Zinc Nutrient Initiative Joint Meeting Brussels

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Andrew Green, Ph.D.Director- Environment, Health & Sustainability

Zinc Nutrient Initiative

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World Map – Zinc Deficiency

Soils

Humans

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• 4-yr program Global effort with a focus in China & India

Goals: • Increased use of zinc fertilizer• Increased crop production• Increased nutritional status

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• Demonstration crop trials

• Communication activities

• Workshops/seminars

• Country-based marketing

Approach

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Demonstration Field Trails

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Int’l ZincAssoc.

OMEX AgrifluidsLtd. England

Mosaic Co.USA

K+S KALI GmbH Germany

Harvest Plus Zinc Fertilizer Program (www.harvestzinc.org)

CHINACAU: China Agric.

University

INDIAIARI: Indian

Agric. Res. Inst.

TURKEYMinistry of Agriculture

THAILANDChiang Mai University

PAKISTANNARC: Nat.

Agric. Res. Cen.

MOZAMBIQUE IIAM: Inst Inv Agr

Moz

BRAZILAPTA:Agência

Paulista Tec Agr.

Collaborating Countries/Institutions

Int’l Fertilizer Ind. Assoc.

France

Int’l Plant Nutr.

Inst. USA

ZIMBABWESoil Fertility Cons.

for Southern Africa

Coordinating Institution

•

Canada Germany

Brazil

Zimbabwe

Zambia

MozambiqueSouth Africa

Ethiopia

Pakistan

India

Kazakhstan

Iran

Laos

China

Thailand

Australia

Turkey

International Zinc Assoc.

Coordinating InstitutionCoordinating Institution: : Sabanci UniversitySabanci University

Global Zinc Fertilizer ProjectGlobal Zinc Fertilizer Project

MexicoGuatemala

Argentina

Average of all countries -Zn: 26 +Zn:50

Country/Location -Zn +Zn

IndiaVaranasi 29 47PAU-I 25 81PAU-II 28 77PAU-III 26 61PAU-IV 49 65IARI 33 45

KazakhstanLoc-I 19 54Loc-II 28 73

PakistanLoc-I 27 48Loc-II 28 44Loc-III 30 40Loc-IV 29 60

mg kg-1

Country/Location -Zn +Zn

MexicoYear-I 21 45Year-II 36 60

TurkeyKonya 12 29Adana 32 57Samsun 23 49Eskisehir 22 43

ChinaLoc-I 28 54Loc-II 19 26

AustraliaLoc-I 18 39

GermanyAverage 20 32

IranAverage 17 28

BrazilAverage 30 52

mg kg-1

Average Grain Zn Concentrations

(10 Countries with 32 locations)

-Zn: 26 ppm+Zn: 50 ppm

Grain Zn concentration in different countries with and without zinc fertilization

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eIZA Crop Zinc Trials

India – 17 wheat and rice trialsChina – 24 trials in 6 provinces with rice, wheat & maizeThailand - 2 rice trialsSouth Africa - 2 maize trialsBrazil – 2 soybean trials

Total of 47 crop trials globally

There was an increase in grain yield up to 20 % by Zn application in the experimental sites of the

Nakorn Nayok and Chiang Mai Provinces

Zinc Applications improved rice grain yield up to 30 % in some locations of the Orissa State INDIA

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Zinc Applications improved wheat grain yield, on average, 9 % in 6 locations of the Uttar

Pradesh and Haryana States

Zinc Applications improved wheat grain yield, on average, 7 % in 3 locations of Punjab State

Zinc Applications improved rice grain yield, on average, 9 % in 4

locations of the Punjab State

No change in maize grain yield in South Africa by Zn applications; but grain Zn was increased up to 20 %

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Zinc Applications improved rice grain yield 20 % in 2 locations of

Sichaun, China

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+Zn+Zn -Zn-Zn

Zinc is essential for crops

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But…• Quality of zinc products a critical issue

• As, Pb and Cd reported in micronutrient fertilizers in range of 100’s – 1000’s of mg/kg

• Shipment of contaminated zinc fertilizer from China to S. Africa recently made the international news

• MgSO4 sold as ZnSO4 in Thailand & India

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Code of Practice needed

• ensure the safe and sustainable use of zinc-fertilizer products

• ensure quality of products for farmers

• help develop and grow zinc fertilizer market

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Two key goals of CoP

1) safe & sustainable product

1) Limits achievable by industry

• Working with Dr. Mike McLaughlin, CSIRO & University of Adelaide

• Review by Dr. Rufus Chaney, USDA

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New Australian Guidelines for Limits of Contaminants in Fertilizers

• State-of-science for setting limits

• Uses critical loading approach based on 100-yr scenario

• Considers multiple exposure pathways: plants, animals, humans, groundwater, runoff

• Official status of guidelines is draft but IZA given green light now to use methodology

• Will use limits as Tier 1, modify in Tier 2 with bioavailability & site-specific information

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What the numbers would mean for Zn sulfate

Element Maximum allowed

concentration per kg Zn

(mg element/kg Zn)

Proposed maximum allowed

concentration in ZnSO4

(heptahydrate) (mg element/kg

pure ZnSO4.7H2O)

US EPA maximum allowed

concentration in ZnSO4 (mg

element/kg pure ZnSO4.7H2O)

As 600 137 7

Cd 680 240 32

Cr 8100 1843 14

Hg 130 30 7

Pb 530 185 64

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What the numbers would mean for ZnO

Element Maximum allowed

concentration per kg Zn

(mg element/kg Zn)

Proposed maximum allowed

concentration in ZnO

(mg element/kg pure ZnO)

US EPA maximum allowed

concentration in ZnO

(mg element/kg pure ZnO)

As 600 482 24

Cd 680 546 112

Cr 8100 6508 48

Hg 130 104 24

Pb 530 662 225

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ZnO Research

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

Zincsulfate

DP 1 DP 2 CP 1 FP 1 FP 2 ZnO 1 ZnO 2

Zn Product

Plan

t Zn

deriv

ed fr

om

prod

uct (

%)

e

cdbc

d

abcaba

d

Alkaline calcareous soil

• Significant difference in size and solubility of ZnO

• Uptake by plant not related to solubility, ZnO performed better than ZnSO4 – needs confirmation

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Communication Activities:

• Case-study • Technical brochure• Publication of articles/book• Fact sheets• Newsletter• website: zinc-crops.org• Videos• Seminars/workshops

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Communication Activities:

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Communication Activities:

www.zinc-crops.org

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Zinc Fertilizer Seminars• Mexico

• Brazil

• China

• Thailand

• India

• South Africa

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www.zinccrops2011.org

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• 4-5 minutes videos being developed for India & China

• 2-3 minute international video planned

• Time-elapsed videos developed from greenhouse and field-trials in Turkey +Zn-Zn

Videos

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Country Activities

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e IZA India Actions

• Hired Director, Dr. Soumitra Das

• Crop Trials

• Policy Intervention

• Communications

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e India -NBSS• Total Indian subsidy for fertilizers is ~ 22-23 billion USD

• In old system, maximum retail price (MRP) of fertilizers set by government

• In NBSS, subsidy given on individual nutrients based on nutrient need. NBSS promotes balanced fertilization.

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e India- NBSS

• Subsidy for zinc has now been included in NBSS

• First time zinc has been included in central government subsidization scheme

• 500 INR subsidy paid to fertilizer companies that fortify with Zn.

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e IZA India Actions

• Policy Intervention• Develop IZA/FAI/ICAR Report on Zinc• Zinc Oxide Registration • Increase zinc subsidy

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e IZA India Actions

•Communications• Zinc Training Program• Regional Workshops• International Zinc Conference• Institutional Award• Fertilizer Companies

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e China• Hired Director, Dr. Ming Fan

• Crop Trials

• Policy Intervention

• Communications

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e IZA China Actions

• Policy Intervention• Develop IZA/CAU/CAAS Report on Zinc – • Zinc Labeling Standard• Add zinc to provincial/state level recommendations

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e IZA China Actions

• Communications• Zinc Training Program • Regional Workshops • IZA/IFA Task Force Roundtable• Fertilizer Companies • Partnerships with NPK groups

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e Thailand• Working with Padaeng Industry

• Crop Trials

• Policy Intervention

• Communications

Workshop planned in 4th quarter

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e Brazil• Working with Votorantim

• Crop Trials

• Policy Intervention

• Communications

Workshop planned in November

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e Malawi• Proposal to CFC in partnership with ILZSG for $120,000

• Crop Trials

• Policy Intervention

• Communications

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e Partnerships Needed for Success• IFA• IPNI• The Sulfur Institute• CFC/ILZSG• Governments• U.S. AID• Gates Foundation• Fertilizer Companies

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e Fertilizer Affiliate Members• Mosaic• Deepak Fertilizers• Beijing Xinhefeng Agrochemical • Omex Agricultural• Tetra Micronutrients• International Raw Materials

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• Zinc deficiency – in humans and crops is a critical, global, and linked issue

• Problem is solvable – Zinc Fertilizer

• Benefits include increased food, nutrition, health and economics

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