DUE 402356

www.convergencetechnologycenter.org DUE 402356

Home Network

LEARNING OUTCOME 6- Build basic home network including design, configuration and distribution methods. Note that all learning activities address outcomes 1-5 to some degree.

www.convergencetechnologycenter.org

LAN

Local Area Network Computer network that covers a small area

Home LAN Office LAN

Connected by wire or wirelessCan be connected to Internet via

Telephone Dial-up DSL

CableOne of the nodes in LAN acts as a Node in the World

wide Web (Gateway)


OSI ModelOpen Systems InterconnectDescribes how computers communicate defined as a series of layers Developed by ISO – International Standards Organization

7 Layers Layer 7 – Application

Closest to end user – access information on network via application – e-mail, databases

Layer 6 – Presentation Translates data and encrypts or compresses it

Layer 5 – Session Controls sessions between computers

Layer 4 – Transport Transfers data between end users and checks for reliability

Layer 3 – Network Performs network routing – determines paths

Layer 2 – Data link Provides physical addressing – MAC address – packages bits of data

Layer 1 – Physical Transmits bits (0 and 1) – regulates transmissions over medium such as

wires


Data Packets

All data in LAN moves in packets Data packets contain:

Type of data Where is it coming from – Source address Where is it going – Destination address

Advantages Information can be checked and resent if corrupted

NIC card on receiving PC uses checksum to verify integrity of data received

Information travels faster in smaller pieces Information flow is easier to control by network

devices


TCP/IP & UDP

TCP/IP – Transmission control protocol/Internet Protocol Protocol used in the Internet Protocol used also for e-mail, Remote Login, Telnet, and

File Transfer

TCP – Transmission Control Protocol Connection-oriented Reliable protocol

Connection is established before information is sent Breaks messages into segments, re-assembles at

destination


TCP/IP & UDP

UDP – User Datagram Protocol Connectionless

Transmits messages No delivery checking Depends on upper layers to check for error correction and

reliability

TCP and UP use different ports to identify the application to which data belongs Example of ports:

FTP – TCP Port 20 (data) and Port 21 (control) Telnet - TCP port 23 TFTP – UDP Port 69


Network

Reasons users create a network Share files Share printer Share media Video surveillance


Sharing on the Network

File Sharing Create a home server

Centralized resource location to store files

Printer sharing Home server above can support print sharing One printer can serve all computers Saves money

Instead of buying a printer per PC it will be 1 printer for all computers

Media Sharing Store data Download large files from internet and share with family members Personal video recorders – TiVO

Devices can hold hours of programming


Other Reasons for Networking

E-mail E-mail –important service for home user

Might create own “YYY@home” e-mail service Outsource to ISP (Internet Service Provider)

Data Storage Rent data storage to ISP for a small fee

ISP MSN AT&T Earthlink NetZero Juno

Video Surveillance Common practice in residential networks Images can be stored in PCs and accessed anytime or remotely

across internet


Network

Define scope of network Gather technical requirements or specs

What the customer wants to accomplish Location of equipment throughout the house Budget constraints Time constraints Develop timeline Meet with homeowner/update homeowner of progress


Network

Determine network services Advice homeowner of services provided by network

Services Video, E-mail, Internet, VPN Private network inside a public network Point-to-point connection Home to Corporate LAN

Telecommuter/Home Office Lifestyle

- Business Use, Casual Use, Games, Music, Internet surfing- Single person, Couple, Family

Security Share devices

Printer ,CD-ROM, Files, Digital Cameras Remote Access


Equipment

Document Equipment Discuss with homeowner type of equipment in network and

what will be added in the future in order to design network ready for growth

Existing equipment is compatible Number of PCs and peripherals on the network Laptops

Wireless Wired

Future equipment will also be compatible with current equipment Determines location of wall jacks for cable connections Telecommuters

Additional equipment might be needed


Outlets

Determine Outlets Discuss location of existing current and future

equipment Different types of outlets Consider wireless

No new wires New construction

Standard is to run wires


Wired or Wireless

Dependent on construction type New Remodel Retrofit

Wired Copper cable Fiber-optic cable


Network Topologies

- Topology – Physical layout of a network- Home – single line layout, in a loop or a line to

central point Bus topology – Single line layout Ring Topology – Loop layout Star Topology – Line to central Point Hybrid Start Topologies – Combination of the above Extended star topology Mesh Topology – everything gets connected


Ethernet

Type of LAN Easy to setup

Run cable Data transmission measured in Mbps (Megabits per

second) 10 Mbps 100 Mbps

Defined in IEEE 802.3


CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect

- Devices listen for data on network- If wire clear then device transmits

- If wire busy then device waits before it transmits for clear signal

- If two or more devices try to transmit

- Collision occurs

- Everything stops

- After random period – devices start transmitting


Ethernet Cabling

10BaseT or 100BaseT Uses UTP

Cat3 Cat5 Cat5e

TIA/EIA 570-A Grade1

Minimum requirement is Cat3 Recommends Cat5

Grade 2 Minimum Cat 5 Recommended Cat 5E


HomePNA

HomePNA – Home Phone Network Alliance http://www.homepna.org Home network

Internet sharing Voice Data Share peripherals


HomePNA HomePNA – Home Phone Network Alliance

Home network using existing coax and phone lines Does not affect telephone service Works like Ethernet network

Speeds up to 240 Mbps HomePNA hardware installed on computer or device

Adapters NIC USB-to-HomePNA Ethernet-to-HomePNA

Patch cord connects device to phone line Devices

Driver software Residential gateways Broadband modems

HomePNA specification version 3.0


HomePNA

Coexists with POTS ISDN ADSL Backwards compatible

- Members AT&T Labs Motorola Samsung electronics TATUNG Linksys


Powerline PLC / HomePlug / CEBus / X10

Power Line Carrier Systems – Powerband LAN that uses power-line cabling in home to send signals to

devices X10 – www.smarthome.com

Communications protocol Uses existing 110-volt wiring inside home

X10 transmitter sends signal X10 receiver will receive signal

Almost all home automation relies on X10 Limitations

Cannot handle sophisticated commands Typical commands ON, OFF ,ALL ON, ALL OFF

Slow transfer rate of information Unreliable due to noise in power lines One-Way communication

Cannot detect if device is already ON or OFF


Powerline

CEBus - http://www.cebus.org/index.html CEBus devices communicate with other CEBus

devices over existing powerlines HomePlug - http://

www.homeplug.org/en/index.asp Supplements wired and wireless technologies Easy to setup network

Plug in two certified HomePlug adapters Connect PC Ethernet cable to adapter


Broadband Broadband Coaxial Systems

Coax cable found in many homes Provide Cable TV service – CATV (Community Antenna)

Video programming Telephone service High speed internet service

Services are transmitted and received in different frequencies Same cable can

Distribute cable Transmit internet

Broadband vs Baseband Broadband – carry multiple signals Baseband – carry only one signal – send or receive but not both at

same time


Firewire IEE1394 – Firewire High-performance serial bus

Support high-bandwidth requirements Digital video equipment High-capacity mass storage

Data transmission rates up to 400 Mbps (1394a) and 800 Mbps (1394b)

Firewire port can connect up to 63 external devices Supports plug and play Hot pluggin Supply powers to peripherals

Data delivery rate is guaranteed Ideal for real-time applications such as video


Wireless

Alternative in hard-to-cable areas Advantages

Easy installation No wires Portable computers

Disadvantages Signal distance limitation Signal interference Signal not always secure

Frequencies 2.4 GHz – RF spectrum reserved for unlicensed devices 5 GHz Infrared

Wireless technologies 802.11 Bluetooth HomeRF


802.11 – Wireless LANs

IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Use Access point to integrate into Ethernet network - 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g

- 2.4 GHz frequency band or 5 GHz frequency- FHSS- Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

-spreads transmission over different radio frequencies

- little interference but low speed – 2 Mbps- DSSS - Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum- OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

- splits signal into smaller sub-signals and transmit All of them at the same time


802.11

802.11 – original standard 2.4 GHz frequency 1 to 2 Mbps Uses either FHSS or DSSS

802.11a 5 GHz frequency Up to 54 Mbps Uses OFDM Range about 10 meters


802.11

802.11b Referred to as Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz frequency 11 Mbps, with fallback to lower speeds Range 30 meters Uses DSSS

802.11g 2.4 GHz frequency Up to 54 Mbps speed Uses OFDM Works well with 802.11b Range about 30 meters


802.11

Expected next - 2007 802.11n

2.4 GHz frequencyUp 540 MbpsMIMO – multiple input/multiple output Multiple antennas – receiving and transmittingRange about 50 meters


Wireless Security

802.11 WEP – Wired Equivalent privacy

Does not protect users in the network from each other WEP is weak and has been broken

WPA took over WEP Wi-Fi protected access

WPA2 is the latest version


Internet Access

Factors affecting access Availability in area Cost of service Location of home Comfort level of homeowner with technology

Ways to get Internet Dial-up DSL Cable Satellite


Dial-up

Slowest speeds of all services Uses a modem Communicates over a telephone line 56 Kbps is maximum speed

Slow down Graphics Audio Video


Bluetooth Short distance RF communication

up to 10 meters links between PC, cameras and other portable devices

PDAs, Mobile phones, Laptops, PCs, Printers, Digital cameras Operates in 2.4 GHz SSFH

Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping support voice and data Solution to replace infrared remote controls currently available Technology promoted by

3Com, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola, Toshiba and Nokia

Speeds Bluetooth 1.0

Up to 721 Kbps Bluetooth 2.0

2.1 Mbps


HomeRF

Wireless networking Uses SWAP

Shared Wireless Access Protocol Six duplex voice channels plus Ethernet

Uses 2.4 GHz freqeuency

Home RF is dead By Richard Shim

Staff Writer, CNET News.comPublished: January 7, 2003, 5:50 PM PST

“A consortium of companies promoting a wireless home networking specification to compete with Wi-Fi disbanded at the beginning of the year, representing its commercial end”


DSL

Digital Subscriber Line Uses telephone line Uses frequencies not used by the voice portion of the telephone

line Speed

About 50 time faster then dial-up 1.5 Mbps

DSL modem needs to be used Users can use voice and data at the same time on the same

telephone line Distance is drawback

Customer must be close to the Telephone company office Other problems

Lower voice quality


DSL Technologies HDSL

High Data Rate Sends and receives data at same speed Require two lines in addition to voice line

SDSL Symmetric Digital Phone is not used at the same time – speed is the same

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Download rate is faster then upload

RADSL Rate-Adaptive Modem adjusts the connection speed

VHDSL Very High Digital Fastest connection – up to 52 Mbps – short distance only


Infrared

Infrared Infrared technology

Remote controls VCRs TVs CD players

Line of sight wireless technology


Cable

Provided by Cable Television providers Uses Coax cable Speed

320 Kbps up to 10 Mbps Bandwidth shared among users in area

Uses cable modem


Satellite

Use satellites Use a DBS – Direct Broadcast Satellite system Speed is up to 45 Mbps download but upload has

to use telephone system Dial-up connection – secondary internet service

Advantage available worldwide

Disadvantage expensive


Fiber

Fiber can deliver large amounts of data over a long distance

Resistant to EMI – Electromagnetic Interference

FIOS from Verizon http://www22.verizon.com/content/

consumerfios/about+fiostv/about+fios.htm


Network Equipment NIC

Network Interface Card Plugs into expansion slot in side PC or motherboard Allows computers to communicate with network

Has a MAC address 48 Bit identifier – physical address

Servers Provide services to other computers in network

E-mail Storage Applications

Switches/Hubs Switch

Network device that filters and sends data Devices connected to switch do not compete for bandwidth

Each device is its own LAN Hub

Sends data to all devices in network


Gateways and Routers

Residential Gateways Used to connect to the Internet Server can also be used as a gateway

Firewall software It acts as a router, switch and modem together

Routers Can do more than switches and bridges

Can be Computers with software Can be network device

Route packets received on one port to another port Make decisions Keep table of routes Keep optimal routes

Router = RG


Wireless Access

Wireless Access point Network equipment that connects to Ethernet

network Radio transceiver distributes signals More expensive than regular Wired routers or

hubs Disadvantage – distance limitation


Network Connection Network connection is very important Outlets

Location determined by the homeowner Wall outlets

Phone outlets Connect phone line – RJ11

Cable outlet Connects Coaxial cable – RG6 – F type connector

Data outlet Connects Cat 5 – RJ45

Power outlet Power line

Universal outlet Custom type jack – Coax, phone line, Cat 5/6 and powerline

Type I Most common 1 Cat 5/6 and 1 Coax

Type II Connects 2 Cat5/6 and 2 Coaxial cables


Network Termination

Proper termination of wires SMC

Structure Media Center Telephone module Data Module

Network termination points Punch-down blocks

110-type termination block – voice and data 66-type termination block – voice telephone BIX block – similar to 110-type block Krone block – used in Europe and Australia – 45 degree angle

contacts Patch panels


Existing Equipment

Connect with Existing Equipment Legacy equipment and devices can exist Interoperate legacy and new equipment

Manuals Manufacturer websites Other resources

Approach Upgrade software Upgrade BIOS Run additional cabling Research backward compatible adapters Used wired and wireless solutions


Documentation

Documentation is very important Wire detail chart

Devices Outlets Type of wire used Location of devices Cable labeling convention


Configuration & Testing

Software OS Network OS

IP address sharing Web services

Buy latest version of software Vendor specific

Upgrades and patches will always be available Technical support

Open Source Linux

Help is available everywhere


Network

NAT All devices share a single IP address to access Internet Provides security

DHCP Dynamic Host Control protocol Computers automatically obtain IP configuration

IP address Subnet Mask Default Gateway DNS Servers WINS Servers

Web Services Contain Web page on Internet


IP Address

Internet Protocol Address Every device in a network needs to have an IP address in order

to communicate Types

Public address Private address Static address Dynamic address

If a device needs to be accessed from the outside then Assign a public static IP address Assign a private IP address and assign a Port in the

Residential Gateway to point to the assigned IP address More secure then public static entry


Address Conservation

Address conservation techniques Use NAT 1 or 2 public IP addresses can be used with NAT RFC 1918 – NAT - http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1918.html

Private IP addresses 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255


Public Vs Private

ISP provide static or dynamic IP addresses 1 static IP is OK if all network access goes through

Residential Gateway Dynamic is cheaper

Does not support remote control access Upgrade issues

Static IP Costs more Supports remote control Upgrade


Firewall Broadband technologies “always on”

Expose network to risks Hacker stealing data Hacker taking over your network

Hack into other networks Installation of Firewall

Prevents hacker attacks on home network Closes broadband connection when attacked Allows different levels of security Records all Internet access events

In Corporate environment Firewalls is the most popular method of protecting LAN from outsiders

Computer with software can be a firewall Open ports in order to work

SMTP – Port 25 POP3 – port 110 HTTP – port 80


Final Phase

Install & Test Equipment Equipment installation and testing hardware Follow manufacturers instructions Do test run


Troubleshooting

Testing connectivity Verify all computers can connect to internet Use PING – Packet Internet Groper

Command utility Ping Host name or IP address

If PING errors out then troubleshoot Check NIC Cable Wall jack


Questions: Feel free to contact the creators of this material

Julian Carranza, [email protected] Mike Harsh, [email protected]

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation underGrant No. 0402356. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation

DUE 402356

Documents

network devices

network routing

scope of network

basic home network

network share files

network services video

network file sharing

data link