report: 2015 higher education
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Globalisation and education: a review of conflicting perspectives
and their effect on policy and professional practice in the UK.
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(2009). Digital Natives As Preservice Teachers: What Technology
Preparation Is Needed? Journal of Computing in Teacher Education,
25(3), 8797. doi:10.1080/10402454.2009.10784615Livingstone, S.
(2011). Critical reflections of the benefits of ICT in education.
Oxford Review of EducationNational Centre for Education Statistics.
(2003). Technology integration. [Online] Available at
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/tech_schools/chapter7_2.aspOECD (2005).
E-Learning in Tertiary Education. OECD Policy Brief.Odera, F.
(2005). A study of computer integrated education in secondary
schools in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Pretoria: University of
Pretoria.Oliver, M. & Trigwell, K. (2005). Can Blended Learning
Be Redeemed. E-Learning, 2(1), 17-26.Papert, S. (1998). The
connected family: Bridging the digital generation gap. Marietta,
GA: Long Street Press.Pelgrum, W. J. (2001). Obstacles to the
integration of ICT in education: Results from a worldwide
educational assessment. Computers and Education, 37(2), 163178.
doi:10.1016/S0360-1315(01)00045-8Prensky, M. (2001). Digital
natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 16. Retrieved
from http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/prensky%20-%20digital%
20natives,%20digital%20immigrants%20-%20part1.pdfPrensky, M.
(2010). Teaching digital natives: Partnering for real learning.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
Redmann, D.H., & Kotrlik, J.W. (2004). Analysis of
technology integration in the Teaching-Learning process in selected
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