Transcript
www.convergencetechnologycenter.org DUE 402356
Home Network
LEARNING OUTCOME 6- Build basic home network including design, configuration and distribution methods. Note that all learning activities address outcomes 1-5 to some degree.
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LAN
Local Area Network Computer network that covers a small area
Home LAN Office LAN
Connected by wire or wirelessCan be connected to Internet via
Telephone Dial-up DSL
CableOne of the nodes in LAN acts as a Node in the World
wide Web (Gateway)
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OSI ModelOpen Systems InterconnectDescribes how computers communicate defined as a series of layers Developed by ISO – International Standards Organization
7 Layers Layer 7 – Application
Closest to end user – access information on network via application – e-mail, databases
Layer 6 – Presentation Translates data and encrypts or compresses it
Layer 5 – Session Controls sessions between computers
Layer 4 – Transport Transfers data between end users and checks for reliability
Layer 3 – Network Performs network routing – determines paths
Layer 2 – Data link Provides physical addressing – MAC address – packages bits of data
Layer 1 – Physical Transmits bits (0 and 1) – regulates transmissions over medium such as
wires
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Data Packets
All data in LAN moves in packets Data packets contain:
Type of data Where is it coming from – Source address Where is it going – Destination address
Advantages Information can be checked and resent if corrupted
NIC card on receiving PC uses checksum to verify integrity of data received
Information travels faster in smaller pieces Information flow is easier to control by network
devices
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TCP/IP & UDP
TCP/IP – Transmission control protocol/Internet Protocol Protocol used in the Internet Protocol used also for e-mail, Remote Login, Telnet, and
File Transfer
TCP – Transmission Control Protocol Connection-oriented Reliable protocol
Connection is established before information is sent Breaks messages into segments, re-assembles at
destination
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TCP/IP & UDP
UDP – User Datagram Protocol Connectionless
Transmits messages No delivery checking Depends on upper layers to check for error correction and
reliability
TCP and UP use different ports to identify the application to which data belongs Example of ports:
FTP – TCP Port 20 (data) and Port 21 (control) Telnet - TCP port 23 TFTP – UDP Port 69
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Network
Reasons users create a network Share files Share printer Share media Video surveillance
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Sharing on the Network
File Sharing Create a home server
Centralized resource location to store files
Printer sharing Home server above can support print sharing One printer can serve all computers Saves money
Instead of buying a printer per PC it will be 1 printer for all computers
Media Sharing Store data Download large files from internet and share with family members Personal video recorders – TiVO
Devices can hold hours of programming
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Other Reasons for Networking
E-mail E-mail –important service for home user
Might create own “YYY@home” e-mail service Outsource to ISP (Internet Service Provider)
Data Storage Rent data storage to ISP for a small fee
ISP MSN AT&T Earthlink NetZero Juno
Video Surveillance Common practice in residential networks Images can be stored in PCs and accessed anytime or remotely
across internet
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Network
Define scope of network Gather technical requirements or specs
What the customer wants to accomplish Location of equipment throughout the house Budget constraints Time constraints Develop timeline Meet with homeowner/update homeowner of progress
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Network
Determine network services Advice homeowner of services provided by network
Services Video, E-mail, Internet, VPN Private network inside a public network Point-to-point connection Home to Corporate LAN
Telecommuter/Home Office Lifestyle
- Business Use, Casual Use, Games, Music, Internet surfing- Single person, Couple, Family
Security Share devices
Printer ,CD-ROM, Files, Digital Cameras Remote Access
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Equipment
Document Equipment Discuss with homeowner type of equipment in network and
what will be added in the future in order to design network ready for growth
Existing equipment is compatible Number of PCs and peripherals on the network Laptops
Wireless Wired
Future equipment will also be compatible with current equipment Determines location of wall jacks for cable connections Telecommuters
Additional equipment might be needed
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Outlets
Determine Outlets Discuss location of existing current and future
equipment Different types of outlets Consider wireless
No new wires New construction
Standard is to run wires
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Wired or Wireless
Dependent on construction type New Remodel Retrofit
Wired Copper cable Fiber-optic cable
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Network Topologies
- Topology – Physical layout of a network- Home – single line layout, in a loop or a line to
central point Bus topology – Single line layout Ring Topology – Loop layout Star Topology – Line to central Point Hybrid Start Topologies – Combination of the above Extended star topology Mesh Topology – everything gets connected
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Ethernet
Type of LAN Easy to setup
Run cable Data transmission measured in Mbps (Megabits per
second) 10 Mbps 100 Mbps
Defined in IEEE 802.3
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CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect
- Devices listen for data on network- If wire clear then device transmits
- If wire busy then device waits before it transmits for clear signal
- If two or more devices try to transmit
- Collision occurs
- Everything stops
- After random period – devices start transmitting
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Ethernet Cabling
10BaseT or 100BaseT Uses UTP
Cat3 Cat5 Cat5e
TIA/EIA 570-A Grade1
Minimum requirement is Cat3 Recommends Cat5
Grade 2 Minimum Cat 5 Recommended Cat 5E
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HomePNA
HomePNA – Home Phone Network Alliance http://www.homepna.org Home network
Internet sharing Voice Data Share peripherals
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HomePNA HomePNA – Home Phone Network Alliance
Home network using existing coax and phone lines Does not affect telephone service Works like Ethernet network
Speeds up to 240 Mbps HomePNA hardware installed on computer or device
Adapters NIC USB-to-HomePNA Ethernet-to-HomePNA
Patch cord connects device to phone line Devices
Driver software Residential gateways Broadband modems
HomePNA specification version 3.0
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HomePNA
Coexists with POTS ISDN ADSL Backwards compatible
- Members AT&T Labs Motorola Samsung electronics TATUNG Linksys
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Powerline PLC / HomePlug / CEBus / X10
Power Line Carrier Systems – Powerband LAN that uses power-line cabling in home to send signals to
devices X10 – www.smarthome.com
Communications protocol Uses existing 110-volt wiring inside home
X10 transmitter sends signal X10 receiver will receive signal
Almost all home automation relies on X10 Limitations
Cannot handle sophisticated commands Typical commands ON, OFF ,ALL ON, ALL OFF
Slow transfer rate of information Unreliable due to noise in power lines One-Way communication
Cannot detect if device is already ON or OFF
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Powerline
CEBus - http://www.cebus.org/index.html CEBus devices communicate with other CEBus
devices over existing powerlines HomePlug - http://
www.homeplug.org/en/index.asp Supplements wired and wireless technologies Easy to setup network
Plug in two certified HomePlug adapters Connect PC Ethernet cable to adapter
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Broadband Broadband Coaxial Systems
Coax cable found in many homes Provide Cable TV service – CATV (Community Antenna)
Video programming Telephone service High speed internet service
Services are transmitted and received in different frequencies Same cable can
Distribute cable Transmit internet
Broadband vs Baseband Broadband – carry multiple signals Baseband – carry only one signal – send or receive but not both at
same time
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Firewire IEE1394 – Firewire High-performance serial bus
Support high-bandwidth requirements Digital video equipment High-capacity mass storage
Data transmission rates up to 400 Mbps (1394a) and 800 Mbps (1394b)
Firewire port can connect up to 63 external devices Supports plug and play Hot pluggin Supply powers to peripherals
Data delivery rate is guaranteed Ideal for real-time applications such as video
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Wireless
Alternative in hard-to-cable areas Advantages
Easy installation No wires Portable computers
Disadvantages Signal distance limitation Signal interference Signal not always secure
Frequencies 2.4 GHz – RF spectrum reserved for unlicensed devices 5 GHz Infrared
Wireless technologies 802.11 Bluetooth HomeRF
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802.11 – Wireless LANs
IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Use Access point to integrate into Ethernet network - 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g
- 2.4 GHz frequency band or 5 GHz frequency- FHSS- Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
-spreads transmission over different radio frequencies
- little interference but low speed – 2 Mbps- DSSS - Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum- OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
- splits signal into smaller sub-signals and transmit All of them at the same time
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802.11
802.11 – original standard 2.4 GHz frequency 1 to 2 Mbps Uses either FHSS or DSSS
802.11a 5 GHz frequency Up to 54 Mbps Uses OFDM Range about 10 meters
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802.11
802.11b Referred to as Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz frequency 11 Mbps, with fallback to lower speeds Range 30 meters Uses DSSS
802.11g 2.4 GHz frequency Up to 54 Mbps speed Uses OFDM Works well with 802.11b Range about 30 meters
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802.11
Expected next - 2007 802.11n
2.4 GHz frequencyUp 540 MbpsMIMO – multiple input/multiple output Multiple antennas – receiving and transmittingRange about 50 meters
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Wireless Security
802.11 WEP – Wired Equivalent privacy
Does not protect users in the network from each other WEP is weak and has been broken
WPA took over WEP Wi-Fi protected access
WPA2 is the latest version
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Internet Access
Factors affecting access Availability in area Cost of service Location of home Comfort level of homeowner with technology
Ways to get Internet Dial-up DSL Cable Satellite
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Dial-up
Slowest speeds of all services Uses a modem Communicates over a telephone line 56 Kbps is maximum speed
Slow down Graphics Audio Video
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Bluetooth Short distance RF communication
up to 10 meters links between PC, cameras and other portable devices
PDAs, Mobile phones, Laptops, PCs, Printers, Digital cameras Operates in 2.4 GHz SSFH
Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping support voice and data Solution to replace infrared remote controls currently available Technology promoted by
3Com, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola, Toshiba and Nokia
Speeds Bluetooth 1.0
Up to 721 Kbps Bluetooth 2.0
2.1 Mbps
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HomeRF
Wireless networking Uses SWAP
Shared Wireless Access Protocol Six duplex voice channels plus Ethernet
Uses 2.4 GHz freqeuency
Home RF is dead By Richard Shim
Staff Writer, CNET News.comPublished: January 7, 2003, 5:50 PM PST
“A consortium of companies promoting a wireless home networking specification to compete with Wi-Fi disbanded at the beginning of the year, representing its commercial end”
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DSL
Digital Subscriber Line Uses telephone line Uses frequencies not used by the voice portion of the telephone
line Speed
About 50 time faster then dial-up 1.5 Mbps
DSL modem needs to be used Users can use voice and data at the same time on the same
telephone line Distance is drawback
Customer must be close to the Telephone company office Other problems
Lower voice quality
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DSL Technologies HDSL
High Data Rate Sends and receives data at same speed Require two lines in addition to voice line
SDSL Symmetric Digital Phone is not used at the same time – speed is the same
ADSL Asymmetric Digital Download rate is faster then upload
RADSL Rate-Adaptive Modem adjusts the connection speed
VHDSL Very High Digital Fastest connection – up to 52 Mbps – short distance only
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Infrared
Infrared Infrared technology
Remote controls VCRs TVs CD players
Line of sight wireless technology
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Cable
Provided by Cable Television providers Uses Coax cable Speed
320 Kbps up to 10 Mbps Bandwidth shared among users in area
Uses cable modem
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Satellite
Use satellites Use a DBS – Direct Broadcast Satellite system Speed is up to 45 Mbps download but upload has
to use telephone system Dial-up connection – secondary internet service
Advantage available worldwide
Disadvantage expensive
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Fiber
Fiber can deliver large amounts of data over a long distance
Resistant to EMI – Electromagnetic Interference
FIOS from Verizon http://www22.verizon.com/content/
consumerfios/about+fiostv/about+fios.htm
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Network Equipment NIC
Network Interface Card Plugs into expansion slot in side PC or motherboard Allows computers to communicate with network
Has a MAC address 48 Bit identifier – physical address
Servers Provide services to other computers in network
E-mail Storage Applications
Switches/Hubs Switch
Network device that filters and sends data Devices connected to switch do not compete for bandwidth
Each device is its own LAN Hub
Sends data to all devices in network
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Gateways and Routers
Residential Gateways Used to connect to the Internet Server can also be used as a gateway
Firewall software It acts as a router, switch and modem together
Routers Can do more than switches and bridges
Can be Computers with software Can be network device
Route packets received on one port to another port Make decisions Keep table of routes Keep optimal routes
Router = RG
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Wireless Access
Wireless Access point Network equipment that connects to Ethernet
network Radio transceiver distributes signals More expensive than regular Wired routers or
hubs Disadvantage – distance limitation
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Network Connection Network connection is very important Outlets
Location determined by the homeowner Wall outlets
Phone outlets Connect phone line – RJ11
Cable outlet Connects Coaxial cable – RG6 – F type connector
Data outlet Connects Cat 5 – RJ45
Power outlet Power line
Universal outlet Custom type jack – Coax, phone line, Cat 5/6 and powerline
Type I Most common 1 Cat 5/6 and 1 Coax
Type II Connects 2 Cat5/6 and 2 Coaxial cables
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Network Termination
Proper termination of wires SMC
Structure Media Center Telephone module Data Module
Network termination points Punch-down blocks
110-type termination block – voice and data 66-type termination block – voice telephone BIX block – similar to 110-type block Krone block – used in Europe and Australia – 45 degree angle
contacts Patch panels
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Existing Equipment
Connect with Existing Equipment Legacy equipment and devices can exist Interoperate legacy and new equipment
Manuals Manufacturer websites Other resources
Approach Upgrade software Upgrade BIOS Run additional cabling Research backward compatible adapters Used wired and wireless solutions
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Documentation
Documentation is very important Wire detail chart
Devices Outlets Type of wire used Location of devices Cable labeling convention
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Configuration & Testing
Software OS Network OS
IP address sharing Web services
Buy latest version of software Vendor specific
Upgrades and patches will always be available Technical support
Open Source Linux
Help is available everywhere
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Network
NAT All devices share a single IP address to access Internet Provides security
DHCP Dynamic Host Control protocol Computers automatically obtain IP configuration
IP address Subnet Mask Default Gateway DNS Servers WINS Servers
Web Services Contain Web page on Internet
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IP Address
Internet Protocol Address Every device in a network needs to have an IP address in order
to communicate Types
Public address Private address Static address Dynamic address
If a device needs to be accessed from the outside then Assign a public static IP address Assign a private IP address and assign a Port in the
Residential Gateway to point to the assigned IP address More secure then public static entry
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Address Conservation
Address conservation techniques Use NAT 1 or 2 public IP addresses can be used with NAT RFC 1918 – NAT - http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1918.html
Private IP addresses 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
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Public Vs Private
ISP provide static or dynamic IP addresses 1 static IP is OK if all network access goes through
Residential Gateway Dynamic is cheaper
Does not support remote control access Upgrade issues
Static IP Costs more Supports remote control Upgrade
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Firewall Broadband technologies “always on”
Expose network to risks Hacker stealing data Hacker taking over your network
Hack into other networks Installation of Firewall
Prevents hacker attacks on home network Closes broadband connection when attacked Allows different levels of security Records all Internet access events
In Corporate environment Firewalls is the most popular method of protecting LAN from outsiders
Computer with software can be a firewall Open ports in order to work
SMTP – Port 25 POP3 – port 110 HTTP – port 80
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Final Phase
Install & Test Equipment Equipment installation and testing hardware Follow manufacturers instructions Do test run
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Troubleshooting
Testing connectivity Verify all computers can connect to internet Use PING – Packet Internet Groper
Command utility Ping Host name or IP address
If PING errors out then troubleshoot Check NIC Cable Wall jack
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Questions: Feel free to contact the creators of this material
Julian Carranza, jcarranza@dcccd.edu Mike Harsh, mharsh@ccccd.edu
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation underGrant No. 0402356. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation
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